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Biomedical subjects

M W Hinds

Publications and source records attributed to M W Hinds.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk among men in Hawaii.

Preliminary analysis of dietary data collected from 188 male subjects with lung cancer and 294 controls, in an ongoing population-based case-control study in Hawaii, indicate that dietary cholesterol is positively and significantly associated with lung cancer risk after statistically adjusting for age, ethnicity, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to lung carcinogens. The increased lung cancer risk associated with high dietary cholesterol appears to be consistent in all five major ethnic groups in Hawaii.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii.

Incidence rates for many sites of cancer show wide variations among the main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, and Hawaiians). Major shifts in cancer rates among migrants to the islands suggest that environmental factors are at least in part responsible for these variations. One prominent area of difference among these ethnic populations is their diets, which can vary substantially, not only in the consumption of particular food items but also in mean nutrient intakes. In aggregate correlational analyses based on data from representative samples of these ethnic groups and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates, we found significant associations between ethnic-sex-specific intakes of dietary fat (including total fat, as well as animal, saturated, and unsaturated fats) and breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers. Animal protein intake showed associations similar to those for dietary fat, but these two nutrients were highly correlated in the data. Cholesterol intake showed significant correlations with lung and laryngeal cancers. Analyses of both nutrient and food item data suggested an association of stomach cancer incidence with the consumption of fish products, particularly dried/salted fish, and with a lower intake of vitamin C. Preliminary findings from ongoing case-control studies showed the following relationships: an inverse association between lung cancer risk and the intake of food sources of vitamin A, especially foods containing carotenes; an inverse association between cancers of the lower urinary tract and vitamin A consumption, especially from supplements; a positive association between prostate cancer risk and dietary fat intake in men above age 69, but not in younger men; and a positive association between breast cancer risk and the intake of dietary fat (particularly saturated fat) and animal protein in postmenopausal women, especially the Japanese. Two large cohorts (50,000 and 5,000 subjects) on whom dietary information was collected between 1975 and 1980 are being followed prospectively for their occurrence of cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Hawaii--an update.

In an examination of the descriptive epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Hawaii for the period of 1960 through 1980, we identified 589 cases of invasive disease. On analysis, we found that the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma increased substantially among all age groups, both sexes and all anatomic sites in whites during the study period. In contrast, little change in incidence was found for nonwhites. Our findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation is a causal factor for the occurrence of this condition among whites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women.

We ascertained prior pulmonary tuberculosis infection in 211 non-Caucasian female lung cancer patients and 419 sex, race, ape, smoking history and birthplace-matched control subjects by searching the Hawaii State Tuberculosis Branch patient records. Among never-smokers we found a significant increase in risk associated with prior tuberculous infection (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence limits = 1.3 to 54.4). No such association was found among smokers. Prior tuberculous infection was identified in only 5.5% of never-smoking lung cancer patients, however, suggesting that this factor is a relatively unimportant contributor to the etiologic aspects of lung cancer in persons who have never smoked.

China↗
PubMed1982

Smoking history and lung cancer survival in women.

The 12-month survival of 223 women with primary lung cancer was examined according to their smoking status given in the hospital record. A multivariate regression model was used to adjust simultaneously for age, tumor stage at diagnosis, tumor histology, and treatment. With adjustment for all these covariates, the 136 ever-smokers demonstrated a significantly greater probability of dying during the 12 months after diagnosis than the 87 never-smokers (odds ratio = 1.74; P = 0.023).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Nonsolar factors in the etiology of malignant melanoma.

Although epidemiological evidence supports the role of solar radiation in the etiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) among Caucasians, solar exposure alone cannot explain all the epidemiological patterns of MM. This cancer can arise from both noncutaneous and cutaneous sites not exposed to the sun. Evidence is lacking for the involvement of solar exposure in the etiology of most MM among non-Caucasians. Moreover, among Caucasians, skin pigmentation and other genetically determined factors appear to be important in the risk of MM. Trauma, dietary factors (particularly retinoids), hormone factors, occupational exposures, viruses, and drugs can also influence risk. Future investigations of these and other factors among Caucasians must be designed for control of potential confounding by solar exposure and genetically determined susceptibility. Epidemiological studies of MM among non-Caucasians would be useful in the identification of risk factors other than solar radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Differences in lung cancer risk from smoking among Japanese, Chinese and Hawaiian women in Hawaii.

The age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates among Japanese, Chinese and Hawaiian women in Hawaii do not correlate to their respective cigarette smoking exposures. We conducted a case-control study to determine the lung cancer risk associated with smoking among these three ethnic groups of women by reviewing the medical records of 176 Japanese, 67 Chinese and 132 Hawaiian lung cancer patients diagnosed from 1968 to 1978. Smoking histories, as well as socioeconomic indexes, for these cases were compared to those of 2,404 sex- and race-matched controls from the general population. Controlling for age and socioeconomic index, we found that lung cancer risk associated with smoking was greatest for Hawaiian (O.R.=10.5), less for Japanese (O.R.=4.9) and least for Chinese women (O.R.=1.8). While smoking was associated with a significant increase in lung cancer risk for all histologies among Japanese and Hawaiian woman, the risk was much greater for epidermoid and small-cell types than for adenocarcinoma. Among Chinese women, epidermoid and small-cell lung cancer were the only histologies showing a significant association with smoking. There was some suggestion that increased lung cancer risk was associated with a higher socioeconomic index after controlling for age and smoking, at least among Japanese born in Japan and Hawaiians with adenocarcinoma. The population risk for lung cancer attributable to smoking was found to be 79% for Hawaiian women, but only 44% for Japanese and merely 11% for Chinese women. Thus, we concluded that the majority of lung cancer occurring in Japanese and particularly Chinese women in Hawaii is due to factors other than cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Trends in the anatomical distribution of colorectal carcinoma in Hawaii, 1960-1978.

The incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma increased in the five major ethnic groups in Hawaii, but more in men than women. The highest rates were in the Chinese and Japanese. The site-specific time trend patterns revealed that the greatest increase occurred in rectosigmoid cancer, followed by cancer of the sigmoid colon and the transverse descending colon. Rectal cancer had minimal changes in rates over time. The comparison of site-specific rates between the Japanese in Hawaii and Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, showed that the occurrence of cancer of the rectosigmoid, sigmoid, and transverse descending colon was far greater in Hawaii than Miyagi with minimal differences in the rates of rectal cancer. The findings from this study indicate that the separate anatomical locations of colorectal cancer probably have some distinct etiologies that need further investigation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii.

A representative sample of 4657 adults greater than or equal to 45 years of age from the 5 main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos and Hawaiians) were interviewed during 1977-1979 regarding their diets. Quantitative food-consumption histories were obtained, from which average daily intakes of fat (saturated, unsaturated, cholesterol, meat, dairy, fish, animal, vegetable and total), protein (animal, meat, fish, dairy and total), carbohydrate, and vitamins A and C (including supplements) were calculated using food-consumption data from standard sources. Multiple regression analysis, with sex as a controlled variable, was used to assess the statistical relationship between these ethnic-sex-specific intakes and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates of 15 selected sites for which nutrient components are suspected to be either causal or protective. Based on pre-set criteria for establishing important relationships, significant positive associations were found for 6 of the cancer sites: breast cancer with fat (saturated, unsaturated, animal, total) and protein (animal), corpus-uteri cancer with the same components as breast cancer, prostate cancer with fat (saturated, animal) and protein (animal, total), stomach cancer with fat (fish only) and protein (fish only), lung cancer with cholesterol, and laryngeal cancer with cholesterol. Breast and corpus-uteri cancers also showed significant negative associations with carbohydrate intake. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Association of diet and place of birth with stomach cancer incidence in Hawaii Japanese and Caucasians.

Stomach cancer incidence rates were compared among four groups: Japanese in Japan, Japanese in Hawaii, Caucasians in Hawaii, and all American whites. The highest rates at all ages occurred in the Japan Japanese, followed next by the Hawaii Japanese. Hawaii Caucasians tended to have similar age-specific rates to American whites in general. When the Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii were divided by place of birth, the Japanese migrants to Hawaii had higher age-adjusted incidence rates than the Japanese born in Hawaii, while the Caucasian migrants to Hawaii (chiefly from the United States mainland) had lower rates than the Caucasians born in Hawaii. Examination of dietary data in relation to the place-of-birth-specific incidence rates showed positive association of stomach cancer with consumption of rice, pickled vegetables, and dried/salted fish, and a negative association with vitamin C intake. The results are consistent with the particular hypothesis that stomach cancer is caused by endogenous nitrosamine formation from dietary precursors, and that vitamin C may protect against the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Seasonal patterns of skin melanoma incidence in Hawaii.

We analyzed the seasonal pattern of diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin among Caucasians in Hawaii during 1960-1978. For all cases combined, a significant sine-wave pattern with a summertime peak was found. This pattern was most pronounced for melanoma of head and neck and lower extremities and for persons age 50 and over. These findings support the hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation may be a short-term promoter of some malignant melanomas of the skin.

Adolescent↗