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M Votava

Publications and source records attributed to M Votava.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Results of microbiological examination of 12,064 blood cultures in patients with suspected bacteremia].

During 1991 to 1993 12,064 blood cultures from patients with suspected bacteraemia were examined in a newly established Microbiology Department of the Brno-Bohunice Faculty Hospital. A total of 1,790 (14.8%) blood cultures were positive, 746 (6.2%) were contaminated. The incidence of positive blood cultures was 7.1/1,000 patients admitted in 1991, 10.0/1,000 in 1993. From the positive blood cultures 853 different microbes were isolated: 486 gram-negative bacteria (56.9%), 315 gram-positive ones (36.9%), 9 anaerobes (1.1%) and 44 yeasts (5.2%). In 69 cases (3.8%) more than one agent was recovered from one blood culture. The most frequently isolated microbes were gram-negative non-fermenting rods other than P. aeruginosa (15.7%), E. coli (12.1%), S. aureus (11.4%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.1%). From direct inoculation of blood 22.6% blood cultures were positive, and another 55.3% positive after 1-day growth in broth. In 1993 there were 306 patients with positive blood cultures; in those blood for the culture was collected during the first 48 hours after admission: in 76 (32.7%) admitted to medical wards, in 7 (9.6%) to surgical wards. The mortality of patients with positive blood cultures was 23.5%.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1995

[Antibacterial effects of antiseptics in vitro and in an experiment in vivo].

The effect of topical antiseptics routinely used in the Department of plastic and aesthetic surgery was tested against bacteria commonly infecting burns and major skin defects. In vivo, the effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined, in vitro also on Proteus mirabilis. A very good effect on tested microorganisms was observed with 0.1% Persteril, Peruvian balsam and Dermazin crm. (Lek, Ljubljana). Gentian violet in a 0.5% concentration and 3% boric acid were not effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.05% permanganate and 2% Jodonal were moreover not effective against S. aureus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Serologic detection of microbial diseases--present status and perspectives].

The cost of serological diagnostic products amounts to more than a quarter of total laboratory material expenses. The major problem in serological diagnostics is correct interpretation of the presence of specific antibodies. Aspects influencing diagnostic conclusions drawn from serological finding include: 1. Features of infectious agents and pathogenesis of infection. 2. Principle of serological assay. 3. Condition of antigen used in the assay. 4. Individual reactivity of the patient. 5. Temporal data and data on the course of the disease. Modern serological methods such as ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence have, compared to classical techniques (i.e. complement fixation test, agglutination, immunoprecipitation and neutralization), a number of advantages. Nevertheless, they also have drawbacks of and classical methods should be used at least in selected cases for a number of years in future. Novel approaches such as immunoblotting, body fluid antibody detection, IgA and IgE determination and low avidity antibody detection are gaining importance and promise new insights.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of Rhodococcus equi antibodies in human serum].

The authors investigated in sera of patients with pneumonia the presence of antibodies against the equi factor Rhodococcus equi. For examination they used agar immunodiffusion and a test for neutralizing the equi factor. Some 110 sera of different donors were examined. In agar immunodiffusion they used the equi factor as antigen either in the separated form or equi factor produced by the growing strain of R. equi. The neutralization test was implemented on agar media with red blood cells sensitized with staphylococcal beta-haemolysin. In all serological tests 27 sera reacted positively only by precipitation 30 sera, while 53 sera did not contain antibodies against the equi factor. The authors discuss the impact of the assembled results and the possible participation of R. equi in human disease.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of 2 methods of detecting slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci].

In the series of 212 coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated from blood cultures, in which the slime production was tested by means of two methods--a method using agar with Congo red and a Christensen method--S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis were identified most frequently (in 69.3%, 18.4% and 6.6%, respectively). The slime production was detected by both methods in 28 strains (13%) of four species, most often in S. epidermidis (in 17%). By comparing the Congo red agar method with the Christensen method the sensitivity and specificity of the former was determined (85% and 99%, respectively). Thus the Congo red agar method for the detection of slime production by staphylococci seems to be a reliable tool.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1992

[A new modification of the horse erythrocyte agglutination test for the detection of heterophilic antibodies in infectious mononucleosis].

The new modification (HEA test) is based on the presence of a singularly distinct agglutination of native horse erythrocytes in a serum dilution 1:10 and more from cases with Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. In 1665 sera the HEA test was equally often positive as the OCH test (in 5.2%) whereas the IM test with formal-treated horse erythrocytes was positive only in 3.7%. The sensitivity of the IM test in comparison with the OCH test was 61%, the specificity 99.5%. The sensitivity of the HEA test in comparison with the OCH test was 76%, the specificity 98.7%. The specificity of the HEA test in a group of 52 sera without IgG antibodies to EB-viral capsid antigen (EB VCA) was 94%, in another group of 130 sera from hepatitis cases it was 98%. In 103 pairs of sera from infants aged 1-5 years the positivity of the OCH test, HEA test, IgM antibodies to EB VCA and the four-fold rise in the titre of EB-viral IgG were, 20%, 16%, 23% and 24% respectively. Analogous values in 159 pairs of sera from older subjects were 42%, 40%, 38% and 29%. The HEA test is recommended as useful adjunct to the OCH test for the detection of heterophile antibodies even in young children.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

[Serologic diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children].

In 116 children admitted to hospital with tonsillitis of varying types and suspected infectious mononucleosis resp., antibodies, of the IgM class against the EB virus VCA were detected in 27%, a quadruple increase of IgG antibodies in 20% and a negative finding of IgG antibodies also in a second serum sample in 24%. In another group of 51 children admitted with suspected infectious mononucleosis IgM antibodies were found in 47%, a fourfold increase of IgG in 53% and a negative finding of IgG in 10%. In sub-groups of 25 and 30 children resp. from the above groups it was possible to compare the results of specific serology of the EB virus with tests for heterophil antibodies in two serum samples. IgM antibodies were detected in 40% and 50% of children resp., a fourfold rise of IgG in 20% and 67% of children resp., the absence of IgG in 20% and 7% of children resp. Paul-Bunnell reaction was positive in 64% and 60% resp., the OCH-test in 60% and 70% resp., Tomcsik reaction in 16% in the first sub-group and the IM-test in 60% in the second sub-group. In younger children (1-5 years) positive Paul-Bunnell and Tomcsik reactions were less frequent. The IM-test was not positive in any of the children in this age group. An EB-virus aetiology was proved in all types of tonsillitis, least frequently in angina streptococcia (11%), most frequently in angina pseudomembranosa (46%) and mononucleosis infectiosa susp. (54%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Slime production, hemolysis and proteolysis in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in hemoculture from humans].

Of 162 strain of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from haemocultures most frequently the following were identified: S. epidermidis (56.8%), S. haemolyticus (17.3%) and S. hominis (14.2%). By means of the STAPHYtest first 138 strains were assessed (85.2%). Mucus formation was proved in 26 strains (16.0%) of six different species. Haemolytic activity was present in 131 strains (80.9%) in seven species, significantly more frequently in S. haemolyticus. Proteolytic activity was displayed by 118 strains (72.8%) of all nine identified species, significantly more often in S. epidermidis. Mucus and protease formation, haemolysin and protease formation as well as simultaneous formation of all three factors was observed most frequently in S. epidermidis. Strains of S. epidermidis thus have more frequently signs considered virulence factors than strains of the other species of coagulase negative staphylococci.

Coagulase↗
PubMed1986

Induction of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA synthesis inhibition by patulin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, and aflatoxin B1 in cell lines CHO and AWRF.

Four mycotoxins, patulin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), were compared for their cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis inhibition and DNA damage in CHO and AWRF cells. The concentrations causing a 50% inhibition of colony formation in CHO cells were 0.07, 33, 31, and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively, for patulin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, and AFB1. Values obtained for AWRF cells were 0.011, 6.4, 6.7, and 0.15 micrograms/ml, respectively. Patulin strongly inhibited DNA synthesis in both CHO and AWRF cells, at concentrations over 4 micrograms/ml. Ochratoxin A and citrinin elicited mild inhibition of DNA synthesis (up to 20%) at concentrations greater than 50 micrograms/ml. AFB1 at concentrations over 5 micrograms/ml strongly inhibited DNA synthesis in AWRF cells but stimulated DNA synthesis in CHO cells. In accordance with these findings, AFB1 induced single-strand breaks in the DNA of AWRF cells only. Patulin induced about the same levels of DNA breaks in both types of cells, at concentrations greater than 2 micrograms/ml. Citrinin and ochratoxin A produced DNA breaks in CHO cells, at a very high concentration of 200 micrograms/ml. The number of breaks induced in AWRF cells was not statistically significant. The results suggest that the different effects of AFB1 on CHO and AWRF cells are due to the different ability of these cells to metabolize AFB1 to the ultimate carcinogen AFB1-8,9-oxide by microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent oxygenases. The effects of the other mycotoxins not requiring the metabolic activation were comparable for both cell types.

Aflatoxin B1↗