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Biomedical subjects

M Webb

Publications and source records attributed to M Webb.

233 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

The reversal of phenylarsenoxide inhibition of keto acid oxidation in mitochondrial and bacterial suspensions by lipoic acid and other disulphides.

1. Inhibition of pyruvate oxidation in suspensions of Aerobacter aerogenes cells and of isolated mitochondria from rat heart and liver by phenylarsenoxide is prevented by an excess of lipoic acid, whereas inhibition due to certain bivalent cations is not. 2. In both systems inhibition persists when the bacteria and mitochondria are recovered and resuspended in fresh media in the absence of the inhibitor. Persistent inhibition due to preincubation with phenylarsenoxide, but not with the metal ions, is reversed by lipoic acid and by certain other disulphides. 3. 2,3-Dimercaptopropan-1-ol prevents the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by phenylarsenoxide and by bivalent cations in both mitochondria and bacterial cells. 4. In aerobic suspensions of mitochondria and bacteria disulphides such as lipoic acid are reduced rapidly to dithiols. Reduction is inhibited by Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+), but not by phenylarsenoxide. 5. It is concluded that the inability of lipoic acid to prevent the action of the metal ions on pyruvate oxidation is due to the inhibition of its reduction to the effective dithiol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel myelin-associated glycoprotein defined by a mouse monoclonal antibody.

A novel myelin antigen has been defined by a mouse monoclonal antibody (8-18C5) raised against rat cerebellar glycoproteins. By immunohistochemistry, the antigen was detected in white matter tracts of the central nervous system, but was absent from peripheral myelin. Western blotting followed by immunostaining revealed that the antigen was a glycoprotein of Mr 51 000 daltons which was degraded on storage to cross-reacting products of 20-26 000 daltons. Antigen was detected in central but not peripheral nervous system samples. Products of identical Mr were obtained by affinity chromatography of iodinated cerebellar glycoproteins on a column of immobilised 8-18C5.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remission onset and relapse in depression. An 18-month prospective study of course for 100 first admission patients.

BACKGROUND: Few prospective studies of course for first admission depressives are reported. METHODS: One hundred consecutive depressed inpatients were followed prospectively over 18 months. Course was defined operationally using the Hamilton Depression scale and ICD-10 criteria. Results were analysed using life-tables. RESULTS: The cumulative probabilities of remission onset by 3 and 18 months were 0.67 (95% C.I.=0.57-0.77) and 0.82 (95% C.I.=0.74-0.90). The cumulative probability of relapse was 0.25 (95% C.I.=0.15-0.35); 53% of those relapsing did so in the first 2 months. Younger age at onset, longer illness length, higher depression and anxiety ratings, predicted delayed remission onset. ICD-10 episode severity predicted relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The chances of remission onset at 3 months and relapse were increased relative to other studies; risk of chronicity was similar. Predictors of outcome to emerge were similar to other studies. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Adoption of these remission onset criteria may identify earlier (at 3 months), subjects at high risk of chronicity. After remission onset, subjects with severe illnesses warrant careful follow-up to detect relapse, particularly during the first 2 months. LIMITATIONS: The operational criteria used were different to other prospective studies. Relatively few psychosocial variables were included in the analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte response by monoclonal antibody specific for a rat T lymphocyte subset.

Cell-surface differentiation antigens which are associated with particular lymphocyte subsets are likely to be molecules which mediate specific functions of the cells which display them. One way to investigate this hypothesis is to see whether antibodies directed against such antigens will inhibit functional systems. This approach can be attempted with confidence if monoclonal antibodies are used, as these react with one antigenic determinant only and can be used in purified form. In this report we show that a monoclonal antibody which is specific for a subset of rat tT lymphocytes inhibits the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). The antibody acts on the responder cells without killing them.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing students' sensitivity to families of children with disabilities.

Families of children with disabilities pose a particular challenge to nurses as each child and family is a unique combination of intellectual, emotional, and medical concerns. The authors describe a project in which families of children with disabilities serve as teachers to baccalaureate nursing students. The goal of the project is to facilitate sensitivity and an understanding of the needs of a child with a developmental disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dyspnea assessment and management in hospice patients with pulmonary disorders.

Accurate assessments and appropriate management of dyspnea are essential to provide improved quality of life for hospice patients. This study describes methods of assessing dyspnea and interventions used to manage dyspnea in 72 hospice patients with end-stage lung disease or lung cancer. The mean age of the sample was 72.46 years old and the majority was white (80 percent) and male (62 percent). Paired t-tests were used to compare mean scores on admission and near death for dyspnea severity, Karnofsky functional status, pain, and Mini-Mental Status scores. Results showed significant decline in functional and cognitive status, but no significant changes in dyspnea severity and pain. Dyspnea was often assessed subjectively with observational methods only. Use of inhalants, oxygen, positioning, steroids, and oral opioids were the most frequent therapies for dyspnea. Relaxation, guided imagery, and other complementary therapies were rarely used (five percent or less). Measurement of dyspnea needs to be done frequently by using standardized instruments to assess severity and degree of symptom distress as well as the effects of treatment. Clinical trials are needed to determine which dyspnea interventions are most effective in terminally ill patients. Guidelines such as those developed for pain management are needed for effectively managing dyspnea.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modeling the client's world through brief solution-focused therapy.

The shift to a managed care philosophy means that clients with psychiatric needs are likely to have both fewer and briefer inpatient hospitalizations. Identification of focused goals and measurable outcomes may not translate easily into inpatient programs that have been more process oriented or have based definitions of improvement on complete or near-complete remission of the admission diagnosis. In the context of these shifts, nursing's focus on maintaining a safe environment, developing a therapeutic relationship, providing information, and valuing holistic and individualized care may be lost in programs that treat all clients in the same "packaged" programs. This article describes the philosophical assumptions that underlie the brief inpatient program. The next article in this issue describes how solution-focused therapeutic modalities are used in the continuum of care.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-cultural study of initial visits to psychiatric outpatient clinics.

This descriptive and comparative study explored issues involving initial visits to psychiatric outpatient clinics. Seventy patients in an Irish clinic and 51 patients in a United States clinic were interviewed and 100 medical records in each clinic were reviewed to examine data on five variables: presenting complaints, critical incidents, referral processes, patient expectations, and reactions to treatment plans. Commonalities and differences between clinics were cited.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of two dosages of oral midazolam as a conscious sedation for physically and neurologically compromised pediatric dental patients.

Physically and neurologically handicapped pediatric dental patients are often a challenge to treat and may require the use of pharmacological agents for behavior modification. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, in terms of vital sign changes and complications, and the effectiveness, in terms of behavioral changes, of two dosages of oral midazolam as a conscious sedative agent for this unique population. Participating in this study were 31 patients of Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, who were uncooperative (as rated on the Frankl scale) at a previous dental appointment. The patients, 3-18 years old, were randomly selected to receive one of the two dosage regimens; Group A received 0.3 mg/kg oral midazolam and Group B received 0.5 mg/kg. Physiologic parameters and behavior were recorded throughout the appointment and overall safety and success were determined. Although clinically insignificant, Group A's pulse rates 20 min into treatment were significantly higher than at baseline or treatment start, and oxygen saturations were lower during treatment than at baseline and start of treatment. Intratreatment systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rates of Group B were significantly higher than the baseline figures; however, these changes were not clinically significant. No clinical or postoperative complications were noted for either dosage. The regimen of 0.3 mg/kg of oral midazolam was successful 75% of the time, and the regimen of 0.5 mg/kg of oral midazolam was successful 60% of the time in providing adequate sedation to allow operative treatment to be safely and efficiently performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral twinning: report of case.

Twinning is an anomaly in which one tooth has combined with another or enlarged itself to the point of doubling its substance. A discussion of the nomenclature and a report of bilateral twinning are presented. A possible cause of the twinning events in this case include gemination of the maxillary right and mandibular left canines and fusion of the maxillary left and mandibular right canines with supernumerary teeth.

Child, Preschool↗