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Biomedical subjects

M V Luk'ianov

Publications and source records attributed to M V Luk'ianov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Condition of the larynx affected by the laryngeal mask during general anesthesia].

A new generation artificial airway--a laryngeal mask (LM)--was examined for effects on a laryngeal function in general anesthesia. Topographic-anatomic characteristics of the upper respiratory tracts which make impossible an adequate wearing of LM as well as frequency and severity of laryngeal LM-induced complications were specified. The comparison of the changes in the laryngopharynx and larynx due to LM and endotracheal tube has demonstrated that LM is more safe for anatomic and functional state of the larynx and for mucosa of the upper respiratory tracts than the tube. LM provides general anesthesia in problematic intubation. Employment of LM raises quality of anesthesia, reduces the number of intra- and postoperative laryngeal complications in conduction of general anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of high-frequency ventilation of the lungs on the pulmonary and systemic circulations].

By means of ultrasonic method used in acute experiments on cats with open chest under nembutal narcosis the authors studied the linear and volumetric blood flow velocity in the ascending aorta and conus of the pulmonary artery, the balance between the cardiac output of right and left ventricles, as well as blood pressure (BP) in pulmonary and femoral arteries, the pulmonary microvascular bed under conversion from traditional to the high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). It was shown that under HFJV there were decreases in pulmonary BP and pulmonary vascular resistance, a reduction of right ventricular output, redistribution of blood to the general circulation. At the same time, in most experiments the linear blood velocity in the aorta and in the pulmonary artery, systemic BP, the general vessel resistance remained stable. HFJV, unlike conventional artificial lung ventilation did not cause any deformation of the pulmonary microvascular bed. There was an insignificant decrease of the capillary perfusion index. The change of such parameters as cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke index, cardiac in index in the central circulatory hemodynamics occurred 5 minutes following the same and unidirectional changes in the lesser circulation. The stabilisation of fundamental hemodynamic parameters took place from 10 to 20 minutes after conversion to HFJV.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of high-frequency ventilation of the lungs on the pulmonary and systemic circulations in microembolism of the pulmonary artery].

The linear and volumetric blood flow velocity in the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery conus, right-left ventricular ejection balance, pulmonary and femoral arterial blood pressures, pulmonary microcirculation in fat pulmonary microembolism induced during the routine and high-frequency jet lung ventilation (HFJLV) were studied by ultrasonic techniques in acute experiments on cats with open chest under nembutal narcosis. Pulmonary microembolism was shown to resulted in 487 and 252% increases in pulmonary vascular resistance during the routine and HFJLVs, respectively. There were also 167 and 127% increases in mean pulmonary pressure and 60 and 34% decreases in the volumetric velocity of pulmonary blood flow. The linear velocity of pulmonary blood flow was unchanged with routine lung ventilation, whereas it decreased by 68% with HFJLV. Microembolism impaired the balance between right and left ventricular ejections with blood being redistributed into the greater circulation. The imbalance lasted 5-7 min during HFJLV, while with the routine lung ventilation it was preserved up to the end of the experiment, and systemic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance decreased. Alveolar edema developed in interstitial pulmonary edema. The animals' death occurred 40-60 min later.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Assessment of fluid balance and several hemodynamic parameters in lung surgery using the method of impedance plethysmography].

The hemodynamic effects of different modes of controlled ventilation (CV) were studied by means of impedance plethysmography in 52 anesthetized patients during surgery on the lungs, trachea, and bronchi. To adapt this investigation technique to the conditions of the operating room, a specially designed device was applied for extracorporeal measurement of electric resistance of the blood flow. It was found that impaired transcapillary exchange of fluid in the lungs and its accumulation in the interstitial spaces were secondary to the operated lung collapse irrespective of the composition of the inhaled gas mixture used for the controlled ventilation of the contralateral lung. A differential approach to the ventilation of the dependent and independent lungs using the conventional and high-frequency CV modifications allows for an optimal compensation for the damaged transcapillary exchange of fluids in the lungs, is most physiological, sparing, and organ-saving.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative study of electric excitability and metabolism in the assessment of vitality of the ischemized muscles of the amputated limb before replantation].

The authors have studied the dynamic changes of metabolic processes and the functional and the structural preservation of the muscles under the influence of heat ischemia (18-21 degrees C) on 29 amputated posterior extremities of 21 adult dogs of the both sexes. It has been shown that direct muscle excitability disappears 5 hours after the influence of heat ischemia, although after 6 hours of observation the values of the metabolic processes in the muscles made 35-40% of the basic level. The character of the changes in the muscle excitability gives an idea of the duration of action of heat ischemia and the preservation of vitality of the amputated extremity only up to the moment of its complete disappearance. The final irreversible ultrastructural lesions of the overwhelming majority of the myocytes appear during the period of 6 to 8 hours of action of heat ischemia.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1982

[Electromyographic features of 3 forms of myotonia].

On the basis of a great body of examination data the electromyographic peculiarities of three forms of myotonia are analyzed. As a result, the authors come to a conclusion that in the third form of myotonia the function of muscular fibres is grossly impaired, this impairment following the pattern of their being put out of activity. This failure appears invariably during the muscle activity and leads, in the end to the clinically observed transient, and in more advanced cases, moderately permanent weakness of the muscles and their hypotrophy. In addition, data on synaptic apparatus involvement were also obtained. The time course of the development of those disorders, as regards the neuromuscular conduction and the distal parts of the muscular fibres is followed. In atrophic myotonia, certain peculiarities of the electrophysiological characteristics of the neuromuscular periphery were noted. In particular, a marked phase of secondary refractoriness was revealed. Thomsen's myotonia was found to differ substantially in the electrophysiological characteristics from the above two forms of the myotonia. Although in a number of cases it is difficult to class a particular case with one or another form of myotonia (this can be explained by an exceedingly great diversity of the biochemical peculiarities inherited by each individual) the differentiation of the above three forms of myotonia is justified from the viewpoint of both exploring the pathogenesis of the disease forms, and choosing the treatment method the most effective in this particular case. Of importance in solving these problems may be diversified electrophysiological examinations of the motor apparatus, and comparisons of their results with those of clinical examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Syndrome of constant muscle fiber activity (Isaacs syndrome)].

Two cases with expressed signs of a permanent muscular tension in the extremities with fasciculation (the Isaacs syndrome) and difficulties in self-service are described. In both cases the diagnosis was verified by typical EEG changes and a good effect from the use of a diphenylhydantoin or finlepsin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of laryngeal mask in a female patient with expected difficult intubation, polyvalent allergy and high grade myopia].

Use of laryngeal mask in combination with gastric intubation permitted anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a female patient with disseminated osteochondrosis of the spine, expected difficult intubation, manifest polyvalent allergy, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, and high myopia. The risk of anesthesia was higher than surgical risk because of manifest concomitant diseases and aggravated anesthesiologic anamnesis. The operation was effective, anesthesia involved no complications, hemodynamics and gas exchange were stable, the patient awakened on the operation table and after recovery of adequate spontaneous respiration and muscular tone was transferred to resuscitation ward.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laryngeal mask: a new concept in maintenance of patency of the respiratory tract].

A laryngeal mask is, no doubt, a useful and indispensible device for the majority of adults and children subjected to surgery. Its application is simple and atraumatic, involving the minimal hemodynamic and somatic reactions. A laryngeal mask is a good alternative to facial mask and endotracheal intubation in a great number of clinical situations. Moreover, it provides blind and fibreoptic technique of intubation, though its role in emergency situations is still to be found out. Despite the evident necessity of further investigation, laryngeal masks can be safely used in clinical practice now.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the laryngeal mask in a female patient with an unpredictable difficult intubation].

A laryngeal mask was used after repeated ineffective attempts at intubation. Preoperative examinations failed to defect signs of a possible difficult intubation. Laryngoscopy showed a true glottis, but it was impossible to insert tube No. 6 in the trachea. Failure of attempts at intubation made us use a laryngeal mask for maintaining the patency of the upper airways. Anesthesia coursed smoothly in the presence of stable hemodynamics and gas exchange. Use of laryngeal mask helped solve the problem of unpredictable difficult intubation and provide reliable patency of the upper respiratory airways in a female patient with latent stenosis of the subglottal space.

Adult↗