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Biomedical subjects

M Tsvetkov

Publications and source records attributed to M Tsvetkov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The diagnosis, biopsy and treatment follow-up via ultrasound in patients with prostatic carcinoma].

According to data available in the literature prostate cancer accounts for 0.2 to 0.4 percent of all cancer diseases, 1 to 5 per cent of all tumors in males and 29.2 per cent of the tumors affecting the urogenital system. The consensus today is that prostate cancer is the most common tumor of the urogenital system. It is a disease of the advanced age, being most common in the age group 60 to 70. It is pointed out that transrectal echography has gained acceptance basically for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, for determining its stage and for check-up of the effect of treatment. According to M. Devonec et al., J. Pointes et al, the specificity of this method is 79 per cent and its sensitivity 48 per cent. The echographic diagnostic criteria for prostate cancer are described. The value of transrectal echography increases when performed with biopsy specimen examination under ultrasound control, especially in nonpalpable neoplasms or when digitally directed biopsy specimens have yielded doubtful or negative result. The method is noninvasive, practicable and well tolerated; this makes it particularly valuable for control of the effect of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A comparative evaluation between transrectal echography, venous urography, computerized axial tomography and morphology in patients with prostatic carcinoma].

Prostate cancer is a rather common and severe disease in man. It affects the age beyond 50, a tendency being recently observed towards affecting subjects of younger age. In the early stage the symptoms are scarce and vague. The diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound examination, intravenous urography, computer axial tomography and biopsy specimen examination were compared in patients with prostate cancer. The authors consider the possibilities of transabdominal and transrectal echography for diagnosis of prostate cancer to be superior to those of intravenous urography. H. Watanabe even recommends and uses transrectal echography as screening method. The possibilities and results of transrectal echography and computer axial tomography for evaluating tumor growth and infiltration outside the prostate capsule are compared. Ultrasound examination is recommended as a more exact method, with a view to radical prostatectomy. The good correlation of the echographic patterns with tumor development are also recorded.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The early scintigraphic diagnosis of bone metastases in prostatic carcinoma].

Fifty-nine patients, 58 to 88 years of age, with prostate cancer comprise the study group. Screening studies were made in doubtful diagnosis and vague complaints, as well as repeated scintigraphic controls in histologically proven cancer. The most common localization of the bone lesions were: pelvis, ribs, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Distribution of the zones of enhanced drosition, effect of treatment and eventual connection between scintigraphic and histologic finding are noted. Patients without X-ray evidence of bone metastases or with evidence of single metastases, frequently had extensive dissemination of the metastatic process when whole-body bone scintigraphy was made.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The place of interventional ultrasound in urology].

The search for new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis and their introduction in practice is a stable process in world urologic practice. It was not until after the first echographic apparatuses were produced in the fifties that the introduction of interventional ultrasound in urology became feasible. The authors set themselves the task to study and summarize the possibilities of this method for treatment of diseases of the kidneys, upper urinary tract, bladder and prostate. Renal cysts were diagnosed by ultrasound in 312 patients; in 229 of them percutaneous puncture was performed under ultrasound control. To reduce relapses, different sclerosing substances were applied, peak success being obtained with tetraolean. For establishing the exact cause of obstruction of the upper urinary tract the authors used antegrade pyelography under ultrasound control in 92 patients. Percutaneous nephrostomy for drainage of the upper urinary tract, a new endourologic operation was performed in 67 patients. To raise the radical approach to transurethral resection of the prostate and of bladder tumors, intraoperative transurethral ultrasound control was adopted for all patients operated by this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cases of the regression of advanced bladder tumors (T2-T4) after the use of chemotherapy].

A. Yagoda reports that modern therapeutic schemas applied for treatment of bladder tumors have essentially increased the response rate: more than 50 per cent with full response (CRs), within the range from 28 to 40 per cent persisting for a period from 11 to more than 32 months. What appears new, noted by this author, is the complete disappearance of the tumor (restaging) following chemotherapy, demonstrated surgically and on pathologic examination. Proceeding from the current trends in the treatment of bladder tumors and the use of modern chemotherapeutic schemes, the authors describe 4 cases of regression of advanced tumors. This was based on criteria of clinico-laboratory assay, which included urethroscopy with transurethral echography and biopsy specimen examination, computer axial tomography of pelvis and kidneys, radioisotopic examination of kidneys, chest X-ray. Two patients received combined treatment by a scheme with methotrexate, biocysplatinum and biocarbazine; a three-year survival without relapse was recorded. The other two patients were treated using M-VAC scheme (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and biocysplatinum). They have been under observation for 18 months and had no relapse.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Orthoclone OKT3 (Muromonab CD3)--the indications for and manner of its use. Side effects and their prevention].

In the last decade renal transplantation has gained considerable development. This is due to the achievements of clinical immunology and refinement of the surgical technique. In spite of all this, the achievements of renal transplantation are variable. This primarily is due to T-lymphocyte mediation, causing hazards for graft rejection. At present, numerous therapeutic agents, blocking the immune response of the organism, are applied. They are most effective when block selectively the activity of the immune cells responsible for immune response. The first synthesized preparation is Orthoclone OKT3 (Muronab-CD3). It is a sterile solution of murine monoclonal antibody to T3 (CD3) antigen in human T-cells and functions as immunosuppressor. The first experimental data on its application have been published in 1975. In 1980 the preparation was applied for the first time for treatment of acute reaction for grafted kidney rejection. The authors set themselves the task to give a brief review of the nature of this preparation, mode of its storage, indications for use, side reactions and their prophylaxis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

[The M-VEC chemotherapy of advanced bladder tumors].

The authors have treated 34 patients (32 men and 2 women) with advanced transient-cell bladder tumors. Depending on the degree of their infiltration, the tumors were divided in two groups: I. Locally advanced resectable tumors T2-T3B--25 patients, in 16 of whom TUR and in 9 open operation was performed; II. Locally advanced nonresectable tumors T3B-T4--9 patients, 8 of whom were not operated and in 1 ureterocystoneostomy was performed because of hydropyonephrosis. Modified M-VAC chemotherapeutic scheme was applied--M-VEC (epirubicin was substituted for adriablastin): methotrexat 30 mg/m2, vinblastin 3 mg/m2, pharmorubicin 30 mg/m2, biocysplatinum 70 mg/m2. This constellation was applied as adjuvant therapy for group I patients and as nonadjuvant for those of group II. The patients received from 1 to 4 treatment courses. The results of the postoperative application in group I patients were: 7 of those treated with M-VEC after TUR have no recurrence for a period of 12 months and 9 are still under treatment; 4 of the open operation group + M-VEC have no recurrence for 12 months and 4 are still under treatment. In group II where M-VEC was applied as nonadjuvant therapy partial remission was recorded in 3 patients. The authors' early studies on the M-VEC chemotherapeutic scheme in advanced bladder tumors assert the data of other authors: as adjuvant chemotherapy it guards against recurrences, as nonadjuvant may make 50 per cent of the patients operable; reducing the tumors to stages T0, T1 or T1S makes cystectomy unnecessary, thus preserving bladder and sexual function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Adjuvant chemotherapy with biocisplatin, methotrexate and biocarbazine in advanced bladder tumors].

In a series of 44 patients with advanced nonmetastatic bladder tumors the authors carried out complex treatment: operative removal of the tumor with subsequent (adjuvant) chemotherapy. Tumor transurethral resection (TuTUR) was performed in 26 patients and open operation in 18. The chemotherapeutic scheme included: biocysplatinum 60 mg/m2, methotrexat 15 mg/m2 and biocarbazin 200 mg/m2. Each patient received up to three therapeutic courses. The following late results were obtained: For a period of 6 to 12 months in 3 patients the tumor progressed and two of them died; twenty three patients, i.e. approximately half of the patients in this series (52.2 per cent) had no recurrences until the end of the second year. There was on essential difference between the number of recurrence-free patients for two years between the two approaches: TuTUR + chemotherapy--14 patients (53.8 per cent) and those subjected to open surgery + chemotherapy--9 patients (50 per cent). For a period of 3 years 12 patients had no recurrences (27.2 per cent). The most common side reactions to chemotherapy were leucopenia and vomiting. A few patients had transient renal dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The procurement and preservation of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation].

In comparison with other organ transplantations, renal transplantation has in recent years shown significant progress. It turned to be a routine and highly physiological method of treatment of patients with terminal renal failure who had been on chronic dialysis treatment. For a successful outcome of renal transplantation essential is the early and competent ascertaining that brain death of the potential donor has occurred. Intensive care (resuscitation) starts for saving the life and when this is impossible, the efforts turn into measures for conditioning the donor. Thus both kidneys are preserved for transplantation. Another important prerequisite for successful renal transplantation is the adequate sampling, effective perfusion and adequate storage of the donor kidneys. The donor-recipient couple is selected by up-to-date immunologic studies. The authors debate in brief the indications and contraindications for organ donorship, the legal aspects in establishing the brain death diagnosis. Measures for conditioning the donor and the surgical technique for obtaining the kidneys, their perfusion and storage are discussed.

Brain Death↗