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Biomedical subjects

M Turck

Publications and source records attributed to M Turck.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Diphtheria among alcoholic urban adults. A decade of experience in Seattle.

Three outbreaks of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection occurred in Seattle's Skid Road from 1972 through 1982. The first involved a single toxigenic, intermedius biotype clone, whereas the second and third outbreaks involved nontoxigenic mitis and gravis strains. Of 1100 total infections, 947 (86%) were cutaneous. The incidence was highest in winter and spring. In Skid Road, the estimated attack rate during 17 months in 1974 to 1975 was 5% for whites and 27% for native Americans. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from 73% of diphtheritic and 41% of nondiphtheritic skin lesions (P less than 0.001). Skin infection and environmental contamination by C. diphtheriae were correlated. Complications occurred in 21% of symptomatic nasopharyngeal and 3% of cutaneous toxigenic intermedius infections (P less than 0.001), and were significantly correlated with ages 60 years or more. Preferential use of erythromycin for diphtheria and pyodermas preceded plasmid-mediated resistance to erythromycin in C. diphtheriae. Diphtheria outbreaks in urban alcoholic persons are associated with poor hygiene, crowding, season, contaminated fomites, underlying skin disease, hyperendemic streptococcal pyoderma, and introduction of new strains from exogenous reservoirs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antibacterial activity of a new parenteral cephalosporin--HR 756: comparison with cefamandole and ceforanide.

HR 756, a new parenteral cephalosporin that is beta-lactamase resistant, was tested against 271 bacterial isolates. Both agar and broth dilution testing were employed, using two media and two inoculum sizes of bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the drug was compared to that of cefamandole (CFM) and ceforanide (CFN). In agar, HR 756 was more active than CFM and CFN against all bacteria tested except isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, which were better inhibited by CFM. HR 756 exhibited some antipseudomonas activity in agar, although a marked inoculum effect was apparent. A comparison of median minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations in broth showed again that HR 756 was the most active of these three drugs. HR 756 demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared to CFM and CFN against bacteria sensitive to all three drugs as well as against more resistant isolates of Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter species, and indole-positive Proteus. As with other cephalosporins, results for most bacteria were affected by inoculum size, medium, and type of dilution test employed in in vitro studies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of three oral cephalosporins: cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine.

Cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared in vitro with cephalexin and cephradine against 233 organisms. Evaluations were performed in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth and agar using two inoculum sizes. In agar, cefaclor had greater antibacterial activity than either cephalexin or cephradine against isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi. All three drugs were relatively inactive against isolates of enterococci, Enterobacter species, and indole-positive Proteus. Cefaclor, however, did exhibit the greatest activity of the three antibiotics against these organisms. Although there was wide variability with respect to test parameters, the broth results generally paralleled the agar results. In nutrient broth a clear separation of the results with these three cephalosporins was seen with K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and S. typhi. Cefaclor was the most active, cephalexin had intermediate activity, and cephradine was the least active. From the data obtained in this in vitro study, it can be concluded that cefaclor, which has a substituted chloro group attached to the molecule, had increased antibacterial activity over cephalexin and cephradine. Comparative clinical trials with cefaclor will determine whether the differences outlined above are of clinical significance.

Cephalexin↗
PubMed1977

Screening for cross-reacting capsular polysaccharide K antigens of Escherichia coli using antiserum agar.

Agar plates containing antiserum against group B meningococcus or Haemophilus influenzae type b were used to determine the prevalence of cross-reacting K1 and K100 capsular polysaccharide antigens in 265 isolates of disease-causing Escherichia coli. K1 antigen was found in 22% of isolates from various sites. K100 antigen was found in only three isolates. This technique is a convenient method to detect specific E. coli K antigens for evaluation as possible factors important in the virulence of the organism.

Agar↗
PubMed1976

In vitro evaluation of cefoxitin and cefamandole.

Cefoxitin and cefamandole were evaluated in vitro against 263 organisms. Studies were performed in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth and agar employing inoculum sizes of 10(6) and 10(8) organisms per ml. At obtainable serum levels both antibiotics were bactericidal for nearly all strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus but were inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus. In agar, cefamandole appeared to be active against most strains of Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, whereas cefoxitin was active against indole-positive Proteus but not Enterobacter. Moreover, in broth medium most strains of Enterobacter were not readily inhibited by either antibiotic and only 40 and 73% of indole-positive Proteus were inhibited by 10 mug of cefamandole per ml in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth, respectively. However, in both broth media, 10 mug of cefoxitin per ml continued to be inhibitory and bactericidal for most isolates of indole-positive Proteus. Cefoxitin also was bactericidal against four cephalothin-resistant strains of E. coli. These data suggest that cefoxitin broadens the spectrum of existing cephalosporins by enhancing the activity against indole-positive Proteus species as well as some other Enterobacteriaceae. On the other hand, with the exception of strains of Enterobacter aerogenes, the apparent increased in vitro activity of cefamandole was demonstrated in agar and not in broth.

Cefoxitin↗
PubMed1975

Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42 per cent) of 113 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), four (7 per cent) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19 per cent) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trum antibody to C. trachomatisis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients. chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomonas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and two of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p smaller than 0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Urinary-tract infection: localisation and virulence of Escherichia coli.

Virulence of 15 strains of Escherichia coli from the human upper urinary tract was compared with that of 16 strains from the lower urinary tract, using an ascending infection in the mouse. No significant difference was found. There was no significant difference in frequency of K antigen and ability to ferment dulcitol between 32 lower strains and 31 upper strains. However, 22 strains containing K antigen, regardless of anatomical site of localisation, were more significantly likely to cause infection than 9 strains with no antigen. Similarly, 23 dulcitolfermenting strains, regardless of site of localisation, were significantly more likely to cause infection than 8 non-fermenting strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Disparity between inhibitory and killing effects of BL-P1654.

The activity of BL-P1654, a semisynthetic penicillin, was studied in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae and compared with carbenicillin against Pseudomonas. There was a marked diminution in bactericidal activity of BL-P1654 when tested in broth medium.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

In vitro evaluation of a new quinolone antibacterial.

The activity of R-802, a quinolone antibacterial agent, was studied in vitro and found to be active against Enterobacteriaceae; less than 4 mug of drug per ml was required to inhibit most isolates. The majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew in a concentration of 256 mug of R-802 per ml when studied in broth against an inoculum of 10(8) organisms per ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity: failure of three cephalosporins to potentiate injury in rats.

The possibility that gentamicin and cephalosporin antibiotics may act synergistically to produce nephrotoxicity was evaluated in an experimental model. Necrosis of the proximal tubules occurred when rats were treated with 60 to 120 mg/kg of gentamicin for 5 days but not when 15 to 20 mg/kg per day was given for up to 4 weeks. In all gentamicin-treated animals lysosomes of proximal tubules were increased in size and number and the lumens of many tubules contained a granular deposit. Examination by electron microscopy revealed that the abnormal lysosomes contained membranous whorls. The luminal deposits consisted of similar material; identical bodies were also present in the urinary sediment. To determine whether concurrent administration of a cephalosporin would augment the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin, additional rats were treated for 4 weeks with daily injections of gentamicin (20 mg/kg) and either cephaloridine, cephalothin, or cefazolin (500 mg/kg). None of the combination regimens produced any more injury than did gentamicin alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Localization of the site of recurrent urinary tract infection in women.

In the past, several laboratory tests, which have included selective straining of the urinary sediment, and observation of the sediment after intravenous administration of bacterial pyrogen or adrenal corticosteroid have been employed in an attempt to distinguish between upper and lower urinary tract infection. In addition, as mentioned in the present report, measurements of O-specific hemagglutinating and other antibody titers, tests of maximal concentrating ability and determination of activity of certain enzymes in the urine have also been proposed as methods for differentiating renal involvement in recurrent bacteriuria. Moreover, in women, the pattern of recurrence, i.e., relapse versus reinfection, has been employed as an indication of the site of infection in women with asymptomatic infection. Although these procedures all may be helpful in characterizing groups of patients, none is specific in individual patients, and to date only bilateral ureteral catheterization has been shown to localize infection with relative certainty. However, ureteral catheterization cannot be justified for the routine evaluation of patients with recurrent bacteriuria. For the time being, it is my feeling that these studies should be reserved primarily as clinical research tools and not be applied routinely in the management of women with recurrent bacteriuria. It is anticipated that the greater availability of typing sera, coupled with a clearer definition and description of population groups studied, eventually will lead to a rational approach to these infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗