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Biomedical subjects

M Vanelli

Publications and source records attributed to M Vanelli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Circulating thyroid antibodies and thyroid function studies in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Significant high titres (1:400-1:25,600) of circulating thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) were found in the sera of 5 out of 59 non-ketoacidotic, insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients (mean age 14.5 years). Among these five patients (four females, one male), all of whom were over 11 years, two also had thyroglobulin antibodies. Increased thyrotropin (TSH) response to TRH was found in 3/5 MCHA positive patients and in 3/54 without circulating MCHA. Serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) average values were significantly lower (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001) in diabetics (7.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl and 10.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, means +/- SD) as compared to normal sex and age matched controls (8.9 +/- 1.9 micrograms/dl and 12.2 +/- 2.2 pg/ml, respectively). T4 and FT4 values were inversely related to the duration of the disease. Subnormal T4 values were found in six (five females and one male) patients, four of whom had subnormal FT4 values. No patient had low triiodothyronine (T3) and high reverse T3 (rT3) values, i.e. none displayed the biochemical pattern of the 'low T3 syndrome' described with ketoacidotic status. This indicates also a satisfactory compensation of IDDM in all the patients. At the time of study no patient (including also those with circulating MCHA and TGHA and with TSH hyper-response to TRH) showed either thyroid size enlargement or clinical features of thyroid dysfunction including impaired growth and bone age retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serum TSH, T4, T3, FT4, FT3, rT3, and TBG in youngsters with non-ketotic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Several parameters of thyroid function were studied in 112 non-ketoacidotic youngsters with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Levels of thyroxine (T4), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and T3 were lower than in controls, whereas FT4, and FT3 were normal. T4 levels in IDDM patients were positively related to T3, rT3 and TBG, and inversely related to haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). However, only 4 patients showed biochemical hypothyroidism (T4 less than 5 micrograms/100 ml), whereas their FT4, FT3 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were normal. Concurrent variations of T3 and rT3 levels were found in IDDM patients; thus, their T3/rT3 ratios were stable or higher than in controls, indicating that peripheral deiodination of T4 is preferentially oriented to production of rT3 only during ketoacidosis. Although changes in thyroid function may reflect the degree of metabolic control of diabetes in a large population, the clinical usefulness of serum thyroid hormone measurements in an individual case still appears to be limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Precocious puberty in a male with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome.

True precocious puberty is reported in a male child with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome. The diagnosis of precocious puberty was made at 8 6/12 years of age when a spontaneous migration of previously unpalpable testes (mean volume = 5 ml), an increase in penis length (from 2 to 6 cm) and a growth spurt (8.4 cm/year) occurred. The follow-up until 13 years of age (bone age 15 years) showed a progressive pubertal development, facial acne (10 years), frequent spontaneous erections and ejaculations (11 years). Repeated endocrine and neuroradiological investigations were consistent with an idiopathic form of precocious puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Unilateral monorchidism and cryptorchism. Clinical and biological findings useful in the differential diagnosis].

Eighteen prepuberal children with only one testis palpable in the scrotum were studied in order to review the clinical and endocrinological data useful for differentiating monorchidism from unilateral cryptorchidism. Compensatory testicular hypertrophy, high LH and FSH response to LH-RH (100 micrograms/1.73 m2) and well preserved Leydig cell function after HCG (5,000 IU/m2) should lead to the diagnosis of monorchidism, either both congenital or secondary to severe atrophy of the unpalpable testis. When these findings are lacking the diagnosis of unilateral cryptorchidism should be considered.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Total IgE synthesis in diabetic children].

Antibodies (ICA and other organ-specific and non-organ-specific antibodies), HLA histocompatibility antigens and serum IgE levels were analysed in 27 diabetic children aged 2 to 14 years. The results obtained are as follows : 59% of examined subjects had ICA; the HLA-B8 incidence in our diabetic patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) than in normal population; serum IgE levels were higher than +1 SD in 67% of patients; this percentage reaches 76% in diabetics with ICA and 86% in diabetics with ICA and HLA-B8. Enhancement of IgE production could be the consequence of a reduction in the number and/or function of suppressor T lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children].

Two groups of children with severe diabetic ketoacidosis were treated with 2 different insulin regimens: the first with conventional intermittent intramuscular insulin injections (0.5-1.0 U/kg/3-4 hrs), the second, with continuous low-dose insulin infusion (0.05-0.1 U/kg/hr). Therapeutic effects were compared. Compared to the conventional regimen, low-dose insulin infusion showed several advantages: 1) better control of blood glucose level, 2) no risk of hypoglycemia and hypokaliemia, 3) rapid decrease of urinary ketone bodies and 4) gradual acidosis correction. When associated with a proper replacement of fluids and electrolytes, low-dose insulin infusion appeared to be a simple and effective regimen in the treatment of children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Premature thelarche and precocious puberty. Clinical findings and endocrinological data useful for differential diagnosis].

Clinical features, urocytogram and gonadotropin response to LHRH (100 microgram/1,73 m2 i.v.) were evaluated in 10 girls with premature thelarche and 4 girls with precocious puberty to purpose to describe the differences between the two diseases. The subjects with Premature Thelarche showed peculiar clinical and endocrinological characteristics which allowed their discrimination from patients with Precocious Puberty: 1) breast development of mild degree without any modification of nipples and areolae and not accompanied by pubic hair or morphologic changes of genitalia; 2) spontaneous regression of thelarche more or less complete (6/10 cases); 3) not anticipation of puberal maturation; 4) growth rate not accelerate (only a mild advancement of statural age was observed); 5) LH/FSH ratio at prepuberal levels; 6) mean LH peak values overlapping to those obtained in normal infants under 1 year of age. Our findings confirm that: 1) the girls with Premature Thelarche showed different growth pattern and clinical features than those observed in the girls with Precocious Puberty; 2) LHRH test and urocytogram are further valuable parameters for the differential diagnosis between Premature Thelarche and Precocious Puberty; 3) the isolated breast enlargement in girls under 8 years of age is likely to originate from a protracted gonadotropin hyperstimulation as in early life; 4) it is a variant of the normal, not difficult to asses, which merits, however further follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Accidental poisoning in children. Epidemiological study and their prevention].

A retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of accidental poisoning (A.P.) for children admitted to the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Parma between January Ist 1973 and December 31st 1978. A total of 218 cases of AP, equal to 2,2% of total number of admittances, were registered in this time period. The children were aged from 2 months to 13 years. The toxic substances were divided into two categories: medicinal and household products. The AP tend to increase in Summer (29,8%) and in Winter (30,7%). In this series there was only one fatal outcome (0,5%). Some norms for prevention are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Insufficiency of penis development (micropenis). Etiological data in a series of 25 cases].

The diagnosis of micropenis was made in 25 boys aged 1 month to 16 years. This abnormality was associated with hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency in 12 boys (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypopituitary growth failure, Prader-Willi syndrome), with testicular disorders in 5 boys (anorchia, testicular dysgenesis). In the other 8 the micropenis was an isolated finding but the testicular response to HCG and the LH response to LHRH was significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). The results suggest there may be isolated gonadotrophia deficiency. The variety of conditions that are responsible for micropenis suggest that testosterone deficiency is an important causative factor. HGH may also be important as the penis may be small in HGH deficiency and growth occurs with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation of the pituitary reserve of gonadotropins and seminal function of the testis in subjects operated for cryptorchism].

76 patients (prepuberal, puberal and adults) who had undergone surgery for monolateral (35) or bilateral (41) cryptorchidism in childhood were studied. Testicular volume (76 cases), seminiferal function (18 cases) and pituitary gonadotropin reserve (51 cases) were evaluated. We obtained the following results: 1) the prepuberal patients had a normal testicular volume, while 70% of the puberal and adult patients had a mean testicular volume below normal levels. 2) 55.6% of the adults who underwent spermiogram had a pathological seminiferal function. 3) The number of patients whith exagerated gonadotropin response to GnRH-test increases with increasing puberal stage and reaches its highest significance after complete puberal development. These data confirm that: 1) the long permanence of one or both testis out of their natural position has a negative influence on their trophism; 2) the long-term prognosis of the tubular function of the testis after orchidopessis is poor in a high percentage of cases. 3) the endocrine anomalies which follow the early morphologic and functional changes of the cryptorchid testis are more easily detected during puberty as a reduced hypothalamic feedback of the gonadotropin secretion.

Adolescent↗