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Biomedical subjects

M V Kaminski

Publications and source records attributed to M V Kaminski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A new method for long-term intravenous alimentation in unrestrained rats.

A new technique for continuous long term intravenous alimentation in unrestrained rats has been developed. The model involves the use of the intravenous tubing set which was constructed from the barrel of a 1 ml syringe-cylinder with flanges sutured to the rat's skin. After inserting the silicone catheter into the jugular vein the free end was exited at the intraauricular area and passed through the intravenous tubing set. The tubing was then connected with a silk suture to the top of the cage. This prohibits twisting of the system and allows unrestrained movement of the rat in the cage with a rotation of 6-8 turns in either direction. The metabolic cage was constructed from an inverted 4-liter glass jug with the base removed. A floor and root were fashioned from coarse wire screen. Urine and feces were easily separated and collected through the neck of the jug. This new "proxy" set was tested and compared with the standard swivel assembly parameters in rats infused by either method. However, the cost of the new set (excluding pump) was almost 90 times less than its commercially available counterpart. This self constructed approach should bring small animal research within the economic means of the most investigators.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional support of the hospitalized patient.

Malnutrition is being recognized more frequently in hospitalized patients. Clinically significant malnutrition is defined as nutritional deficits that have serious adverse effects on the treatment and outcome of illness. The anergic metabolic profile is a simple method of assessing nutritional status. New techniques of enteral and parenteral nutritional support can stop or reverse the progression of malnutrition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

The efficacy of nutritional support in the elderly.

One hundred two consecutively nutritionally supported patients were studied to determine the effect of age on the response to nutritional support and outcome of hospital stay. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 37) consisted of all patients under 65 years of age, and group 2 (n = 65) consisted of patients 65 years of age and older. All patients underwent a complete nutritional assessment prior to the initiation of nutritional support and weekly thereafter. The patients' somatic compartments were assessed using weight, arm muscle circumference, creatinine height index, and triceps skinfold thickness. The visceral compartments were assessed using serum albumin level, transferrin total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level, and total lymphocyte count. Nitrogen balance was evaluated and cell-mediated immunity was determined using a standard battery of antigens. The patients' nutritional assessment parameters at the start of therapy were compared with those at discharge or death and correlated with outcome of hospital stay. The difference in crude mortality rates between the two groups was statistically significant; however, there was no significant difference between the type and degree of nutritional depletion and mean length of nutritional therapy between the two groups. There was also no significant difference between the degree of improvement or maintenance of somatic or visceral parameters, nitrogen balance, or cell-mediated immunity between the two groups. It is therefore concluded that age alone is not a deterrent to the use of aggressive nutritional support in the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Childhood versus adult onset obesity in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary weight reduction program.

The weight loss of 16 obese patients (greater than 130% ideal body weight) who participated for three months in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary weight reduction program was studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on the reported time of onset of their obesity. Childhood-onset obesity was defined in this study as marked weight gain by the age of 11. Adult-onset obesity was defined as weight gain occurring at 18 years of age or later. Each group of patients consisted of two males and six females. The childhood-onset obesity group lost significantly more weight than the adult-onset obesity group during this three-month period (19.45 +/- 3.6% versus 16.17 +/- 2.8%). This preliminary study suggests that patients with childhood-onset obesity tend to lose more weight in a comprehensive multidisciplinary weight reduction program than patients with adult onset obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Home enteral and parenteral nutritional support: a comparison.

Eighteen patients requiring intensive outpatient nutritional support were prospectively reviewed to compare the application of enteral and parenteral approaches. Nine patients received home enteral nutritional support (HEN) for a period of 2 to 15 months via Micro Feeding jejunostomy (MFJ) tubes. The other nine patients received home parenteral nutritional support (HPN) for a period of 3 of 32 months via Broviac catheters. The nine patients on HEN for a period of 2 to 15 months had a mean increase in weight, tricep skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, and serum albumin of 9.9 kg (p less than 0.001), 2.5 mm (p less than 0.01), 3.7 cm (p less than 0.05), and 0.73 g/dl (p less than 0.02), respectively. One patient suffered accidental loss of the MFJ tube; otherwise there were no significant complications. The nine patients on HPN for a period of 3 to 32 months had a mean increase in weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, and serum albumin of 8.5 kg (p less than .001), 3.5 mm (p less than 0.05), 3.4 cm (p less than 0.05), and 1.09 g/dl (p less than 0.001), respectively. Three patients each experienced one episode of catheter sepsis. These complications were far more serious than arising from the MFJ tube. In addition, the average cost of HPN was found to be 10 to 20 times greater than that of HEN. It is concluded that HEN should be selected over HPN as the course of therapy in all possible cases and that the MFJ tube is a safe, useful, and cost-effective approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A protocol for nutritional assessment in a community hospital.

A nutritional assessment protocol established by the Metabolic Support Service of three Chicago community hospitals has aided the support teams in providing optimal nutritional care. The assessment procedure described includes evaluation of the somatic and visceral protein compartments, cell-mediated immunity, and nitrogen balance. Through weekly repetitions of these indexes, nutritional assessment has become the objective basis for the diagnosis of the type and degree of malnutrition as well as the basis for the selection of the appropriate nutritional support and the evaluation of its effectiveness.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

A probable endocrine basis for the depression of ketone bodies during infectious or inflammatory state in rats.

The effects of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Francisella tularensis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus as well as inflammatory stress induced by the administration of turpentine and endotoxin on plasma ketone bodies and insulin were studied in white rats. All of the infectious/inflammatory stresses caused a significant decrease in the ketonemia of fasting and an elevation of plasma insulin. When a pneumococcal infection was initiated in a diabetic rat, inhibition of fasting ketonemia did not occur. Similarly, pneumococcal infection in the hypophysectomized rat did not result in a noticeable depression of either fasting ketonemia or plasma FFA. The increase in circulating insulin appears to be closely correlated with the inhibition of fasting ketonemia noted in the infectious/inflammatory stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of inflammatory and noninflammatory stress on plasma ketone bodies and free fatty acids and on glucagon and insulin in peripheral and portal blood.

Inflammatory stress as characterized by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, administration of endotoxin, or the induction of a turpentine abscess is characterized by the inhibition of the ketosis assoicated with fasting and a decline in the level of free fatty acids in the plasma. Moreover, rats subjectd to these inflammatory stresses demonstrate a significant rise in peripheral and portal insulin and glucagon. Rats subjected to noninflammatory stresses, screen-restraint, or noninvasive femoral fracture did not demonstrate the inhibition of ketosis but did show a decrease in plasma free fatty acids. The noninflammatroy stresses did not show an abnormal elevation of plasma or portal insulin or glucagon.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Trace metal profile of parenteral nutrition solutions.

Zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and chromium were analyzed in commercially prepared total parenteral nutrition solutions of amino acid/protein hydrolysate, dextrose, lipid, and water from several manufacturers. Concentrations of each varied with both the manufacturer and the solution lot number, with the greatest differences observed for zinc (0.026 to 4.04 mg/liter) and iron (0.025 to 1.370 mg/liter). Since the consequences of prolonged total parenteral nutrition with trace-metal-deficient solutions are dependent upon the physical state of the patients, the duration of hyperalimentation and problems associated with trauma, it is recommended that the endogenous concentrations described be supplemented as needed for each patient. This need is difficult to determine, however, because little is known about the clinical effect of any trace-metal-deficiency state developing in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition.

Chromium↗
PubMed1978

Parenteral nutrition with essential amino acids in pretransplantation anephrics.

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation with essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose on nitrogen metabolism, total body urea and creatinine was studied in 16 patients with end-stage renal disease prior to and after bilateral nephrectomy, splenectomy and appendectomy. Parenteral essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose are effective in lowering blood urea nitrogen in anephric patients who are incapable of improving renal function. The inclusion of essential amino acids in hypertonic dextrose increases nutritional value far beyond that which can be attributed to the caloric concentration of the amino acids themselves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Protein-sparing therapy during pneumococcal infection in rhesus monkeys.

A model was developed in the rhesus monkey to determine if the marked wasting of body proteins associated with sepsis could be prevented by an intravenous supply of various nutritional substrates. All monkeys were given a basic infusion of 0.5 gm of amino acid nitrogen/kg body weight via an indwelling catheter in the jugular vein. Three groups were given diets with no added calories, 85 calories/kg from dextrose or 85 calories from lipid. In each group, six monkeys were inoculated with 3 x 10(8) Streptococcus pneumoniae and four with heatkilled organisms. In the monkeys infused with the amino acids alone, pneumococcal sepsis resulted in a fourfold increase in loss of body proteins compared with calorie-restricted controls. Addition of 85 calories/kg/day of either dextrose or lipid reduced body wasting associated with infectious disease. The calories from lipid were utilized bythe septic host as a source of energy, with a slightly reduced efficiency when compared with the isocaloric infusion of dextrose. The nitrogen sparing of the fat emulsion could not be accounted for by its glycerol content. Therefore, the septic monkey seemed to utilize fatty acids as an energy substrate. It appears that the carbohydrate calories tend to favor the synthesis of peripheral proteins (associated mainly with skeletal muscle), while lipid calories favor synthesis of visceral proteins such as plasma albumin and acute-phase proteins.

Amino Acids↗