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M V Ivanov

Publications and source records attributed to M V Ivanov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Use of a fluorescent probe for the study of the active center of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase].

The effect of NAD on the binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) to yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been studied using difference spectrophotometric and fluorescence techniques. Coenzyme addition causes the displacement of ANS from its complex with the dehydrogenase, as suggested by the effect of NAD on the fluorescence of the enzyme--ANS complex, as well as on the magnitude of the difference spectrum of the complex. Adenine containing NAD fragments, adenosine, 5'-AMP, and ADP were shown to compete with ANS for the common site on the enzyme using fluorimetric technique; in the case of adenosine and 5'-AMP a direct method of analytical ultracentrifugation was also employed. The results obtained by both methods suggest the dye binding at the adenine subsite of the dehydrogenase. The interaction with ANS causes no detectable conformational changes of the protein. The fluorescence of the dye-enzyme complex increases and the emission maximum shifts to shorter wavelengths on addition of nicotinamide mononucleotide. This suggest some conformational changes to occur in the microenvironment of the bound dye in response to the interaction with the ligand in the nicotinamide subsite. The participation of the nicotinamide subsite of the active center in determining the character of conformational transitions associated with coenzyme binding to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is discussed.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fractionation of sulfur isotopes by phototrophic sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii].

Two processes of sulphur isotope fractionation have been found in experiments with the sulphur purple bacterium Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii. As a result, a light isotope, 32S, is concentrated in residual hydrogen sulphide, and a heavy isotope, 34S, in elementary suphur which is deposited outside the cell. The sulphate produced is lighter than elementary sulphur. Fractionation of sulphur isotopes is observed in natural conditions and is confined to places of mass growth of photosynthetic sulphur bacteria.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological processes at the interface of aerobic and anaerobic waters in the deep-water zone of the Black Sea].

Chemical and key microbiological processes (assimilation of carbon dioxide, oxidation and formation of methane, and sulfate reduction) occurring at the boundary between the aerobic-anaerobic interface in the deep-water zone of the Black Sea were investigated. Measurements were taken at depths from 90 to 300 m at intervals of 5-10 m. The integral rate of the dark assimilation of carbon dioxide varied from 120 to 207 mg C/(m2 day) with a maximum at the boundary of cyclonic currents. The organic matter (OM) formed from methane comprised less than 5% of the OM formed from carbon dioxide. A comparison between the rates of methane oxidation and methane production suggests that methane that is oxidized at depths from 100 to 300 m was formed in deeper water horizons. The maximum rate of sulfate reduction (1230 mg S/(m2 day)) was observed in the western halistatic region, and the minimum rate (490 mg S/(m2 day)), in the eastern halistatic region. The average rate of hydrogen sulfide production measured at three deep-sea stations amounted to 755 mg S/(m2 day), or 276 g S/(m2 year).

Aerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of microorganisms and seasonal factors on the isotope composition of organic carbon from Black Sea suspensions].

The isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the Black Sea deep-water zone was studied during a Russian-Swiss expedition in May 1998. POC from the upper part of the hydrogen sulfide zone (the C-layer) was found to be considerably enriched with the 12C isotope, as compared to the POC of the oxycline and anaerobic zone. In the C-layer waters, the concurrent presence of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulfide and an increased rate of dark CO2 fixation were recorded, suggesting that the change in the POC isotopic composition occurs at the expense of newly formed isotopically light organic matter of the biomass of autotrophic bacteria involved in the sulfur cycle. In the anaerobic waters below the C-layer, the organic matter of the biomass of autotrophs is consumed by the community of heterotrophic microorganisms; this results in weighting of the POC isotopic composition. Analysis of the data obtained and data available in the literature allows an inference to be made about the considerable seasonable variability of the POC delta 13C value, which depends on the ratio of terrigenic and planktonogenic components in the particulate organic matter.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assimilation of carbon dioxide and oxidation of methane in various zones of the Rainbow hyperthermophilic field zones].

Rates of carbon dioxide assimilation and methane oxidation were determined in various zones of the Rainbow Hydrothermal Field (36 degrees N) of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the plume above the hydrothermal field, anomalously high methane content was recorded; the microbial population density (up to 10(5) cells/ml) was an order of magnitude higher than the background values; and the CO2 assimilation rate varied from 0.01 to 1.1 micrograms C/(1 day). Based on the data on CO2 assimilation, the production of organic carbon due to bacterial chemosynthesis in the plume was calculated to be 930 kg/day or 340 tons/year (about 29% of the organic carbon production in the photic zone). In the black smoke above active smokers, the microbial population density was as high as 10(6) cells/ml; the rate of CO2 assimilation made up 5-10 micrograms C/(1 day); the methane oxidation rate varied from 0.15 to 12.7 mu/(1 day); and the methane concentration ranged from 1.05 to 70.6 mu/l. In bottom sediments enriched with sulfides, the rate of CO2 assimilation was at least an order of magnitude higher than in oxidized metal-bearing sediments. At the base of an active construction site, whitish sediment was found, which was characterized by a methane high content (92 mu/dm3) and a high rate of oxidation (1.7 mu/(dm3 day)).

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological study of the northern part of the Barentz Sea at the onset of winter].

The total number of microorganisms and rates of microbial processes of the carbon cycle were determined in snow, sea ice, water, and seafloor sediments of the northern part of the Barents Sea from September to October, 1998. The explorations were carried out in two areas: along the trajectory from Franz Josef Land to Victoria Island and along the continental slope region covered with solid ice at latitude 81 degrees-82 degrees N and longitude 37 degrees-39 degrees E. At the time of study, the ice cover was represented by thick one-year old ice (up to 1.2 m), perennial ice (up to 1.85 m), and pack ice. The number of bacteria in the snow cover, sea ice, and seawater was 12 to 14, 50 to 110, and 10 to 240 x 10(3) cells/ml, respectively. Rates of CO2-assimilation in the absence of light, glucose utilization, and methane oxidation by bacteria were determined. The highest rate of microbial processes was found in samples of the lowermost newly formed sea ice. The lowest level of activity for all processes was observed from melted snow water. A direct relation was shown between the concentration of Corg, the bacterial biomass, and the values of delta 13Corg in mixtures of melted snow and ice. The number of microorganisms and rates of microbial processes in seafloor sediments measured at the stations on the continental slope are comparable to those in the central part of the Barents Sea and the northern part of the Kara Sea.

Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological processes of the carbon and sulfur cycle in cold methane seeps in the North Atlantic].

Functioning of microbial communities in surface sediments of the Haakon Mosby underwater mud volcano (lat. 72 degrees N) and in gas seepage fields of the Vestnesa Ridge was investigated using Mir-1 and Mir-2 deep-sea submersibles during the 40th expedition of the research vessel Academician Mstislav Keldysh. Large areas of sedimentary deposits of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) and pockmarks of the Vestnesa Ridge (VR) are covered with bacterial mats 0.1 to 0.5 cm thick. The microbial community making up bacterial mats of the HMMV was predominated by large filamentous bacteria with filaments measuring up to 100 microns in length and 2 to 8 microns in width. The occurrence of rosettes allowed the observed filamentous bacteria to be referred to the morphologically similar genera Leucothrix or Thiothrix. Three morphological types of filamentous bacteria were identified in bacterial mats covering VR pockmarks. Filaments of type one are morphologically similar with representatives of the genera Thioploca or Desmanthos. Type two filaments had numerous inclusions of sulfur and resembled representatives of the genus Thiothrix. The third morphological type was constituted by single filaments made up of tightly connected disk-like cells and can, apparently, be assigned to the genus Beggiatoa. The rates of methane oxidation (up to 1570 microliters C/(dm3 day)) and sulfate reduction (up to 17 mg S/(dm3 day)) measured in surface sediments of HMMV and VR were close to the maximum rates of these processes observed in badly polluted regions of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. High rates of microbiological processes correlated with the high number of bacteria. The rate of methane production in sediments studied was notably lower and ranged from 0.1 to 3.5 microliters CH4/(dm3 day). Large areas of the HMMV caldera were populated by pogonophoras, represented by the two species, Sclerolinum sp. and Oligobrachia sp. The mass development of Sclerolinum sp. in the HMMV caldera was by the activity of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria localized inside the cells of these animals. Bacterial cells were also found in the trophosome tissue of Oligobrachia sp., but in cells of these bacteria, we did not observe the membrane structures typical of methanotrophs. The localization pattern of pogonophoras on the surface of reduced sediments suggests that the predominant bacteria in Oligobrachia tissues are sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological processes in a high-temperature oil field].

Thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) oxidizing lactate, butyrate, and C12-C16 n-alkanes of oil at a temperature of 90 degrees C were isolated from samples of water and oil originating from oil reservoirs of the White Tiger high-temperature oil field (Vietnam). At the same time, no thermophiles were detected in the injected seawater, which contained mesophilic microorganisms and was the site of low-temperature processes of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Thermophilic SRB were also found in samples of liquid taken from various engineering reservoirs used for oil storage, treatment, and transportation. These samples also contained mesophilic SRB, methanogens, aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria, and heterotrophs. Rates of bacterial production of hydrogen sulfide varied from 0.11-2069.63 at 30 degrees C and from 1.18-173.86 at 70 degrees C micrograms S/(1 day); and those of methane production, varied from 58.4-100 629.8 nl CH4/(1 day) (at 30 degrees C). The sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfates contained in reservoir waters and of hydrogen sulfide of the accompanying gas indicate that bacterial sulfate reduction might be effective in the depth of the oil field.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbial processes of carbon and sulfur cycles in lake Mogil'noe].

In the beginning of summer 1999, complex microbiological and biogeochemical investigations of meromictic Lake Mogil'noe (Kil'din Island, Barents Sea) were carried out. The analysis of the results shows clearly pronounced vertical zonality of the microbial processes occurring in the water column of the lake. To a depth of 8 m, the total number and activity of microorganisms was limited by the relatively low content of organic matter (OM). In the upper part of the hydrogen-sulfide zone of the lake (beginning at a depth of 8.25 m), the content of particulate OM and the microbial number sharply increased. In this zone, the daily production of OM during anaerobic photosynthesis at the expense of massive development of colored sulfur bacteria reached 620 mg C/m2, which was twofold greater than the daily production of phytoplankton photosynthesis and led to a considerable change in the isotopic composition (delta 13 C) of the particulate OM. In the same intermediate layer, the highest rates of sulfate reduction were recorded, and fractionation of stable sulfur isotopes occurred. Below 10 m was the third hydrochemical zone, characterized by maximum concentrations of H2S and CH4 and by a relatively high rate of autotrophic methanogenesis. The comparison of the results obtained with the results of investigations of previous years, performed in the end of summer, shows a decrease in the intensity of all microbial processes inspected. An exception was anoxygenic photosynthesis, which can utilize not only the de novo formed H2S but also the H2S accumulated in the lake during the winter period.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological characterization of the accreted ice of subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica].

The accreted ice of subglacial Lake Vostok extends upward from the lake water level (a depth of 3750 m) to the bottom surface of the overlying Antarctic ice sheet. All of the accreted ice samples, taken from depths between 3541 and 3611 m, were found to contain pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms, whose number and diversity varied in different ice horizons and correlated, to a certain degree, with the occurrence of organic and inorganic impurities in a given horizon. Some biological objects found in the accreted lake ice, including bacteria, microalgae, and the pollen of higher plants, were morphologically similar to those found earlier in the glacier ice bulk. The others were not. It is suggested that the microorganisms found in the lake ice may come from different locations--the bottom layer of the glacier ice, the bedrock underlying the glacier, and the lake water.

Antarctic Regions↗