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Biomedical subjects

M Wells

Publications and source records attributed to M Wells.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Microuteroliths.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Viruses in anogenital cancer.

The association between sexual activity and cancer, first described in carcinoma of the cervix, has been expanded to include the majority of anogenital squamous epithelial carcinomas. Current evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) may be of great importance in the development of these tumours, whilst herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may play minor roles. Certain types of HPV DNA, including types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 39 are found in most but not all anogenital cancers and pre-invasive neoplastic conditions. Viral genes E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18 are regularly expressed in HPV-positive tumours. In vitro, E6 and E7 genes have transforming properties which correlate with their ability to bind naturally occurring growth regulation proteins p53 and pRB. It has, however, become apparent that HPV alone does not provide the full aetiological explanation of sexually related carcinomas. The finding of latent, non-sexually-acquired HPV in a sizable proportion of the community, including children, has confounded simple theories of HPV transmission and cancer. Furthermore, in vitro experiments suggest that other factors may potentiate the effects of HPV. HSV-2 may possibly function as cofactor as it can synergize with HPV to cause transformation in vitro, and can transactivate HPV gene expression. HIV is associated with an increased rate of anogenital malignancies, particularly of the anus. Tumours in HIV-positive patients appear to have a worse prognosis, even before the onset of AIDS.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Serine protease immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry in the small intestine of weaned and unweaned pigs.

The distribution of goblet cells containing serine protease and of those binding the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) in the pig small intestine is altered during the period after weaning. Goblet cells exhibiting binding of other lectins were not altered. These alterations and other changes in goblet cells may reflect the effects of a hypersensitivity response to dietary antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of low frequency of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.

There is evidence that cervical adenocarcinoma is increasing in incidence, particularly in young women. In order to assess the possible role of human papillomaviruses in cervical glandular oncogenesis, 16 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma and eight cases of adenocarcinoma in situ have been examined by in situ DNA hybridization using biotinylated probes to human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31, and assessed by polymerase chain reaction analysis for human papillomavirus types 11, 16, and 18 sequences. Of the invasive adenocarcinomas, four of 16 contained human papillomavirus type 16 sequences and one of 16 contained type 18 sequences as assessed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Five of eight cases of adenocarcinoma in situ contained human papillomavirus type 16 sequences by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Only one invasive adenocarcinoma and one case of adenocarcinoma in situ showed a positive in situ hybridization signal. The low rate of carriage of the human papillomavirus sequences examined suggests that these viral types may not play a major role in cervical glandular neoplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Further studies of lectin binding by villous and extravillous trophoblast in normal and pathological pregnancy.

Examination of human pregnancy tissues with a panel of lectins provides the opportunity to probe different aspects of carbohydrate structure. Nine biotinylated lectins [concanavalin A (con A), wheat germ agglutin (WGA), Lens culinaris A (LCH-A), Pisum sativum (PSA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E and PHA-L), Ulex europaeus 1 (UEA1), Griffonia simplicifolia (GSI and GSII)] were used to investigate the lectin binding of human trophoblast in normal, tubal, and molar pregnancy. All lectins except UEA1 bound to normal villous syncytiotrophoblast. Binding of lectins to extravillous trophoblast was more restricted than to villous trophoblast, occurring predominantly with con A, PHA-E, PHA-L, WGA, GSI, and GSII. LCH-A reacted with cyto-trophoblastic columns but not with interstitial or endovascular trophoblast. Con A and GSII were the only lectins that bound to trophoblastic giant cells. GSI and GSII bound preferentially to extravillous trophoblast, showing only focal reactivity with villous trophoblast. Lectin binding in ectopic pregnancy was similar to that in normal first-trimester intrauterine pregnancy. Reactivity in molar pregnancy also generally mirrored that observed in normal pregnancy; however, reactivity of GSII with villous trophoblast was more consistent than that observed in normal pregnancy, and GSI showed uniform binding to proliferating syncytial areas. Thus, lectin binding studies allow definition of surface carbohydrates, which may play a role in the controlled trophoblast proliferation and invasion that occurs in normal pregnancy.

Amnion↗
PubMed1991

The DNA-binding domain of nuclear factor I is sufficient to cooperate with the adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein in viral DNA replication.

Recombinant baculoviruses have been constructed which express the full-length nuclear factor I (NFI) protein or a derivative of NFI that contains only the DNA-binding domain of the protein in infected insect cells. Both proteins were purified from insect cells infected with the respective baculoviruses and tested for their ability to cooperate with the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA-binding protein during virus replication. DNase I protection experiments demonstrated that the viral DNA-binding protein increased the affinity of both the full-length NFI and the DNA-binding domain of NFI for their recognition site in the Ad2 origin of DNA replication. As a consequence, the NFI-dependent increase in the efficiency of DNA replication observed upon addition of viral DNA-binding protein was the same when the full-length or DNA-binding domain derivative of NFI was added. Thus it appears that all of the activities associated with the ability of NFI to stimulate Ad2 DNA replication are located within the DNA-binding domain of the protein.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1991

Human papillomavirus type 16 infection of the cervix: a comparison of differing DNA detection modes and the use of monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein.

An immuno-peroxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein L1 of HPV-16 was compared with dot-blot hybridisation of cervical scrapes and in situ hybridisation of cervical biopsy specimens for HPV-16 DNA. In a series of 20 patients all techniques were specific for HPV-16 infection. Ten patients were positive by dot-blot hybridisation and half of those were positive by in situ hybridisation. Only one of HPV-16 DNA positive cases showed L1 protein expression, apparently shortly after the onset of clinical infection. Whether major capsid protein expression reflects episodes of viral replication deserves further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Current conceptualizations on masochism: genesis and object relations.

Masochism has become one of the most confusing and controversial clinical and diagnostic terms within the psychotherapy literature. When defined, however, as a self-defeating way of loving and individuating, masochism remains a particularly useful clinical construct. This article is designed to: (1) review the literature related to the definition, scope and relevance of masochism; (2) present a descriptive clinical overview of the masochistic personality; (3) describe and discuss the etiology of the disorder and (4) discuss masochistic object choice. Masochists' object relations are characterized by loving objects who give non-love in return in order: (1) to attain fusion with the primary object with whom they feel an impossible separation and (2) to heal a narcissistic injury by making critical and rejecting objects love and approve of them. Masochists tend to choose idealized but unloving partners with whom they behave as caretakers or self-objects. This frequently leads them into relationships with individuals who have borderline and narcissitic character structures. While borderline and narcissistic individuals initially fulfill the masochist's underlying wish for idealized symbiosis, they later recapitulate the erratic environment of the masochist's childhood.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the gingiva. A clinicopathological study.

A case is reported of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the gingiva. The 65-year-old female presented with a fast-growing mass originating from the left lower gingiva. The tumor measured 15 cm in diameter, occupying the entire oral cavity, protruding outside, and causing a mechanical airway obstruction. It appeared to respond to a 1000 rad single dose of preoperative radiation but recurred soon after composite resection with mandibulectomy, even though surgical margins were reportedly free from microscopic invasion. The patient expired from massive lung metastasis in spite of appreciable local response from treatment. This supports the thesis that MFH is a malignant disease and behaves like any soft-tissue sarcoma, which must be treated aggressively by a combined modality of surgery, radiation, and perhaps chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the endocervix: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study of two cases.

The histopathological diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the endocervix may be difficult. Two cases of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) were examined using mucin histochemistry and immunocytochemistry with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigens (HMFG1, Ep1), low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CAM 5.2), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-amylase. The results were compared with those for normal endocervical glands. Reactivity for CEA in MDA was focal and would be unreliable for biopsy diagnosis. Both cases of MDA contained abundant neutral mucins and sialomucins, whereas sulfomucins were rarely detected; this pattern contrasted with that of normal endocervix. Neoplastic glandular epithelial cells in MDA consistently showed both luminal and cytoplasmic reactivity with Ep1 and HMFG1, whereas normal cervix showed luminal labeling only. Thus, mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemical detection of epithelial membrane antigens may distinguish between extremely well differentiated neoplastic glands in MDA and normal endocervical glands, and hence may aid diagnosis in biopsy specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗