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Biomedical subjects

M Wanner

Publications and source records attributed to M Wanner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effects of first gestation and lactation on bone metabolism in dairy goats and milk sheep.

The goal of the present study was to compare mobilization rate of calcium (Ca) from bone in pregnant and lactating goats and sheep. Blood samples were collected from goats and sheep monthly during pregnancy and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postpartum (pp) and monthly during lactation until 6 months after parturition. Total bone mineral content (BMC) and total bone mineral density (BMD) were quantified using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the same intervals as the blood was taken. Bone resorption was assessed by immunoassays quantitating two epitopes of the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP, CTX). Bone formation was estimated by quantifying serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP). In addition, Ca and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25-VITD) concentrations were determined in serum. Mean ICTP and CTX concentrations of both animal species increased the first week after parturition. By the second week pp, the concentrations of both markers had decreased toward early gestation levels. In contrast, mean OC concentrations continually decreased until the 1st week pp. By the 2nd week pp, the mean concentrations of OC started to increase again. Mean bAP activities decreased during gestation and reached a nadir in the first week pp in goats and 4 weeks pp in sheep. Afterwards, mean bAP activities increased again in goats and sheep. 1,25-VITD concentrations peaked the first week pp and returned to early gestation values thereafter. Total BMC and BMD decreased from the 4th month of pregnancy until the 1st week pp in both species. Afterwards, BMC increased throughout the first month pp in goats and the first 3 months pp in sheep. BMD levels of sheep and goats returned to prepartum levels during lactation. The resorptive phase of bone remodeling is accelerated at parturition and in early lactation and is uncoupled from the process of bone formation. This allows the animal to achieve Ca homeostasis at the expense of bone. Increased bone remodeling during lactation may represent physiological mechanisms to help replace the maternal skeleton lost as the animal adapted to enormously increased Ca losses to the fetus and milk in late gestation and early lactation.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of germline CDKN2A, ARF, CDK4, PTEN, and BRAF alterations in atypical mole syndrome.

Atypical mole syndrome is a sporadic or an inherited condition with an increased risk of melanoma. Germline mutations in the CDKN2A, ARF, CDK4 and somatic mutations in the PTEN and BRAF genes have been associated with melanoma. In this study, we evaluated genes associated with familial and sporadic melanoma for mutations in 28 probands with the atypical mole syndrome. No sequence alterations in the coding regions or in the splice junctions of CDKN2A, ARF, CDK4, PTEN or BRAF were identified. These data suggest that genes evaluated in this study are unlikely to be candidate genes for atypical mole syndrome and support the notion that unknown susceptibility gene/s for this disease exist.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Energy and fibre intake in a group of captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) offered increasing amounts of browse.

We investigated the effect of diet on intake of energy and fibre in a group of three captive adult giraffe by weighing offered diet items and leftovers for 7 days after an adaptation period of 7 days. Digestion coefficients were calculated using, as internal marker, the acid detergent lignin content of a faecal sample pooled from subsamples taken during the last 5 days of intake measurement. Two lucerne hay-only diets of differing quality (L1, L2) were fed, as well as the regular diet of lucerne hay and concentrates (L2C), and the regular diet supplemented with 3 or 6 kg of edible, fresh browse material (L2CB3, L2CB6). The proportion of roughage in the ingested diets L2CB6 (45 +/- 5% dry matter), L2CB3 (35 +/- 3%) and L2C (37 +/- 10%) did not differ significantly. Digestible energy intake was low on the hay-only diets [L1: 0.28 +/- 0.06 MJ/kg body weight (BW)0.75; L2: 0.33 +/- 0.10 MJ/kg BW0.75] and increased from L2C (0.60 +/- 0.13 MJ/kg BW0.75) to a significant increase with L2CB3 (0.72 +/- 0.17 MJ/kg BW0.75); no further increase was obvious for L2CB6 (0.63 +/- 0.15MJ/kg BW0.75). The results confirm that giraffes are unlikely to meet energy requirements on lucerne hay-only diets. In a feeding scenario where both lucerne hay and the concentrate component of the diet are fed ad libitum, the animals tended to exchange hay for browse when browse was added. Only the higher level of browse supplementation led to a potentially beneficial increase in fibre intake. Whether additional browse supplementation will lead to increased intakes in a feeding scenario with restricted concentrate provision can be suspected but remains to be demonstrated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Effects of high carbohydrate and high fat diet on plasma metabolite levels and on i.v. glucose tolerance test in intact and neutered male cats.

To elucidate the impact of dietary influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on the development of diabetes mellitus in the carnivorous cat, a 3 weeks feeding trial was carried out on six sexually intact and six neutered adult male cats. The effects of two isonitrogenic diets, differing in carbohydrate and fat content, were investigated on plasma metabolite levels in a 24-h blood sampling trial. Plasma leptin concentrations were also determined at the beginning and at the end of the 24-h trial. Glucose and insulin response was measured in an i.v. glucose tolerance test. A 5 days long digestion trial was also performed, which revealed a high digestion capacity of both fat and carbohydrates in cats. The high fat diet induced a significant rise in the plasma triglyceride, FFA, beta-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterol concentration, while the elevation in the glucose level did not reach significance. In the glucose tolerance test no significant difference was found between the neutered and intact cats. However, independently of the sexual state, the cats on the high fat diet showed a slightly elongated glucose clearance and reduced acute insulin response to glucose administration. This is indicative of diminished pancreatic insulin secretion and/or beta-cell responsiveness to glucose. The results of this preliminary study may be the impetus for a long-term study to find out whether it is rather the fat rich ration than carbohydrate rich diet that is expected to impair glucose tolerance and thus might contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus in cats. Whether the alteration in glucose metabolism is due to altered leptin levels remains to be determined.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of biochemical methods for estimating the sodium intake of dairy cows.

Samples of blood and urine were taken from 334 dairy cows in 29 herds, and the concentrations of sodium and potassium were measured in the serum and urine. The herds were split into five groups according to the amount of supplementary salt they were given: three groups given 10 to 20, 30 to 50 or 70 to 100 g salt per day, and two groups fed an ad libitum supply, given either in bowls or in the form of salt blocks, which were replaced either regularly or irregularly. The groups which received 70 to 100 g of salt daily or were supplied regularly ad libitum had significantly higher urinary sodium concentrations than the other groups. The group receiving 10 to 20 g a day had a significantly higher ratio of potassium:sodium in their urine than all the other groups, in which the ratio decreased as the level of supplementary salt increased. There were wider differences between the groups in terms of the urinary potassium:sodium ratio than in terms of the urinary sodium concentration but less variability within each group.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Problems with feeding concentrated milk by-products to veal calves].

In Switzerland between 35,000 and 50,000 farm calves per year are fed rations containing concentrated whey. If the ration is balanced, whey has no adverse effects on health and growth rates of calves. Feeding whey to farm animals makes ecological and economical sense and constitutes a sound management for the disposal of milk by-products. The described case consisted of 53 calves of which 7 (13.2%) died within the feedlot-period. Based on clinical and management findings, salt-intoxication was diagnosed because of deprivation of free access to water. When large amounts of hypertonic feed containing low quality whey are fed to calves, their health is adversely affected. Therefore, article 16 of the Swiss Animal Protection Regulation should be changed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Nutrition studies on protein and energy in domestic cats.

The effects of three diets varying in their protein, fat and carbohydrate contents and of physical activity on energy and protein metabolism were investigated in eight domestic cats. The diets were based on canned food with addition either of minced cattle heart, melted swine fat or polenta. The activity-induced heat production was measured in a respiration chamber using the Doppler effect of radio-waves reflected from moving bodies. In the group receiving the high-protein diet, urinary nitrogen concentration was higher which was reflected in higher urinary loss of energy without affecting the amount of energy retained. Nitrogen utilization was not significantly influenced by nitrogen intake. Mean daily total heat production ranged between 163 and 187 kJ/kg BW/day or 215 and 270 kJ/kg BW(0.75)/day. The daily crude protein requirement of adult cats was determined to be 2.7 g/kg BW/day. The daily requirement of metabolizable energy for maintenance was estimated to be 153 kJ/kg BW/day or 226 kJ/kg BW(0.75)/day. The activity-induced heat production was 25.1 kJ/kg BW/day which corresponded to 13.5% of the total daily heat production. The daily requirement for metabolizable energy was thus reduced by 20.9 kJ/kg BW/day or 13.7%. The activity pattern of the cats was not characterized by a circadian rhythm.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

The influence of a fermentation-resistant glucose diet on the glucose concentration and other metabolites in portal and jugular blood in cows.

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation-resistant glucose on the glucose concentration and other metabolites in portal and jugular blood in 15 non-lactating cows. In all cows, an indwelling catheter was placed in the left jugular vein and the portal vein for collection of blood samples. Five control cows were fed hay as a normal diet, five control cows were fed straw to induce an energy deficit and five cows were fed hay and they received additionally 2000 g of a fermentation-resistant D-glucose product. The glucose concentration in jugular and portal blood was not influenced by feeding. The concentration of urea and bile acids were significantly higher in portal blood than jugular blood. There was no difference between portal and jugular blood of glucose and total solids. Diet had a significant effect on the concentrations of ammonia, urea, free fatty acids and triglycerides. The concentrations of ammonia and urea were higher in blood of cows fed straw than in blood of cows fed either hay or a fermentation-resistant glucose product. The concentration of urea remained constant in cows fed hay, but increased in cows fed straw and decreased in cows fed a fermentation-resistant glucose product. The concentration of free fatty acids and triglycerides were significantly higher in cows fed a fermentation-resistant glucose product than in cows fed hay. In the present study, a single administration of 300 g of fermentation-resistant glucose did not affect the concentration of blood glucose. Therefore, despite ongoing promotion of such products, there is no indication at this time that administration of fermentation-resistant glucose to cows at the start of lactation results in an increase in blood glucose concentration.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2002

Kinetics of exsheathment of infective ovine and bovine strongylid larvae in vivo and in vitro.

The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of exsheathment of ovine and bovine 3rd-stage strongylid larvae in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) and to compare the results with in vivo data obtained from rumen-fistulated sheep. Infective larvae were incubated in nylon mesh bags in the sheep rumen or the RUSITEC apparatus for periods of 1, 6 and 12 h, respectively. The 12 h exsheathment rates in the rumen and the RUSITEC apparatus (in parentheses) were as follows: Haemonchus contortus: 100% (100%), Ostertagia circumcincta: 100% (76%), O. leptospicularis: 100%. (100%), O. ostertagi: 53% (59%), Trichostrongylus axei: 100% (100%), T. colubriformis: 37% (36%), Cooperia curticei: 94% (76%), C. oncophora: 95% (89%), Nematodirusfilicollis: 0% (N.D.), N. spathiger: 11% (15%), N. battus: 7% (5%), Oesophagostomum venulosum: 17% (9%), Chabertia ovina: 7% (2%), Dictyocaulusfilaria: 1% (N.D.). Larvae of Nematodirus spp. and T. colubriformis showed a quick rise of the exsheathment rate 2 h after transfer into the abomasum. These results confirm that exsheathment generally occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal tract immediately anterior to the habitat of the adult parasite. The overall similar course of exsheathment in both systems indicates that the essential stimuli for exsheathment were generated and maintained under in vitro conditions of the artificial rumen. In both systems, the bicarbonate concentration and the pH reflected a similar status of the H2CO3/HC-3 buffer system, which is known to provide the essential stimuli for larval exsheathment of the abomasal species. These results give evidence that the RUSITEC system represents a valid system for studying the kinetics of exsheathment of strongylid nematodes under in vitro conditions. For 7 of the species investigated the obtained results represent the first data on larval exsheathment in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Influence of dietary phosphorus deficiency with or without addition of fumaric acid to a diet in pigs on bone parameters.

The purpose of this study was to examine if substantial bone loss occurs in weaned pigs by feeding a phosphorus-deficient diet with or without fumaric acid. Eighteen weaned pigs were used. The animals were assigned to three groups: group C (control; 0.65% P on DM basis), group LP (low phosphorus; 0.37% P on DM basis) and group LPF (low phosphorus plus fumaric acid; 0.35% P on DM basis plus 2% fumaric acid). These three diets were fed to the groups for a period of four weeks after a two-week adaptation period. Blood samples were collected once a week. Carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum was used as a bone resorption marker. Osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) were used as bone formation markers. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography. BAP activities significantly increased (24%) in group LPF, and at the last sampling day group LPF had significantly increased activities in comparison to group C. In contrast, ICTP concentrations significantly increased with time in group LP and LPF, and at the last sampling day group LPF had significantly increased activities in comparison to group C. BMD and BMC in femur and tibia significantly decreased in group LP and LPF. The results show that P-deficient diets induce a bone loss. Fumaric acid did not influence the degree of bone loss. With a better understanding of its effect on bone, dietary phosphorus requirements in pigs could be more precisely defined.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Gustatory responses of pigs to sixty compounds tasting sweet to humans.

The gustatory responses of pigs to 60 compounds perceived as sweet by humans were studied via a semi-quantitative behavioural method derived from the Richter two-bottle preference test. Among the 60 compounds tested 35 are effective in pigs, but with an effectiveness much lower in pigs than in humans. Lugduname and carrelame, which are the two most potent sweeteners in humans, are also the most effective compounds in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Influence of a vegetarian diet versus a diet with fishmeal on bone in growing pigs.

This study was conducted to examine if substantial bone loss occurs in growing pigs fed a vegetarian diet in comparison with a diet containing fishmeal. Twelve 6-week-old weaned pigs were assigned to two groups: group V [vegetarian diet; 0.61% phosphorus (P) in dry matter until 25 kg and 0.46% P until the end of the experiment] and group F (fishmeal diet; 0.61% P in dry matter until 25 kg and 0.46% P until the end of the experiment). Phytase was added to both diets. These two diets were fed to the two groups for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly, faeces were collected three times a week. Concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured in serum, using a radioimmunoassay, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) in the tibia and phalanx. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VitD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum. The digestibility of P was significantly decreased in group V. Significant changes in bAP activities and OC concentrations occurred with time during the 6 weeks. ICTP concentrations were significantly higher in group V. Total BMC and BMD in the tibia and BMD in the phalanx significantly decreased in group V. The results show that a vegetarian diet induces a significant loss of bone and a higher bone formation in group V compared with group F, although phytase was added to both diets. The dietary requirements for P in pigs, especially in the context of feeding vegetarian diets and adding an appropriate amount of phytase, should be investigated further.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed2001

Recovery after carpal tunnel syndrome operation: the influence of the opposite hand, if operated on in the same session.

In a clinical, retrospectively randomised study, we compared the results of the operation for a carpal tunnel syndrome when one side only or both sides were simultaneously assessed in one session. Of the 125 patients examined, 47.2% had both hands operated on in one session, 52.8% had only one hand operated on in one session or both hands in two sessions. We found the bilateral simultaneous operation to be associated with better results concerning earlier return to work, earlier relief of symptoms and better patient satisfaction than the operation on one side only. These are explained by the necessity of using both hands for daily activities and thus a guaranteed functional follow-up treatment after the bilateral operation. In conclusion, we propose operating on both hands simultaneously whenever possible, even if the opposite hand presents with only a slight CTS, which would otherwise not be considered for operation yet.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

[Water jet dissection in fatty tissue].

BACKGROUND: The first report about the use of water-jet dissection in surgery dates 1982. The advantage compared to conventional cutting is the preservation of vessels and nerves, thus facilitating the precise coagulation thereafter. Devices of the new generation with coherent jet are used in liver surgery in order to reduce blood loss. The use of water-jet dissectors in other fields of surgery is currently under investigation. The preparation of vessels in fatty tissue is of special interest for plastic surgeons. The technical parameters of the hydro- or water-jet device have to be optimised. METHOD: Abdominal fat tissue of fresh cadavers was cut under standardised conditions with different parameters of the dissector. The depth of the cuts and the morphology of the blood vessels were analysed. RESULTS: Between 20 and 60 Bar cutting pressure of the water-jet and one single pass the cuts are 8 mm deep. Deeper cuts can be achieved by repeated application on the same cut. When using 40 Bar and 5 passes the cutting depth is 1.7 cm. Higher pressure as 50 or 60 Bar do not lead to deeper cuts. The water-jet dissection leads to a water uptake of the cut tissue. Morphologically all the vessels, lying in the cut are undamaged if the pressure doesn't exceed 40 Bar pressure range. CONCLUSION: The optimal pressure for water-jet dissection of fatty tissue lies between 30 and 40 Bar. Higher pressure does not lead to deeper cuts, but increases the risk of vessel damage. The vessels in the remain morphologically intact if he cutting pressure lies below 50 Bar. The effect of the mechanical irritation of the vessels has to be investigated in vivo, before using the water-jet dissector for preparation of blood vessels in humans e.g. for flap dissection.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Pathophysiological effects of low dietary phosphorus in pigs.

SUMMARY: The homeostasis of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), and P(i)itself in the intestine, kidney, and bone in all the mammalian species studied. Determinations of the serum concentrations of PTH, 1,25(OH)(2)D and osteocalcin were done in 82 southern Romanian Landrace pigs originating from three herds with dietary P(i)deficiency. Serum P(i)concentrations were negatively correlated with those of 1,25(OH)(2)D. In lactating animals and sucklings, the linear relationships between P(i)and 1,25(OH)(2)D were not present. Serum P(i)concentrations were positively correlated with those of PTH. In lactating animals and young pigs, the linear relationships between P(i)and PTH were not evident. PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations were negatively correlated. The serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D and osteocalcin were positively correlated. Milk P(i)concentrations ranging from 3.10 to 7.49 mmol/L were correlated positively with urinary P(i)concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 11.37 mmol/L. In conclusion, similarly to other species, P(i)homeostasis is achieved in pigs by feedback mechanisms between P(i), PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D and osteocalcin production is induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D. The effect of lactation on P(i)homeostasis remains to be explored.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Postoperative evaluation of radial artery grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting by transit-time Doppler flow measurements.

UNLABELLED: Due to the histological configuration of the vessel wall, the radial artery is prone to spasm as a result of handling or harvesting. Therefore, certain degrees of arterial wall spasm are unpreventable, even with appropriate pharmacologic treatment, while using the radial artery as a bypass graft in CABG. Consequently, the radial artery is only reluctantly used compared to saphenous vein grafts in CABG. In our clinical experience, the radial artery, if harvested carefully, has proved to be an excellent bypass graft. This investigation was undertaken to study the differences in blood flow measured directly after extracorporeal circulation in radial artery grafts and venous grafts. Both grafts were compared to the left internal mammarian artery anastomosed to the LAD. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 1999, 198 patients who were undergoing coronary artery revascularization with two grafts were retrospectively investigated. In all patients, the left internal mammarian artery (LIMA) was anastomosed to the left anterior descending branch (LAD). For the second graft, either the saphenous vein or the radial artery was used. Proximal anstomoses were performed as end-to-side into the ascending aorta. Patients were divided into four groups: Group 1: n = 79 IMA-LAD, vein to the circumflex artery; Group 2: n = 56 IMA-LAD, vein to the right coronary artery; Group 3: n = 34; IMA-LAD, radial artery to the circumflex artery; Group 4: n = 29 IMA-LAD, radial artery to the right coronary artery. Graft-flow measurements were performed using the transit-time method after extracorporeal circulation was terminated. The mean systolic, diastolic, and mean blood flow were measured, and the pulsatility index was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the of t-test analysis between the variables mean blood flow and pulsatility index. A p-value of < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in mean blood flow or pulsatility index between radial artery and saphenous vein grafts to the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery, respectively. Also, there were no differences regarding vein grafts to the right coronary artery and to the circumflex artery, or regarding radial artery grafts to the two coronaries, respectively. In group 4, significantly lower blood flow to the LAD was found compared to group 1, and a significantly higher pulsatility index compared to groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: Radial artery grafts compared to saphenous vein grafts do not show significant differences early after operation in mean blood flow or pulsatility index. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term performance of radial arteries as coronary bypass grafts and to compare the radial artery to the right mammarian artery and the standard saphenous vein graft.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2001

Identification of a PTEN mutation in a family with Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome.

Cowden syndrome (CS) and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BZS) are two inherited hamartoma syndromes characterized by distinct phenotypic features. Mutations in the PTEN gene have been identified in patients with CS and BZS, suggesting the presence of a common genetic basis. We describe a single kindred with individuals manifesting both CS and BZS phenotypes (CS/BZS overlap family) in which we have identified a novel mutation in PTEN by DNA sequencing. We have confirmed these results by means of restriction enzyme analysis. The presence of individuals with CS and BZS within the same family, and moreover the identification of identical PTEN gene mutations in these individuals, suggest that these two syndromes represent different phenotypic expressions of one disease. Furthermore, these findings imply that, like patients with CS, individuals with BZS should be monitored for the onset of malignancy.

Adult↗