PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Urberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Urberg.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Changes in the characteristics of myocardial infarction patients: 1980 vs 1988.

This study examined myocardial infarction cases in an urban community hospital in the years 1980 and 1988. There were 56 well-documented heart attacks in 1980, and 80 in 1988. The sex ratio changed from 43/13 (male/female) in 1980 to 34/46 in 1988 (p = .0001). The percentage of diabetics increased from 27% in 1980 to 44% in 1988 (p = .044). The diabetics were older on average than the nondiabetics (69.7 years vs 65.1 years, p = .017). During the two years, 30 patients died in the hospital. Those who died were, on average, older than the survivors (71.4 years vs 65.4 years, p = .012) and were more likely to be white than black. More women than men died in 1988 (12 out of 13, p = .014), but the overall effect of sex on survival for both years was not significant. These results demonstrate a substantial change in the demographics of myocardial infarctions in the last decade.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension.

The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure, erythrocyte cation metabolism, and serum lipids was evaluated in 13 patients with mild hypertension. After randomization and a 3-wk placebo run-in period, seven patients received 40 mmol Mg aspartate (20 mmol elemental Mg twice daily) and six received placebo for 3 mo. In comparison with placebo treatment, magnesium aspartate therapy had no effect on blood pressure, lipid concentrations, or erythrocyte cation metabolism. These results demonstrate that in magnesium-repleted hypertensive subjects, magnesium supplementation does not affect blood pressure or lipids probably because magnesium has no effect on cellular cation metabolism in magnesium-replete individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chemistry--a scientific model for family medicine?

The academic basis of family medicine is currently undergoing reexamination. Some would have the specialty leave the academic arena and pursue a biopsychosocial mode of practice in the community. Others would have family medicine aggressively pursue academic research, apparently by abandoning the biopsychosocial approach to medical care. Chemistry as an academic discipline and as applied in community practice has solved many of the problems facing family medicine today. This paper suggests that one may learn much from chemistry. Four basic principles of applied science are presented from the point of view of a chemist: (1) science has an important but strictly limited contribution to make to medical practice; the humanistic goals of family medicine are philosophical decisions, and science is used to attain these goals; (2) observations are the basic reality of science; theory, to be useful, must explain and predict observations; (3) there is a basic unity in science; and (4) there is no hierarchy in scientific understanding. A model based on these four principles is presented that defines family medicine as the central, coordinating discipline in modern academic and community medical practice.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

The effects of cigarette smoking on glycosylated hemoglobin in nondiabetic individuals.

Cigarette smoking has been causally linked to atherosclerotic heart disease. The mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes heart disease has not, however, been determined. Nicotine has been shown to lead to increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine following smoking. Catecholamines have been shown to lead to increases in blood glucose. This paper demonstrates that cigarette smoking is associated with increases in average blood glucose as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin levels in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Fifteen nondiabetic smokers had an average glycosylated hemoglobin of 6.82% (SD = 1.06%), which is higher than the 5.63% (SD = .49%, t = 3.98, P less than .001) found for 23 nonsmokers. The average glycosylated hemoglobin level of the smokers is in the range found for patients with well-controlled diabetes. These data suggest that elevated blood glucose may contribute to atherogenesis in cigarette smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A correlation between serum cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin in nondiabetic humans.

The relationship of serum cholesterol and average blood glucose as glycosylated hemoglobin was investigated in 43 nondiabetic subjects. Glycosylated hemoglobin correlated strongly with total cholesterol (r = .63, P less than .001). A significant negative partial correlation (r = -.25, P = .05) was seen between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin if total cholesterol was held constant. This negative partial correlation was much stronger when the analysis was limited to subjects with total cholesterol greater than 5.20 mmol/L (200 mg/dL, r = -.51, P = .006). Subjects at high risk for atherosclerosis with total cholesterol greater than 7.25 mmol/L (280 mg/dL) have a glycosylated hemoglobin (6.32 percent) that is in the range of well-controlled diabetics. Subjects with moderately elevated cholesterol have moderately elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (5.92 percent) compared with normocholesterolemic subjects (5.53 percent). These results support the hypothesis that elevated blood glucose that is associated with hypercholesterolemia is responsible for some of the atherogenesis associated with high cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hypocholesterolemic effects of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation.

During the course of a study of the hypoglycemic effects of nicotinic acid and chromium on humans, two hypercholesterolemic subjects were found to experience clinically significant decreases in serum cholesterol levels. These subjects have now been followed for one year. The first subject had a cholesterol level of 10.33 mmol/L (399 mg/dL). Daily supplementation for four weeks with 100 mg of nicotinic acid (niacin) and 200 micrograms of chromium chloride led to a decrease in serum cholesterol to 8.86 mmol/L (342 mg/dL). Further supplementation for four months led to a further decrease in serum cholesterol to 7.25 mmol/L (280 mg/dL). The second subject had a cholesterol level of 8.73 mmol/L (337 mg/dL). Four weeks of supplementation lowered the level to 6.73 mmol/L (260 mg/dL). When supplementation was discontinued, the cholesterol level rose slightly. When supplementation was reinstituted, the cholesterol level decreased to 6.68 mmol/L (258 mg/dL).

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in the control of glucose tolerance in elderly humans.

Impaired glucose tolerance results from Cr restriction in animals, and Cr supplementation improves glucose tolerance in diabetic animals. These effects are presumably due to the role of Cr in glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a complex of Cr and nicotinic acid believed to facilitate insulin binding. Humans, however, do not uniformly respond to Cr supplementation. The present study was designed to evaluate the possibility that the failure results from inadequate levels of dietary nicotinic acid to serve as substrate for GTF synthesis. Sixteen healthy elderly volunteers were divided into three groups and given either 200 micrograms Cr, 100 mg nicotinic acid, or 200 micrograms Cr + 100 mg nicotinic acid daily for 28 days and evaluated on days 0 and 28. Fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were unaffected by either chromium or nicotinic acid alone. In contrast, the combined chromium-nicotinic acid supplement caused a 15% decrease in a glucose area integrated total (p less than .025) and a 7% decrease in fasting glucose. None of the treatments exerted any effect on fasting or one-hour insulin levels. Thus, these data suggest that the inability to respond to chromium supplementation may result from suboptimal levels of dietary nicotinic acid.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation for an in-hospital cardiac arrest.

This is a report of the results of a study of all patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for an in-hospital cardiac arrest in a community hospital from July 1983 through June 1984. Out of 121 patients, 46 survived the initial arrest, but only 13 (11 percent) survived to leave the hospital. The patient's age or sex were not predictors of survival to leave the hospital. Patients who were living independently prior to hospitalization had a higher survival rate (19 percent) than homebound (3 percent) or nursing home (3 percent) patients. Patients with acute myocardial infarctions or cardiac arrhythmias had better survival rates (26 percent and 19 percent, respectively) than with other diagnosis (5 percent), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Patients who survived to leave the hospital did not suffer any mental loss from the arrest. General guidelines for withholding CPR based on the present study and a review of the literature are presented.

Age Factors↗