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Biomedical subjects

M Washburn

Publications and source records attributed to M Washburn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

UB-165: a novel nicotinic agonist with subtype selectivity implicates the alpha4beta2* subtype in the modulation of dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes.

Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on striatal synaptosomes stimulate dopamine release. Partial inhibition by the alpha3beta2-selective alpha-conotoxin-MII indicates heterogeneity of presynaptic nAChRs on dopamine terminals. We have used this alpha-conotoxin and UB-165, a novel hybrid of epibatidine and anatoxin-a, to address the hypothesis that the alpha-conotoxin-MII-insensitive subtype is composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits. UB-165 shows intermediate potency, compared with the parent molecules, at alpha4beta2* and alpha3-containing binding sites, and resembles epibatidine in its high discrimination of these sites over alpha7-type and muscle binding sites. (+/-)-Epibatidine, (+/-)-anatoxin-a, and (+/-)-UB-165 stimulated [(3)H]-dopamine release from striatal synaptosomes with EC(50) values of 2.4, 134, and 88 nM, and relative efficacies of 1:0.4:0.2, respectively. alpha-Conotoxin-MII inhibited release evoked by these agonists by 48, 56, and 88%, respectively, suggesting that (+/-)-UB-165 is a very poor agonist at the alpha-conotoxin-MII-insensitive nAChR subtype. In assays of (86)Rb(+) efflux from thalamic synaptosomes, a model of an alpha4beta2* nAChR response, (+/-)-UB-165 was a very weak partial agonist; the low efficacy of (+/-)-UB-165 at alpha4beta2 nAChR was confirmed in Xenopus oocytes expressing various combinations of human nAChR subunits. In contrast, (+/-)-UB-165 and (+/-)-anatoxin-a were similarly efficacious and similarly sensitive to alpha-conotoxin-MII in increasing intracellular Ca(2+) in SH-SY5Y cells, a functional assay for native alpha3-containing nAChR. These data support the involvement of alpha4beta2* nAChR in the presynaptic modulation of striatal dopamine release and illustrate the utility of exploiting a novel partial agonist, together with a selective antagonist, to dissect the functional roles of nAChR subtypes in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Seven steps to shift from tasks to outcomes.

Seven managerial strategies guide the evolution of nurses' abilities to plan patient outcomes rather than focus on tasks. The authors emphasize revitalizing report rituals to include discussion of patient-focused short- and long-term outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Lizards as hosts for immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in North Carolina.

Previously archived museum specimens of lizards collected throughout North Carolina were examined for Ixodes scapularis (Say). Lizards (n = 1,349) collected in 80 of North Carolina's 100 counties were examined. Lizards with ticks were collected in 23 (29%) of the 80 counties from which lizards were examined. I. scapularis was detected on 8.7% (n = 117) of the lizards and was the sole species of tick obtained from lizards. Immature ticks were most frequently found on the southeastern five-lined skink, Eumeces inexpectatus, and the eastern glass lizard, Ophisaurus ventralis. Larvae were most frequently found on the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. One C. sexlineatus harbored 177 larvae and 2 nymphs. Nymphs were most frequently observed on E. inexpectatus. The majority of counties (chi 2, P < 0.01) where ticks were found on lizards were in the Coastal Plain.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Why don't nurses delegate?

Restructuring clinical services to a team-based model of care delivery relies on the registered nurse's ability to effectively delegate and supervise team members. The authors define issues and leadership actions necessary for successful restructuring projects that optimize the registered nurse professional role and achieve economic benefits.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

My license is not on the line: the art of delegation.

Teaching staff and charge nurses how to skillfully delegate responsibility to assistive personnel can alleviate fears and mistrust. A workshop defining the art of delegation leaves nurses feeling more in control and less victimized. As a result, they begin to see delegation as a viable solution.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Case report 786: Ewing's sarcoma of the left zygoma.

We present a relatively common tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, in an exceptionally rare site, the zygomatic bone, wherein the only symptom was swelling in the cheek despite intracranial extension. Ewing's sarcoma is not an uncommon tumor in the Asian Indian as it is in the African American. It appear to occur as frequently in the subcontinent as it does in Europe and in Americans of European descent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Examination of the relationships among drug use, emotional/psychological problems, and crime among youths entering a juvenile detention center.

Urine testing and confidential interviews of youths entering a juvenile detention center in a southeastern city produced some striking results in regard to their drug use, delinquent behavior, and emotional/psychological problems. Recent users of marijuana/hashish and cocaine had higher rates of referral to juvenile court for property and drug offenses than nonusers. The results suggest that interviewing and urine testing of youthful detainees for drug use at the point of entry into secure detention is a promising method for screening youngsters with histories of delinquent behavior. Implications of these findings are drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Physical abuse, sexual victimization, and illicit drug use: replication of a structural analysis among a new sample of high-risk youths.

Mounting evidence of serious adverse consequences of childhood physical and sexual abuse has important implications for public health officials and care providers. Given the potential impact on social policy of this area of inquiry, programmatic research is needed for the validation of theoretical models across populations and over time. This study, based on a sample of high-risk youths, replicates a structural model that specified the influence of child physical and sexual abuse on self-derogation and drug use. Results suggest that for male and female youths, physical abuse and sexual victimization had a direct effect on self-derogation and illicit drug use, and an indirect effect on drug use that was mediated by self-derogation. Moreover, structural coefficients for the model were found to be identical across gender. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the equivalence of the structural model of child physical and sexual abuse on drug use across two study cohorts. Implications for the identification and treatment of youths in high-risk groups are discussed.

Adolescent↗