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Biomedical subjects

M W Jones

Publications and source records attributed to M W Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Reactive microglia in hippocampal sclerosis associated with human temporal lobe epilepsy.

An immunoperoxidase method was used to demonstrate expression of HLA-DR (a Class II major histocompatibility antigen) as an indicator of microglial activation in cases of hippocampal sclerosis derived from temporal lobectomy for intractable seizures. HLA-DR-immunoreactive microglia were increased approximately 11-fold in CA1 and 3-fold in CA3, compared to control autopsy hippocampus. The numbers of HLA-DR-immunoreactive perivascular cells were also significantly increased in hippocampal sclerosis cases (9-, 7- and 6-fold increases in CA1, CA3 and CA2, respectively). Since animal studies have found microglial activation to be an acute or subacute response to injury, the results presented here suggest that, contrary to the classical conception of human hippocampal sclerosis as an inert scar, neuronal injury continues to occur as a result of ongoing seizure activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Statistical prediction of the optimal site for thalamotomy in parkinsonian tremor.

Stereotactic lesions in the thalamus for treatment of parkinsonian tremor are often made at the location where neurons fire at approximately tremor frequency (tremor cells). Some of these cells show a large amount of activity at tremor frequency and are significantly correlated with electromyographic activity (EMG) during tremor. Our analysis of cellular location identifies a cluster of neurons showing activity characterized both by concentration of power at tremor frequency and by significant correlation with EMG. In a retrospective analysis of results in 15 patients, lesions placed within 2 mm of the center of this cluster were uniformly effective in relieving tremor. Therefore, a small lesion targeting this cluster is effective in treatment of parkinsonian tremor.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1992

Fibrosarcoma-malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the breast. A clinicopathological study of 32 cases.

We report the clinical and pathologic features of 32 sarcomas of the breast with features spanning the spectrum of fibrosarcomas-malignant fibrous histiocytomas. Neoplasms were categorized as high- or low-grade lesions depending on a combination of the degrees of atypia and mitotic activity. The majority of high-grade lesions had marked (3+) nuclear atypia and at least five mitotic figures per 10 hpf. High-grade lesions with moderate (2+) nuclear atypia had a mitotic activity of six or more mitotic figures per 10 hpf. All low-grade lesions had five or fewer mitotic figures per 10 hpf, and none had a score of the nuclear grade times mitotic figures of more than 10. The average mitotic activity in low-grade lesions was two mitotic figures per 10 hpf; the high-grade lesions had 12 mitotic figures per 10 hpf. Sixty-nine percent of the low-grade fibrosarcomas-malignant fibrous histiocytomas showed mild (1+) cytologic atypia, and 69% of the high-grade lesions showed severe (3+) cytologic atypia. The herringbone pattern was associated with a more favorable prognosis than the malignant fibrous histiocytoma pattern. Compared to the high-grade lesions, low-grade fibrosarcomas-malignant fibrous histiocytomas were slow-growing, produced fewer recurrences, and did not metastasize. Of the 16 women with low-grade lesions, all were free of tumor at last contact, despite recurrence in more than half of the patients. In contrast, 31% of the patients with high-grade lesions died of tumor, and 13% were alive with disease. Twenty-five percent of women with high-grade lesions developed distant metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hoarseness after tracheal intubation.

The reported incidence of hoarseness following short-term tracheal intubation varies widely. It has been reported as being permanent in 3%. This suggests that an enormous problem exists considering the numbers of patients intubated daily in the United Kingdom. A prospective study of 235 adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia in a district general hospital included 167 patients whose tracheas were intubated. Of these 167, 54 (32%) complained of hoarseness postoperatively. All but five returned to normal within 7 days. The others were hoarse for 9, 10, 12, 54 and 99 days. Those who were hoarse for 54 and 99 days had vocal cord granulomata. Regression analyses showed that certain patient and anaesthetic factors had a significant effect on the hoarseness. This study confirms a low incidence of prolonged or permanent hoarseness following short-term tracheal intubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Detection of toxic viral-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in influenza-infected lung.

While many of the molecular events in viral replication are well studied, the molecular mechanisms by which viral infections trigger such constitutional symptoms as fever and 'malaise' are unknown. The hypothesis that these viral constitutional symptoms can be triggered by the toxic action of dsRNA associated with viral replication was investigated. Total lung RNA from mice acutely infected with PR8 influenza virus, but not from sham-infected mice, was shown to induce fever and altered sleep (excess slow-wave sleep, enhanced amplitudes of electroencephalographic slow waves, and reduced rapid eye movement sleep) when injected into the rabbit brain. Viral-associated dsRNA was shown to be responsible for the rabbit responses by differential nuclease digestion. Influenza viral dsRNA was directly demonstrated in the active lung RNA preparations by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques. The time course of the responses paralleled those seen in the same model inoculated with nanogram quantities of the synthetic dsRNA polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and suggested that they were mediated by induced cytokines. A model for the role of viral-associated dsRNA in eliciting both local cytotoxicity and viral constitutional symptoms is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hamartomas of the breast.

The clinical and pathologic findings of 17 hamartomas of the breast were studied. All neoplasms were evident as clinically and mammographically discrete masses. The pathologic findings were varied and included circumscribed fibrocystic disease, adenolipoma, fibroadenoma with fat and fibroadenoma with lobules. The heterologous elements identified were cartilage and smooth muscle. All lesions were treated by simple excision. In this study, four different microscopic patterns of hamartoma are described and the necessity for a close clinicopathologic correlation is pointed out in the diagnosis of this lesion.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal Ab B72.3 in benign and malignant breast disease.

A variety of benign and malignant breast lesions were evaluated for their reactivity with the monoclonal antibody B72.3. The lesions included invasive duct carcinoma (15 cases), apocrine carcinoma (18 cases, nine invasive and nine in situ lesions), well-differentiated (tubular) carcinoma (15 cases), invasive lobular carcinoma (10 cases) and lobular neoplasia (10 cases), intraductal hyperplasia (nine cases), atypical intraductal hyperplasia (eight cases), intraductal carcinoma (15 cases), sclerosing adenosis (15 cases), and apocrine metaplasia (24 cases). Only 20% of the invasive ductal carcinomas and 27% of the intraductal carcinomas showed a positive reaction for B72.3. Ten percent of the lobular neoplasias and 25% of the invasive lobular carcinoma reacted with B72.3. None of the 15 tubular carcinomas or the 15 cases of sclerosing adenosis reacted. One of eight examples of atypical intraductal hyperplasia (12.5%) showed a positive reaction, but none of the nine intraductal hyperplasias reacted with B72.3. The most consistently positive results were observed in cases displaying apocrine metaplasia. A positive reaction was observed in 23 of the 24 cases of apocrine metaplasia (96%) and 17 of 18 cases of apocrine carcinoma (94%). Thus we conclude that B72.3 is neither specific nor sensitive for the detection of malignant breast lesions. However, it does appear to be a valuable marker for the presence of apocrine differentiation, which is not a known precursor of carcinoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

A study of trauma in an Amish community.

An analysis of 272 Amish admissions to a community hospital over a 3-year period revealed 60 to be trauma related. The majority of the accidents were unique to the Amish community, with 26.7% horse and buggy related. Falls accounted for 20%, "hay hole" falls 8.3%, power saw injuries 8.3%, and horse drawn farm equipment 6.7%. The Amish are an exceptional group whose religious beliefs disallow the use of many modern conveniences such as automobiles and electricity. As with the general population, transportation played a major role as the main source of trauma in the Amish group; however, overall mortality and morbidity appear to be less.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

The relationship of documented destruction of specific cell types to complications and effectiveness in thalamotomy for tremor in Parkinson's disease.

Microstimulation and single unit recording techniques were used to explore the thalamus prior to performance of 18 thalamotomies in 13 patients. Identified tactile, kinesthetic and tremor-synchronous cells were mapped to scale. Lesion sizes were determined experimentally from lesions made in rat thalami and superimposed on the human maps. Effectiveness and complications were evaluated vis-à-vis documented destruction of tactile kinesthetic and tremor-synchronous cells.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1990

Condensing osteitis of the clavicle: does it exist?

Condensing osteitis of the clavicle was first described as a disease entity in 1974. There is painful localised swelling of the clavicle of undetermined origin, with increased radio-density, but an infective aetiology has not been excluded by previous authors. We report three children with the clinical and radiological findings of 'condensing osteitis'. Two of them had raised levels of antistaphylolysin titres and all responded to antibiotic therapy. We conclude that condensing osteitis is due to low-grade staphylococcal osteomyelitis; biopsy and treatment by antibiotics is recommended.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Excitatory amino acid treatment of the ventromedial globus pallidus enhances dopamine utilization in the prefrontal cortex of the rat via the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus.

Infusion of a low dose (5 microM) of the cell-selective chemical excitant quisqualic acid (QUIS) into rostral ventromedial globus pallidus (GP) had no immediate effect on DA utilization (assessed as [DOPAC]:[DA] and [HVA]:[DA] ratios) in either the medial bank of the prefrontal cortex (FCx) or the agranular insular cortex (AgCx). In contrast, a larger dose (630 microM) of another excitant sodium ibotenate (IBO) produced an immediate bilaterally symmetrical increase in both indices of DA utilization in FCx. There was also a marked trend towards a bilateral increase in these indices of DA utilization in AgCx. In order to determine whether these effects on cortical DA utilization are mediated by a direct cortical route or via the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (lateral division, MDL), infusions of IBO into GP were repeated in animals with a 1-week-old N-methyl-D-aspartate lesion of MDL. The increase in DA utilization of FCx following infusion of IBO into GP was abolished, although the trend towards increased DA utilization in AgCx was still maintained. Since MDL innervates FCx but not AgCx and since we have previously shown that MDL lesions alone have no effect on DA utilization in either cortical region, the present results suggest that the changes in cortical DA utilization are probably mediated via MD. Thus in addition to the well-documented control exerted by the thalamus over brain DA function, this has now been extended in the present study to include GP, which projects both directly and indirectly to the thalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Regulation of dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens of the rat by the thalamic paraventricular nucleus and adjacent midline nuclei.

The effects of unilateral treatments applied to non-dopamine containing output neurones of the thalamic paraventricular nucleus and adjacent midline nuclei (PV-MLT) were observed on dopamine (DA) utilisation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The ratios of [metabolite]: [parent amine] were used as indices of DA utilisation. In general, these indices were observed to increase in NAc in a bilaterally symmetrical fashion immediately after infusion of low doses (5 microM) of a cell-selective chemical excitant (quisqualic acid, QUIS) into either rostral or caudal PV-MLT. Moreover, the increases appeared to be entirely due to changes in the tissue content of metabolite. Electrical stimulation of caudal PV-MLT also enhanced DA utilisation ratios in NAc but appeared to do so by decreasing the tissue content of DA itself. Attempts to lesion caudal PV-MLT neurones by infusion of a higher dose of QUIS (50 mM) followed by long-term recovery (7 days) produced ratios of DA utilisation in NAc that were no different from those of controls. DA utilisation ratios in NAc were no different from control values immediately after infusion into caudal PV-MLT of an 'intermediate' dose (10 mM) of another chemical excitant (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, NMDA). Since DA utilisation ratios in this area were also unaffected by histologically verifiable lesions of caudal PV-MLT neurones produced 7 days after infusion of high doses (100 mM) of NMDA it is argued that the former treatment may lead to an acute firing inactivation of PV-MLT neurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma of the nipple. A clinical and pathological study of 11 cases.

The clinical and pathologic findings of 11 infiltrating syringomatous adenomas of the nipple (ISA) were studied. All neoplasms were composed of small ducts and solid strands of epithelial cells surrounded by desmoplastic stroma. Ten of the 11 invaded the smooth muscle of the nipple, four extended to underlying breast tissue, and one showed perineural invasion. All lesions had an infiltrative margin, but 10 were treated successfully by local excision, even though five (45%) recurred. None metastasized. ISA must be distinguished from nipple duct adenoma and tubular carcinoma. Its clinical significance lies primarily in its recognition as a distinctive benign neoplasm. In the past, a variety of terms have been used to describe this lesion, whether it occurred in the skin, nipple, or substance of the breast. "Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma" is the preferred term to avoid using "carcinoma" for lesions involving the breast.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Cervical adenocarcinoma in young women: possible relationship to microglandular hyperplasia and use of oral contraceptives.

The clinical and pathologic features of 18 cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma (in situ and invasive) and adenosquamous carcinoma in women less than 50 years of age were reviewed. The findings were compared with those from an equal number of cases of cervical squamous carcinoma (in situ and invasive), obtained by matching for age and year of diagnosis. A positive history of oral contraceptive use was found in five cases (28%) in the study group and in seven (39%) of the squamous carcinoma control patients. Microglandular hyperplasia was present in five cases of adenocarcinoma and one case of squamous carcinoma. Neither of these differences is statistically significant. Additionally, in only one case was there a transition from microglandular hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma--in a patient who was not on oral contraceptives but who received medroxyprogesterone acetate for vaginal bleeding. These findings fail to support the hypothesis that use of oral contraceptives or presence of microglandular hyperplasia is causally related to the development of endocervical carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗