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Biomedical subjects

M Vaeth

Publications and source records attributed to M Vaeth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Mortality, life expectancy and causes of death of mildly mentally retarded in Denmark.

Based upon the nationwide Danish registration, all cases with ICD 8 diagnoses 310 and 311 were drawn; 71% lived outside institutions. 7,134 persons were studied for the period 1 January 1976-3 March 1984 and examined in the central register for death, emigration, etc. 5.86%, 446 died during the observation period from 1 January 1976 to 31 March 1984. Mortality tables show estimated survival probability at the end of the 5-year intervals and the life expectancy at the start of the age intervals. Only small differences were found when comparing differences of mortality for sex and residence (institutions or outside institutions). By a linkage study with the Danish Central Register for causes of death in the National Health Service of Denmark, the causes of death were obtained. For males of the age 15-64 an excess mortality of malignant neoplasms, of diseases of the respiratory system, of congenital malformations, and of accidents were found. For females the pattern was less significant.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs on radiation-induced lung damage in mice.

The effect of adriamycin (ADM), bleomycin (BLM), cyclophosphamide (CTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX), mitomycin C (MM-C) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) on the radiation-induced lung damage in mice was assessed by the ventilation rate (VR) and the lethality. Single drug doses were administered 15 min before graded single doses of irradiation and at different intervals from 28 days before to 28 days after fixed radiation doses. ADM, BLM and CTX administered 15 min before irradiation enhanced the radiation response with dose effect factors (DEF) of 1.46, 1.56 and 2.35, respectively. The effect of MM-C presented a complex picture. The drug had no effect at administration 15 min before 14-20 Gy, but enhanced the radiation response if given 15 min before 6-12 Gy (DEF = 1.57). The radiation-modifying effect of ADM, BLM, CTX and MM-C was most pronounced when the drugs were given 15 min before irradiation. The effect of ADM was present when administered from 7 days before to 7 days after irradiation. BLM and CTX enhanced the radiation response at administration from 24 h before to 3 days after irradiation, and the effect of MM-C was observed when the drug was given from 24 h before to 24 h after irradiation. 5-FU, MTX and cis-DDP had no effect on the radiation response at any of the investigated intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mortality and life expectancy of Down's syndrome in Denmark.

Based on the register of all persons registered in the Danish National Service for the Mentally Retarded (DNSMR) with a diagnosis of Down's syndrome in the period 1 January 1976-31 December 1980, the persons were followed until 31 March 1984 (a total of 2412 Down's syndrome patients). The difference in mortality for patients in institutions and living outside was significant, with a higher mortality for women with residence in institutions than women living outside. Among males the mortality rate was not significantly different between the two types of residents. Of the total group, a survival rate of 82.4 was found at the end of the age group 5-9 years and this result is similar to recent results from Salford and Japan. Although the life expectancy for the Down's syndrome group has increased, the life expectancy for Down's syndrome at any given age compared with life expectancy for the background population during the above mentioned period was still lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

New prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix uteri.

The prognostic importance of a detailed histopathological grading system and the ploidy level as determined by flow cytometry were investigated in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The study included 79 patients, Stages Ib-III. A multiple regression analysis of different prognostic variables identified stage and size as highly correlated. Stage was a significant prognostic variable when size was excluded. The histopathological degree of differentiation held no significant prognostic information, but the ploidy level was highly significant in that respect and should be used for a rational planning of new treatment schedules.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

Renal effects of acute exposure to toluene. A controlled clinical trial.

Urinary excretion rates of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin were measured in 43 male printing trade workers and 43 age-matched male controls before and during exposure to toluene, 382 mg/m3, for 6 1/2 hours in a climate chamber. There were no significant changes in renal excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin during toluene exposure indicating that no causal relationship exists between moderate exposure to organic solvents and renal injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Renal effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. A clinical controlled trial.

Chronic effects of organic solvents on renal function were measured by creatinine clearances and urinary excretion rates of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin. Forty-three male printing trade workers occupationally exposed to different organic solvents for 9-25 years were compared with 43 age-matched male controls. No differences were found either in creatinine clearances or average basal levels of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin excretion rates, whereas a positive relation could be demonstrated between alcohol consumption on the day before the trial and urinary excretion rate of albumin. This investigation did not reveal any adverse renal effects of moderate chronic exposure to organic solvents in a group of active trade workers.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1985

Response of solvent-exposed printers and unexposed controls to six-hour toluene exposure.

The acute effects of toluene were studied in 43 male printers and 43 control subjects matched according to sex, age, educational level, and smoking habits. The mean age of the subjects was 36 (range 29-50) years. The printers had been exposed to solvents for 9 to 25 years during employment at flexo and rotogravure printing plants, while the controls had no history of solvent exposure. Each subject was exposed once in a climate chamber to either 100 ppm of toluene or clean air for 6.5 h preceded by a 1-h acclimatization period. The effects of toluene were measured from subjective votes with linear analogue rating scales on 16 items, and on the performance of 10 different tests measuring psychomotor skills, perceptual skills, and vigilance. Exposure to 100 ppm of toluene compared with exposure to clean air caused discomfort with complaints of low air quality, strong odor, fatigue, sleepiness, a feeling of intoxication, and irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Furthermore, the subjects exposed to toluene showed decreased manual dexterity, decreased color discrimination, and decreased accuracy in visual perception. There was no significant difference in the effects of toluene on printers compared to those of toluene on controls, but tendencies toward a greater sensitivity were seen for the printers in two tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between the dermal content and the 24-hour excretion of analytically identical glycosaminoglycans in humans.

Using a material consisting of related dermal specimens and 24-h urine samples from 17 psoriatics and 20 non-psoriatics it has been shown for the first time that the excretion of dermatan sulphate and a fraction of chondroitinase ABC resistant GAG ('heparan sulphate') are positively associated with the tissue content of the analytically identical glycosaminoglycans in dermis. The excretion of chondroitin 4/6 sulphate, total hydroxyproline and a peptide-bound fraction of this does not, however, mirror the tissue content of the corresponding constituents in dermis. There was no difference in the type of association between tissue and urine measurements in psoriatics and non-psoriatics. The results were analysed using multiple regression to avoid the unwanted effect of diverse concomitant variables (6 variables).

Chondroitin Lyases↗
PubMed1984

Testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Pathology of 1058 consecutive cases.

In the first five-year period of the Danish Testicular Carcinoma Study (DATECA) 1058 consecutive testicular germ cell tumours were examined. Of these, 554 were seminomas comprising 515 of typical type, 26 anaplastic and 13 spermatocytic; 497 were non-seminomas comprising 145 pure tumours and 352 mixed tumours of various types. Among the various subtypes of non-seminomas embryonal carcinoma (EC) was recorded in 87 per cent, endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour; EST) in 22 per cent, teratoma (T) in 55 per cent and choriocarcinoma (CC) in 17 per cent. Only very few tumours were pure EST or pure CC. Five tumours were recorded as 'others or uncertain'. The tumours were graded with regard to various histologic features. Moderate and severe necrosis, bleeding, and a large number of mitoses were significantly more frequent in non-seminomas. The presence of tumour tissue at the resection margin was also more frequent in non-seminomas. Tumours with a largest diameter of less than 2.5 cm had already caused metastases in 16 per cent of the seminomas and 29 per cent of the non-seminomas. Increasing size of the tumours was associated with increasing frequency of metastatic disease but this association was not directly proportional. Distribution of the various histologic types according to the stage of disease varied. Thus, 78 per cent of the seminomas presented in stage I while 54 per cent of the non-seminomas had localized disease. Anaplastic seminomas were distributed similarly to the non-seminomas while all spermatocytic seminomas, with one exception, were recorded as stage I. Of non-seminomatous subtypes pure EC was associated with the highest frequency of stage III, followed by mixed tumours containing CC components. Although the present series is large the heterogeneity of germ cell tumours demands further investigation of larger numbers to confirm some of the findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Results of treatment.

Over a 5-year period (1976-1980) 499 patients with non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours were included in the Danish Testicular Carcinoma Study (DATECA). The 3-year crude survival for patients in clinical stages I, II and III was 91, 77 and 45 per cent, respectively. In stage I the relapse-free survival for patients given radiation combined with bleomycin and vincristine was significantly higher than that for patients given radiation alone. No difference in the crude survival was observed. For stage II patients maintenance chemotherapy following radiation combined with bleomycin and vincristine did not improve relapse-free or crude survival. The survival of patients with non-seminomatous tumours improved significantly during the 5-year period. This improvement was probably due to the introduction of cis-platinum in the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors in testicular germ cell tumours. Experiences from 1058 consecutive cases.

Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the testis were studied in 1058 adult patients treated in Denmark from 1976 to 1980. Separate analyses of the prognostic factors were carried out within the subgroups formed by a classification of the patients according to main histologic type (seminoma, non-seminoma) and the clinicoradiologic stage (I, II and III). The prognosis was measured by relapse-free survival (stage I and II), and survival (stage II and III). The prognostic value of 19 clinical and histologic parameters was evaluated using logrank tests and multiple regression analyses. An elevated HCG level and the size of retroperitoneal metastases were associated with a significantly adverse prognosis for seminoma in stage II. For non-seminomas the following parameters had a significant influence on the prognosis. Stage I: postoperative HCG level, local invasion and number of mitoses. Stage II: size of retroperitoneal metastases, postoperative HCG level, tumour size and local invasion. Stage III: presence of liver or lung metastases, postoperative HCG level, presence of choriocarcinoma or endodermal sinus tumour, and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Human response to controlled levels of toluene in six-hour exposures.

The nasal mucus flow, lung function, subjective response, and psychometric performance of 16 young healthy subjects was studied during 6-h exposures to clean air and to 10, 40 or 100 ppm of toluene under controlled conditions. The toluene exposures did not affect nasal mucus flow or lung function. At 100 ppm irritation was experienced in the eyes and in the nose. There was a significant deterioration in the perceived air quality and a significant increased odor level during all exposures to toluene. The test battery investigated visual perception, vigilance, psychomotor functions, and higher cortical functions and comprised five-choice, rotary pursuit, screw-plate, Landolt's rings, Bourdon Wiersma, multiplication, sentence comprehension, and word memory tests. In these eight tests measuring 20 parameters, no statistically significant effects of the toluene exposure occurred. For three tests (multiplication errors, Landolt's rings, and the screw plate test) there was a borderline significance (0.05% less than p less than 0.10%). The subjects felt that the tests were more difficult and strenuous during the 100-ppm exposure, for which headache, dizziness, and feeling of intoxication were significantly more often reported. The exposures to 10 and 40 ppm did not result in any adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of sex, height and time of day on the excretion of glycosaminoglycans and the consequences.

A diurnal rhythm in the excretion of glycosaminoglycan-derived uronic acid with an increased excretion during daytime has been found in adults. Due to this rhythm a 24-h excretion was established as the optimum measurement of glycosaminoglycan turnover in tissue. Neither the excretion of uronic acid nor the uronic acid/creatinine ratio in the morning urine could predict the 24-h excretion of glycosaminoglycans as estimated by a statistical model. This model may also be of general interest in similar clinical problems. Compared with males, females had a lower excretion of glycosaminoglycans. Part of this discrepancy reflected a sex-difference in height, which was shown to be positively correlated with the excretion. On the other hand, the uronic acid/creatinine ratio was not influenced by height or sex. Body mass, age and urine output did not influence the ratio or the excretion of uronic acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calculating expected mortality.

The widely used 'person-years method' of calculating expected mortality has been discussed recently by several authors. In studies where mortality is either lower or higher than the standard mortality of some reference population, the use of exposure to death as an estimator of the expected number of deaths will generally lead to bias, always exaggerating the difference between study and standard mortality. This bias is examined in a proportional hazards model. The recent suggestion by Hartz et al.1 of calculating the mortalities of individuals during their 'potential follow-up time' is claimed to be only rarely feasible in practice.

Biometry↗