Lymphoid activation by different crude alginates and the effect of purification.
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Alginates↗
Biomedical subjects
M Wöhrle
Publications and source records attributed to M Wöhrle.
Diabetes mellitus-associated decrease in nerve growth factor levels is reversed by allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation.
After an untreated 5-month duration of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in BDE rats were decreased to 45-65% of control in the sympathetically innervated target organs iris and submandibular gland, in the superior cervical ganglion (containing NGF-dependent sympathetic perikarya projecting to the cranial targets), and in the NGF-transporting sciatic nerve. Successful allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation (providing a physiological glucose homeostasis without immunosuppression) after 3-4 weeks of DM reversed the DM-related decrease in NGF levels 4 months after transplantation as compared with untreated diabetic rats. By contrast, NGF levels in the treated vas deferens (innervated by short postganglionic sympathetic neurons) remained increased as in the untreated diabetic rats (175% of control). Thus, DM-associated changes in endogenous NGF levels seem to be reversible by institution of metabolic control, at least at an early stage of DM when NGF-responsive neurons have not been deprived of NGF for a long time.
Animals↗
[Islet transplantation in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: the challenges to the transplant of rejection and recurrent autoimmunity].
The success of islet transplantation for therapy of spontaneous diabetes mellitus depends on two immune responses of the recipient. The rejection of foreign tissue plays a major role in islet transplantation and can successfully be prevented by different immunomodulation in animals. In spontaneous diabetes the islet transplant can also be destroyed by the recurrent autoimmune insulitis. We describe, in which experiments recurrence occurred. We also demonstrate the influence of the donor-host combination on the immune attack and the possibilities to prevent the destruction of transplanted islets in animals. An outlook on the clinical situation is given.
Autoimmunity↗
Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. XII. Effect on diabetic retinopathy. Morphological findings and morphometrical evaluation.
Digest-preparations of rat retinal vasculature were examined with respect to single capillary alterations and diffuse changes in cellular composition. Retinas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats revealed single micro-aneurysms, degenerated capillaries, strand formation, microthromboses and further lesions, occurring sooner than previously described. A severe loss of pericytes and a slight increase in endothelial cell number resulting in an increase in E/P-ratio were observed, all effects becoming more pronounced with longer duration of diabetes. Syngeneic islet transplantation could prevent all of the described alterations if carried out soon after diabetes induction. If performed six months later it was able to almost restore the normal cellular composition while pathomorphological lesions could be arrested or reversed only partially.
Animals↗
[Effect of autoimmune destruction and rejection on the function of transplanted islands of Langerhans in spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat].
In animals and human identical twin transplants the autoimmunity of naturally occurring diabetes may destroy transplanted islets, even if rejection is avoided. We studied the influence of transplant site (liver vs. kidney capsule) and pretransplant treatment (culture) on autoimmune damage and rejection of transplanted islets of Langerhans in BB-rats which spontaneously developed diabetes. Freshly isolated and in the liver transplanted islets were destroyed rapidly (on the base of autoimmune destruction, rejection or both). In contrary, the renal subcapsule shows to be immunologically privileged with long survival of transplants. Culture pretreatment of MHC-incompatible Lewis islets resulted in long survival of transplants, which was not true in case of MHC-compatible WF islets: immunological disparity of donor and recipient tissue might be most successful in preventing autoimmune damage and rejection.
Animals↗
Quantitative assessment of GABA-uptake sites in the neural lobe by electron-microscopic autoradiography.
Distribution of (3H)GABA in the rat neural lobe was investigated 5 min after intracarotid administration using quantitative electron-microscopic autoradiography. Specificity of (3H)GABA-uptake was tested by pretreatment of control animals with nipecotic acid. It was concluded that, apart from a small fraction in the perivascular spaces, radioactivity was present exclusively in pituicytes. The results confirm and quantify earlier in-vitro observations; they are compared with recent immunocytochemical findings that reveal the presence of glutamate-decarboxylase-containing axons in the neural lobe. It is concluded that there may be GABAergic terminals that lack an uptake mechanism for exogenous transmitter. Nevertheless, (3H)GABA autoradiography is useful in demonstrating other functional components of GABAergic systems, i.e., glial cells.
Animals↗
[The value of CT in the diagnosis of tumours of the cerebello-pontine angle. Comparison of various radiological, clinical and otological examination].
An attempt has been made to define the role of CT in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle tumours; 190 patients with this suspected diagnosis were examined by CT (including intravenous contrast enhancement and CT air cisternography) as well as other radiological, otological, neurological and audiometric investigations. Amongst these methods, CT is of most value. A knowledge of the variations of the internal auditory meatus and measurements of the porus acousticus are essential for evaluating the computer tomographic appearances.
Adolescent↗