Human response to four tetanus vaccines with differing potency when assayed in animals.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M W Bentzon.
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It has been traditional practice in many countries to let revaccination with BCG depend on the outcome of periodically repeated tuberculin testing. Acquired resistance to tuberculosis and tuberculin skin sensitivity are concomitant results of BCG vaccination, and it is apparently inferred that a waning resistance will be faithfully reflected in a waning tuberculin sensitivity. However, it has been demonstrated in recent years, both in man and in animals, that the waning of tuberculin sensitivity may be prevented merely by a repetition of the tuberculin test, while data presented in this and a following report indicate that tuberculin testing has no such influence on the course of BCG-induced resistance to tuberculosis.
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A yellow fever immune serum was established in 1962 by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the International Reference Preparation of Anti-Yellow-Fever Serum, intended to serve as an immune reference serum in the mouse protection test used in the control of yellow fever vaccines.Before its establishment as the International Reference Preparation, the proposed material was assayed in eleven laboratories in ten countries against a number of other immune and non-immune sera, and was found stable. Neutralization test results were consistent and the relative potency was sufficiently high. This paper not only reports on the collaborative assay, but also discusses errors in the testing method and problems connected with the distribution of mouse deaths during the observation period and with the preparation of dilutions.
Of the 15,170 cases of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus that occurred in Denmark between 1959 and 1988, we review 525 cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and 185 cases of septic arthritis that developed subsequent to the bacteremia and 134 cases of contiguous osteomyelitis in which the bacteremia developed secondarily. The pattern of acute infections of bones and joints has changed over the three decades studied. The frequency of secondary bone or joint infections due to S. aureus bacteremia has changed, as have the phage-type pattern and antibiotic resistance of the infective strains. The prevalence of hospital-acquired cases has increased and the age distribution of patients has changed, as is reflected in an increasing number of older patients. The localization of hematogenous osteomyelitis has shifted, and the vertebral column is now the most common site of infection. The rate of chronic cases of osteomyelitis that occur following acute hematogenous osteomyelitis has been reduced from 34% to 6%. The mortality associated with S. aureus bacteremic infections of bones or joints is low compared to that associated with other cases of S. aureus bacteremia.