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M Vernooij-Dassen

Publications and source records attributed to M Vernooij-Dassen.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Impact of diagnostic disclosure in dementia on patients and carers: qualitative case series analysis.

Adequate diagnostic information can be considered a basic intervention in dementia care. However, clear diagnostic disclosure in dementia is not yet regular practice and the evidence regarding patients' preferences for or against disclosure is scarce. The aim of this study was to give an in-depth description of the impact of receiving the diagnosis of dementia, both on patients and the patients' proxies. The method used was the design of a grounded theory interview study. Analysis of the interviews revealed that disclosure had an impact on three key domains: awareness of dementia, partnership, and social relationships. Most patients and carers reported that they had experienced the disclosure of the diagnosis as a confirmation of their assumptions. A minority of patients and carers felt threatened and shocked by the diagnosis, because they did not expect it. The findings of this analysis challenge current opinions and practice about diagnostic disclosure like obstacles anticipated by clinicians such as inducing negative feelings and causing harm. Disclosure of the diagnosis of dementia can generally be carried out without introducing stress for the patient or carer and facilitates guidance. Therefore regular practice should include the careful planning and performance of diagnostic disclosure.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Understanding obstacles to the recognition of and response to dementia in different European countries: a modified focus group approach using multinational, multi-disciplinary expert groups.

Experts from eight European countries (Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and the disciplines of clinical psychology, general practice, geriatric medicine, old age psychiatry, medical sociology, nursing and voluntary body organisation met in 2003 to explore obstacles to recognition of and response to dementia in general practice within Europe. A modified focus group methodology was used in this exploratory process. Groups were conducted over a two-day period, with five sessions lasting 1-1.5 hours each. An adapted nominal group method was used to record themes arising from the group discussion, and these themes were used in a grounded theory approach to generate explanations for delayed recognition of and response to dementia. The overarching theme that arose from the focus groups was movement, which had three different expressions. These were: population movement and its consequences for localities, services and professional experience; the journey of the person with dementia along the disease process; and the referral pathway to access services and support. Change is the core issue in dementia care, with multiple pathways of change that need to be understood at clinical and organisational levels. Practitioners and people with dementia are engaged in managing emotional, social and physical risks, making explicit risk management a potentially important component of dementia care. The boundary between generalist and specialist services is a particular problem, with great potential for dysfunctionality. Stigma and ageism are variably distributed phenomena both within and between countries.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Cognitive impairment, dementia and quality of life in patients and caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of cognitive impairment and severity of dementia on the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their caregivers. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study within the NAtional Dementia Economic Study. SETTING: 231 general practices and 15 specialist clinics in Belgium. SUBJECTS: 605 patients aged > or = 65 years: 106 referent subjects without cognitive impairment (R), 113 subjects with cognitive impairment and no dementia (CIND), 386 subjects with mild (83), mild/moderate (108), moderate (62) or severe (133) dementia (D1 to D4). OUTCOME MEASURES: QoL of patients: COOP/WONCA charts, Katz's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. QoL of caregivers: COOP/WONCA charts, SF-36 questionnaire, short-form Beck Depression Inventory, Sense of Competence questionnaire (SCQ). MAIN RESULTS: QoL of patients: For R, CIND and D1 to D4 patients, dependence for ADL reached 5%, 6%, 16%, 20%, 48% and 79%, respectively, and mean IADL scores were 5.6, 5.0, 3.4, 2.0, 0.6 and 0.1, respectively. QoL of caregivers: The main impact of caregiving was on mental health, with SF-36 MCS scores of 51.3, 47.7 and 45.4 for R, CIND and all D patients and respectively 32.6%, 31.3% and 42.5% depression prevalence. Sense of competence decreased with severity of patient's cognitive impairment. Caregivers of CIND patients always rated intermediate between R and D1 patients. Caregivers of D3 patients were the most affected ones. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that improving the cognitive status of patients and providing assistance to caregivers would be complementary ways of action to support caregiving of patients living at home.

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PubMed2003

[The measurement of sense of competence in caregivers of patients with dementia].

BACKGROUND: In the context of a cohort study on the socio-economic consequences of dementia in Belgium, we evaluated the validity, reliability and feasibility of the French version of the Dutch Sense of Competence questionnaire (SCQ), and of its short version (the SSCQ), in caregivers of demented patients The questionnaire was based on Zarit's burden interview and on a theoretical family-crisis model. METHODS: Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis and by comparison of the results with those of the original SCQ study. Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and by item-total correlations. Feasibility was assessed by a standardized index of missing values. RESULTS: The three domains found in the original SCQ were identified by factor analysis: consequences of involvement in care for the personal life of the caregiver, satisfaction with one's own performance as a caregiver and satisfaction with the elderly person as a recipient of care. The mean scores were similar to those in the original study, except for the consequences for personal life. Cronbach's alpha for both the SCQ and the SSCQ exceeded the 0.70 criterion. Two of the 27 items did not meet the item-total correlation criterion; the SSCQ items all met the criterion. The standardised index of missing values was deemed acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The French versions of the SCQ and the SSCQ are valid and reliable. Like the Dutch version, the French version of the SCQ can be a useful outcome measure for the evaluation of intervention studies and the SSCQ is suitable for the daily practice.

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PubMed2001

CAMDEX, can it be more efficient? Observational study on the contribution of four screening measures to the diagnosis of dementia by a memory clinic team.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of the CAMDEX by exploring the contribution of its four main screening measures to the diagnosis of dementia at a memory clinic. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on the diagnostic practice in a memory clinic regarding all consecutively referred patients who came for a first assessment. A standardised examination based on the CAMDEX included three cognitive tests (CAMCOG, MMSE, IMCT) and a test for functional competence (BDS). The predictive value of the tests was estimated by uni- and multivariate analysis with the clinical dementia diagnosis (yes/no) as dependent variable, taking into account the patients' age, education, gender and sensory ability. RESULTS: Of the 180 patients consecutively referred, 150 completed the assessments and entered the study. Multivariate analysis revealed that the CAMCOG-score contributed most to the clinical diagnosis and was consistent with 84% of the clinical diagnoses using the conventional cutoff 79/80. The CAMCOG-score correlated best with the clinical diagnosis, however, at a cutoff score of 81/82. Forty-one patients (27%) scored closely around (+/-5 points) the CAMCOG cutoff of 79/80. In this group 19 of the total of 23 deviations from the CAMCOG cutoff (83%) occurred. The patients' age, education, gender and visual ability explained some cases where the team's diagnosis deviated from the conventional cutoff score. CONCLUSION: Among four screening measures, after control, the CAMCOG was the only significant predictor for the clinical diagnosis of dementia. To gain efficiency, the screening measures of the CAMDEX protocol may be restricted to the CAMCOG. The interpretation of CAMCOG-scores around the cut-off is problematic. This indicates the need for reference values.

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PubMed2001

Applicability of diagnostic recommendations on dementia in family practice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the Dutch dementia guideline's recommendations, including the diagnostic criteria used by family practitioners, and to explore characteristics in both patients and family practitioners which are associated with the use of these recommendations. DESIGN: An observational study was set up with a sample of 64 family practitioners who were instructed to use the Dutch national dementia guideline on incident-suspected dementia patients. The applicability was expressed as the percentage of recommendations applied. The use of diagnostic criteria was checked by comparing the family practitioners diagnoses with the diagnoses received by integrating the registered symptoms according to the DSM-III-R criteria. Associations between the number of recommendations applied, and demographic and clinical features were explored. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) guideline applicability (ii) integrated use of DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: 107 patients were included. The average application rate of the guideline's 31 diagnostic key recommendations was 86% or 24.8 (SD 3.6). The family practitioners diagnoses were consistent with the expected DSM-III-R diagnoses in 26% of the cases (kappa = 0.1). A greater number of patients in a practice was positively associated with the use of recommendations. A need for referral by the family practitioners, and patients' denial of dementia were negatively associated with the use of recommendations. The presence of dementia and a patient's age were negatively associated with the use of the DSM-III-R criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The applicability of the diagnostic recommendations of the national Dutch dementia guideline in a representative sample of family practitioners was promising. Nevertheless, the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-III-R, which were part of the dementia guideline, provided little or no guidance to the family practitioners in their diagnostic decision-making. Clinical and demographic variables explained some of the variation in the use of recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

General practitioners on dementia: tasks, practices and obstacles.

The objective of the study was to identify the GPs' perception of their tasks, their practice and obstacles concerning the diagnosis and management of dementia. Twenty-eight GPs participated in focus-group interviews and completed a questionnaire. The GPs perceived their tasks to diagnose, inform and manage dementia patients and their relatives preferably from an early stage on and in such a way that patients are able to stay at home as long as possible. Nevertheless, the GPs diagnose usually in a more progressed stage. As main reasons for this delay the GPs mentioned diagnostic uncertainty during the early stages, embarrassment to conduct a cognitive examination and communicate the diagnosis, non-consulting patients and a lack of time. A discrepancy was found between the GPs' views of their tasks and their clinical practice regarding dementia. Important obstacles were reported that can explain the diagnostic delay and may prevent appropriate education of family caregivers in dealing with demented patients such as embarrassment to examine and communicate this condition.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic factors of effectiveness of a support program for caregivers of dementia patients.

In a randomized controlled study, positive effects were found of a support program for caregivers of dementia patients. The aim of this study is to identify in a secondary analysis the prognostic factors of success of the support program by comparing characteristics of patients and primary caregivers for whom the support program was effective with those for whom the program was not effective (n = 49 pairs of patients and caregivers). The theoretically based individualized support program which is presented in this article, was most effective with regard to primary caregivers' sense of competence for females sharing a household with the dementia patient. The program was most effective in reducing the number of patient admissions when patients did not receive support from a district nurse and the primary caregivers experienced less emotional support from the informal network. A proactive approach by offering this flexible support before caregivers ask for support may prolong the stage in which they feel able to care for patients at home. Offering this support to females, who usually are supposed to care for the patient without assistance, may be both effective and efficient.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Are general practitioners able to accurately diagnose dementia and identify Alzheimer's disease? A comparison with an outpatient memory clinic.

Since the introduction of agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and in order to increase understanding of a patient's changed behaviour, it has become particularly important that dementia is both diagnosed at an early stage and differentiated into its subtypes. This study aims to ascertain whether GPs were able to diagnose dementia and identify the type of dementia accurately and confidently. GPs were well able to assess the firmness of their own dementia diagnoses, which supposes that they are able to make appropriate selection for referral. Diagnostic support from a specialised team can particularly contribute to identifying the type of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The development of a dementia process within the family context: the case of Alice.

Qualitative analysis was used to analyse a diary written over a period of two years by the sister of a dementia patient. The analysis is directed at the question of how a patient and a social network respond to each other during the dementia process. The diary highlights features in the development of the dementia process which receive scant attention in empirical studies: changes in the interaction process between patient and social network; a patient's residual capacities; a caregiver's perceived rewards of caregiving. We designated three phases in the interaction process: the phase of recognition, the stable phase and the phase of destabilization. This diary illustrates how a stable phase in the interaction between patient and primary caregiver can be established. The caregiver derived rewards by noticing and using the patient's residual capacities and by a feeling of being useful. In this case caregiving is not unidirectional. The quality of future support programmes may be enhanced by combining programmes aimed to influence patient's behaviour and to support caregivers.

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PubMed1997

Predictors of change and continuity in home care for dementia patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of change in the sense of competence of primary caregivers and continuity in home care for dementia patients. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study with a follow-up period of 10 months. SETTING: Dementia patients living in the community selected by Dutch general practitioners. SUBJECTS: Pairs of demented patients and their primary caregivers (N = 138). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sense of competence: a 27-item scale (alpha = 0.79) based on issues derived from the family crisis model and the Burden Interview. Continuity in home care is determined by the number of patient's admissions to a nursing or retirement home. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed that a change in the caregiver's sense of competence was independently predicted by characteristics of the patient, the primary caregiver and the professional social network. A decreased sense of competence was associated with a longer duration of dementia and the patient's more agitated behaviour, the caregiver's higher initial sense of competence and being a female caregiver sharing a household with the demented patient. A positive influence on the change in the sense of competence was found when these females received a professional intervention consisting of support for the caregiver. Reporting to be a Catholic or a Protestant compared with not being religiously involved positively influenced the change in sense of competence. Logistic regression analysis identified that continuity in home care was predicted by characteristics of the demented patient and the professional social network of the patient. Predictors of continuation of home care were: lower severity of dementia, patient's higher ADL impairment, the intervention and involvement of regular home help. Institutionalization was more likely when the patient's behaviour was more apathetic and a district nurse was involved in the care. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver characteristics influenced the change in sense of competence but did not influence the risk for institutionalization. Findings suggest that health professionals should pay attention to the negative consequences of agitated behaviour and to the most vulnerable group, females sharing a household with the demented patient.

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