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Biomedical subjects

M Wieser

Publications and source records attributed to M Wieser.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia and related morbidity induced by myelotoxic chemotherapy.

A phase Ib/II clinical study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to attenuate neutropenia and associated morbidity caused by high-dose anticancer chemotherapy administered in the presence or absence of autologous bone marrow support. We treated 22 patients with various solid tumors and lymphoid neoplasias with a single daily subcutaneous dose of GM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2) 48 h after a second cycle of highly myelotoxic chemotherapy for a period of 10 days and compared intraindividually neutropenia-related clinical and laboratory variables with data obtained from the same patients having previously received a first neutropenia-inducing cycle of identical chemotherapy in the absence of GM-CSF. We show that GM-CSF is active in neutropenic patients by significantly increasing the neutrophil nadir, reducing the time of relevant neutropenia, and reducing the duration of the patient's hospital stay and necessity for parenteral antibiotics. No significant toxicity was encountered with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1990

Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia and related morbidity induced by myelotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: A phase Ib/II clinical study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating (GM-CSF) factor in attenuating neutropenia and associated morbidity caused by high-dose anticancer chemotherapy administered in the presence or absence of autologous bone marrow support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with various solid tumors and lymphoid neoplasias were treated with a single daily subcutaneous dose of rh GM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2) 48 hours after receiving a second cycle of highly myelotoxic chemotherapy for a period of 10 days. Within-subject comparisons on neutropenia-related clinical and laboratory variables were made with data obtained from the same patients after they received the first neutropenia-inducing cycle of identical chemotherapy in the absence of GM-CSF. RESULTS: GM-CSF was active in neutropenic patients because it significantly increased the neutrophilic nadir, reduced the time of relevant neutropenia, and reduced the duration of a patient's hospital stay and the necessity for parenteral antibiotics. No significant toxicity was encountered with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment. CONCLUSION: Although GM-CSF was shown to significantly reduce chemotherapy-associated morbidity in patients receiving myelotoxic cancer chemotherapy, additional studies are needed to assess whether the use of GM-CSF in anticancer chemotherapy will allow an increase in the dosage level, leading to improved response rates and survival among cancer patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-4 induces secretion of CSF for granulocytes and CSF for macrophages by peripheral blood monocytes.

T cells are known to interact cooperatively with monocytes to produce Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF), although T cell-mediated signals leading to CSF secretion by monocytes are not completely understood. We have made use of Northern blot hybridization and specific bioassays to study the effects of the T cell product interleukin-4 (IL-4) on monocyte CSF expression. The results suggest a previously unrecognized role of IL-4 as a CSF inducer since exposure of monocytes to IL-4 resulted in accumulation of transcripts for granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF). Consequently, IL-4-activated monocytes released factors in their culture supernatants biologically and antigenically indistinguishable from G- and M-CSF.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hyperextension spinal fracture.

Hyperextension thoracolumbar spinal fractures are unusual and occur primarily in patients with ankylosed spines. Early diagnosis to avoid neurologic deterioration requires a high index of suspicion, given the paucity of radiographic findings. The biomechanics of the fracture and its treatment differ from more typical spinal fractures in several important aspects.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

The influence of a chronic vitamin A deficiency on the rat cochlea.

Rats were fed a vitamin-A-free diet and the cochleas of these animals were studied under the light and electron microscope. The cochlear function was tested by means of the electrocochleography. No pathologic changes could be found in the organ of Corti; the stria vascularis and the cochleas showed normal development. The recordings of the deficient rats are identical in configuration to controls, but they are shifted to higher intensities due to an otitis media found in the tested animals. These findings suggest that vitamin A does not have an important function in the inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The long-term period measurement, an instrumental method in phoniatry.

With the help of an Analog to Digital Converter we are able to perform serial and statistical analysis in the time domain. The difficulty in those long-term period measurements consists in the correct extraction of the periodicity in human voice. A simple method is the electroglottography, which, however, is not applicable in all cases. The analysis of the acoustic wave (translated via microphone) demands a lot of electronics if to be precise. Our investigation consists of a compromise between precision and amount of instrumentation, and we only took one parameter as a criterion. The possible error is negligible. We present the results of this measurement type using the patterns of one normal voice and eight different kinds of voice disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Technical analyses of voice disorders (author's transl)].

Ideally, the technical analysis of voice should be expected to supercede subjective analysis by listening. This paper discusses why today this is still not so and further presents the various methods of voice analysis and the difficulties experienced in their use. Experience of use in our clinic of a voice analyzer in a common voice disorder is described.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol Problems].

The interest in preventive measures of self-destructing behaviours is increasing considerably. However, it seems hardly possible to apply the traditional public-health model to the prevention of alcohol problems because this is influenced too much by clinical thinking. When trying to prevent alcohol-related disabilities, one has in fact to establish behaviourial standards. Preventive measures will yield success only if compulsive and persuasive strategies are combined. The Swiss institute for the prevention of alcohol problems tries to adapt its activities (research, media department, education department, alcohol policy) to the necessaries of a comprehensive concept of prevention.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1976

[A female mutational falsetto? (author's transl)].

This paper reports about a female mutational falsetto, that means an unusual high (309 Hz base frequency) fundamental frequency of the speaking voice in a 19-year-old girl. The psychological background and the epicrisis as well as the practical negative result of the hormon- and metabolism examination allow the diagnosis of this rare disturbance of the voice, the formal classification of which would on the other hand also allow the statement of a phononeurosis with a too high fundamental frequency of the speaking voice because the behavior of the voice from the menarche (12 years) up to the first examination does not seem assured definately. The individual median fundamental frequency of the speaking voice has inally been obtained at 270 Hz. Energy range of the speaking voice has been measured, glottography and sonagraphy has been carried out, all of which show the course of treatment clearly. It has been remarked critically that there has to be found a method to better reproduce the hearing impression in a figure. Investigations according to this have been made.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Whistler for two voices (sound of whistle produced by man) (author's transl)].

"Double tone whistling" is the rare ability to produce two different tones of whistle with the mouth at the same time and with volitional intervalls between two tones: melodies being whistled this way sound therefore as two voices. With two persons who have this ability we could tape several melodies, analyse them and conclude from this the origin of the two single tones. Beside that we also could analyse a case of "tripletone" melodies and compare it with the results of our sonogramms. The recordings were analysed with the AF-spectrum-analyser Songraph 6061 B. From the interpretation of the patterns follows: In nearly all cases there is a "switching over" between two tones (see Figs. 1, 4, 5). The intervall between the two tones is not fixed but harmonic. Listening to this gives the impression of tremolo. One of our persons could even continue whistling are tone after the change over to the other tone for a short time (about 50 msec). You get the impression of "switching over" even when only listening to the recording of the double-tone whistling of person 2. As mentioned above, we were able to analyse the "melodies for three voices" as indicated by Scheminzky (1957). "Double tone whistling" and independent humming at a lower frequency form this three voices of the "three voice melody". In opposition to Scheminzky's conjecture, a changing over and not a continuous side by side of the two single tones is the basis of this "doubletone whistling". The results of our analysis are: Person 1 seems to be able to form two resonant rooms in the mouth cavity with the tongue with two resonance frequencies. Person 2 could indicate two kinds of whistle at two voices: a) The tongue is being moved forth and back in the rhythm of the switching over. b) The tongue is being fixed and the cheeks change the shape of the mouth-cavity in the rhythm of the change over.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental lipidosis of the inner ear. Morphological and functional results.

Chronic administration of chlorphentermine in young rats induces an accumulation of lysosomes containing phospholipids in the inner ear. The inner hair cells, the dark cells of the stria vascularis, the perikarya of the spiral ganglion and some supporting cells are those most affected, whereas the outer hair cells always remain free. Most of the nerve fibres coursing radially to the inner hair cells as well as some tunnel crossing and outer spiral fibres are swollen, filled with osmiophilic material and vacuoles and sometimes degenerated. After discontinuing the treatment the changes remain, though to a lesser degree. The inclusions lead to changes in the cochlear compound action potential. The threshold, the latency of the first component and the time difference of the individual components are clearly changed at higher sound levels. After stopping chlorphentermine feeding the hearing ability improves but it does not become normal. Since the inclusions are found mainly in the inner hair cells and nerve fibres, we assume that the lipid turnover in these structures is especially high.

Animals↗