Biomedical subjects

M W Noall

Publications and source records attributed to M W Noall.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Aspiration injury due to polyacrylamide.

Acute lung injury secondary to aspiration of polyacrylamide, a synthetic polymer used widely in industry, has not been previously described in man or animal. We report the case of a 26-year-old man who aspirated polyacrylamide gel while cleaning it out of a tank truck. Subsequently, severe airway obstruction and lung parenchymal damage developed, and the patient died. At autopsy, numerous polyacrylamide particles were found in the lungs, along with extensive bronchiolar and alveolar damage.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1985

Mode of action of ribavirin: effect of nucleotide pool alterations on influenza virus ribonucleoprotein synthesis.

Ribavirin, a guanosine analogue, is a broad spectrum antiviral agent which is effective in the treatment of influenza. In this study, the effect of ribavirin on influenza virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) synthesis and nucleotide pool sizes was simultaneously measured. Ribavirin (100 microM) reduced viral RNP synthesis 94% as measured by UTP incorporation. Intracellular GTP pools, measured by high performance liquid chromatography, were reduced approximately 45% in ribavirin treated cells, while other nucleotides remained near control values. Attempts to reverse ribavirin's inhibitory effects on viral RNP synthesis by addition of exogenous guanosine (50 microM) resulted in only a partial restoration of viral RNP synthesis, despite full restoration of the GTP pool. Dose-response experiments indicated that the GTP pool was significantly reduced (65% of control) at 25 microM ribavirin, and increasing concentrations of the drug caused only a small further reduction in the GTP pool (5-10% at 100 microM). In contrast, RNP synthesis was inhibited by 50% at 25 microM ribavirin and was further decreased to 5% of control at 100 microM ribavirin. Thus, ribavirin's antiviral activity may result from a reduction of the GTP pool size combined with direct effects on viral replicative enzymes.

Guanosine↗

PubMed1985

Comparison of blood and brain toluene concentrations and circulating triglyceride levels resulting from acute and repeated exposures in rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to 2500 ppm toluene three hours per day, five days per week for three weeks. Blood and brain toluene concentration and circulating triglyceride levels were measured after one day, one week, two weeks and three weeks exposure. A consistent reduction in mean body weight gain was found in the toluene-exposed rats compared to controls as early as three days following initiation of exposure. During the second and third exposure week, the toluene-exposed rats exhibited marked salivation during the exposure periods. A dramatic decrease in brain and blood toluene levels occurred between the second and third exposure weeks. Also, an inverse relationship between circulating triglyceride levels and blood and brain toluene concentrations was found in the exposed rats. Plausible mechanisms for tolerance development and the inverse relationship to circulating triglycerides are offered including induction of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity and alterations in brain biomembrane lipid composition.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: clinical and pharmacologic observations.

Forty-seven patients with confirmed TCA overdoses were thoroughly evaluated with regard to clinical and electrocardiographic findings. In 22 patients plasma levels of the primary TCA and the desmethyl metabolite were determined. We found that both neurologic and cardiovascular complications were common, but independent of each other. While plasma levels of the parent of TCA compound correlated best with the neurologic disturbances, cardiac abnormalities were more related to the desmethyl metabolite level. Although plasma levels correlate with the clinical findings, sufficient overlap between normal and abnormal levels and findings exist that we do not feel that routine measurement of plasma levels is clinically useful at this time.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Gas-chromatographic determination of amantadine in human urine.

We describe a gas--liquid-chromatographic method for determining the concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in urine with beta-phenylethylamine as internal standard. The urine sample is made alkaline and extracted with 0.5 mL of chloroform. After centrifugation the aqueous layer is aspirated, and an aliquot of the organic layer is injected directly into the gas chromatograph. Concentration and instrument response are linearly related between 2 and 125 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. Mean analytical recovery was calculated to be 97%.

Amantadine↗

PubMed1977