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Biomedical subjects

M Windle

Publications and source records attributed to M Windle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Family, religious, school and peer influences on adolescent alcohol use: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the cross-temporal relationship between family social support and adolescent alcohol use was examined. A primary aim was to investigate the mechanisms through which family social support affects drinking among youth. Another aim was to examine reciprocal relationships among the study variables. METHOD: Four-wave (with 6-month intervals) panel survey data collected from 840 middle adolescent boys (n = 443) and girls (n = 397) attending a suburban school district in western New York were analyzed using structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that family social support was indirectly associated with decreased alcohol consumption among the respondents, primarily through variables measuring religiosity, school grades and peer alcohol use. In addition, adolescent alcohol use was directly associated with subsequent increases in peer alcohol use and later decreases in school performance. Results also showed that receiving good grades in school predicted moderate increases in family social support. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study are discussed in terms of the interrelationships that exist among multiple socializing influences and alcohol use among adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among middle adolescents: prospective associations and intrapersonal and interpersonal influences.

Using data from a 4-wave longitudinal study with a school-based sample of 1,218 middle adolescents, the authors investigated the directionality (e.g., unidirectionality and bidirectionality) of the prospective relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette use within the context of potential confounding variables and common and unique intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors. Findings indicated that serious and persistent depressive symptoms were prospective predictors of increased cigarette use across time, after controlling for baseline levels of smoking. Similarly, heavy and persistent smoking prospectively predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors of cross-temporal changes in depressive symptoms and cigarette use were more unique than common. Latent growth curve modeling indicated a quadratic trend in adolescent cigarette smoking across time with an initial acceleration followed by a deceleration, though there was substantial intraindividual variation in individual trajectories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A new measure of parenting practices involving preadolescent- and adolescent-aged children.

Parenting behaviors have played critical roles in various theoretical and clinical models that have sought to explain the development and course of deviant child behavior. Notwithstanding the importance of this topic, the extant literature reveals very few adequate instruments for describing such patterns. To address 3 this need, the authors developed a self-report procedure for assessing parenting practices involving preadolescent and adolescent children, the Loeber Youth Questionnaire. Preliminary reliability and concurrent validity data were quite encouraging, and the instrument's two major dimensions (affect and control) fit well with the existing clinical and research literature. Limitations and future research directions are addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Young adult children of alcoholic, depressed and nondistressed parents.

OBJECTIVE: Although the study of children of alcoholics (COAs) has been a highly productive line of inquiry within the alcoholism research arena, there is a limited literature on the nature, degree and pervasiveness of drinking and nondrinking outcomes exhibited by COAs as they move into their young adult years. The aim of the current study was to extend earlier work on this topic using a larger and older sample than had been available previously. METHOD: Both structured telephone interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain drinking, psychiatric and psychosocial functioning data from 128 (67 female) adult offspring of alcoholic fathers (COAs), 138 (73 male) adult offspring of normal control fathers and 127 (79 female) adult offspring of depressed fathers. RESULTS: Cross-group differences were stronger and more wide-ranging than those found in our earlier analyses, indicating that significantly more COAs than comparison offspring were experiencing serious problems in the areas of drinking, personality/psychopathology and educational/social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings provide further evidence that the risks for COAs might relate specifically to parental alcoholism and its impact on offspring development and not to the combined effects of various parental psychopathologies and/or extreme forms of family instability. When evaluated within the larger COA literature, these data support the assumption that there may be a continuity of adverse effects associated with COAs as they move from adolescence into their young adult years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Depression and heavy alcohol use among adolescents: concurrent and prospective relations.

This study of over 1,000 adolescents focused on common and distinctive correlates of four subgroups--no problem, depressed only, heavy drinking only, and mixed (depressed and heavy drinking). Correlates were evaluated from the domains of personal dispositions (e.g., temperament), interpersonal relations (e.g., parent and peer), stressful life events, and other problem behaviors (e.g., delinquency, substance use). The no-problem subgroup differed from the other three subgroups in the direction of healthier functioning on almost all measures. The mixed subgroup reported the most pervasive, low levels of functioning, with the highest levels of childhood externalizing problems and stressful life events, the lowest levels of family social support, and high levels of delinquency and substance use. The depressed-only subgroup reported a more internalized pattern characterized by childhood avoidance problems, a difficult temperament (e.g., inflexibility, withdrawal, low task orientation), interpersonal stressors, and poor coping strategies. The heavy-drinking-only subgroup was characterized by higher drinking levels by primary caregivers and lower levels of family cohesion as reported by primary caregivers. The 1-year prospective findings were generally consistent with the concurrent findings in that variables that were associated with transitions toward and away from depression and heavy drinking were associated with specific transitions (e.g., childhood externalizing problems were associated with the transition from no problem to heavy drinking).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder among alcoholic inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the adequacy of two measurement systems--the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) and DSM-III diagnosed antisocial personality disorder (APD)--to distinguish alcoholic inpatients with regard to alcoholism characteristics, criminal activities and psychiatric disorders. METHOD: The 740 patients, who included 440 men, 387 blacks and 199 Hispanics, were admitted to one of five New York State alcohol treatment inpatient centers. Each patient was interviewed, and DSM-III diagnoses and other characteristics were recorded, and trained interviewers completed the PCL-R. RESULTS: There was a statistically nonsignificant association between DSM-III-based APD diagnosis and PCL-based psychopathy diagnosis. APD (relative to non-APD) alcoholics had an earlier onset of problem drinking, higher levels of pathological drinking and social impairment, and a higher prevalence of familial alcoholism; a similar pattern was not indicated for PCL-R diagnosed psychopaths relative to nonpsychopaths. APD alcoholics also engaged in higher levels of criminal activities and violent acts. APD alcoholics had a higher prevalence of substance abuse disorders, and psychopaths had a higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct subpopulations of alcoholic inpatients are identified via the APD criteria of DSM-III and the psychopathy criterion of the PCL-R. The majority of the identified psychopathic alcoholics in this sample were likely to be secondary psychopaths, characterized by features of psychopathy (e.g., callousness, manipulativeness) and emotional dysregulation and/or thought disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use: current findings.

The authors provide assessment of prevalence of adolescent substance use, along with a description of risk and protective factors and process-oriented conceptual approach to prevention of substance use among teens. They present selected adolescent substance use prevention programs and results from evaluation studies. Limitations of existing prevention programs and suggestions for future prevention efforts are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Temperament and novelty seeking in adolescent substance use: convergence of dimensions of temperament with constructs from Cloninger's theory.

This study investigated the convergence of temperament dimensions with constructs from C. R. Cloninger's (1987a) theory using data from a sample of 949 adolescents (M age = 13.6 years). Substantial convergence was found, and both types of constructs were related in predicted ways to self-regulation variables and adolescent substance use. Structural modeling procedures tested a mediational model for substance use; results showed mediation through self-control, academic competence, negative life events, and deviant peer affiliations. Interactions indicated that substance use could be predicted from a balance of systems for good control and poor control. Poor self-control was present for dimensions implicated in both externalizing and internalizing disorders. Results are discussed with reference to self-regulation models of substance use and the comorbidity of substance abuse and mental disorder.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

The trading of sex for money or drugs, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV-related risk behaviors among multisubstance using alcoholic inpatients.

Data from 802 multisubstance using alcoholic inpatients (481 men and 321 women) were analyzed to determine whether trading sex for money or drugs was associated with self-reported STDs, self-reported HIV infection, and perceptions of current and future probable infection. Logistic and ordinal polychotomous regression models were used to evaluate the statistical significance of sex trade on STDs and HIV-related behaviors while controlling for other potential confounding variables such as cocaine abuse and i.v. drug use. Involvement in sex trade was associated with higher cocaine abuse, with STDs, and with self-reported HIV infection. The multivariate (adjusted) models supported the significance of sex trade with regard to STDs and HIV-related behaviors. The findings indicated that, among these multisubstance using alcoholic inpatients, high levels of trading sex for money or drugs were independently associated with self-reported STDs, a cofactor of HIV infection, as well as self-reported HIV infection and perceptions of risk for infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gender-specific pathways between maternal depressive symptoms, family discord, and adolescent adjustment.

Relations among maternal depressive symptoms, family discord, and adolescent psychological adjustment were examined in a sample of 443 middle adolescents and their mothers. Histories of maternal depressive symptoms, gathered at 3 occasions with 6-month intervals, were related to subsequent adolescent reports of depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and academic difficulties for girls but not for boys. Mediational tests indicated that girls' greater vulnerability to family discord (e.g., marital discord, low family intimacy, parenting impairments) accounted for the impact of maternal depressive symptoms on their social and emotional adjustment. Analyses suggest that family discord is a strong mediator in the development of girls' conduct disturbances and a modest mediator of girls' depressive symptoms. Results are discussed within a framework that integrates interpersonal models of parental depressive symptoms with the gender intensification hypothesis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

An investigation of adolescents' substance use behaviors, depressed affect, and suicidal behaviors.

Data from a four-wave panel design of 975 adolescents were used to study inter-relationships among suicidal behaviors, depressive symptoms, and substance use behaviors. Persistently high levels of problem drinking and depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Higher levels of depressive symptoms and greater cigarette and illicit drug use distinguished suicidal ideators from attempters. Adolescents attempting suicide reported lower levels of family social support, a greater use of substances to cope with stressors, and a higher density of substance-using peers. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions with high-risk teens are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Mate similarity, heavy substance use and family history of problem drinking among young adult women.

OBJECTIVE: This study used data from a national sample of young adult women to evaluate issues about spousal similarity for problem drinking. Paternal and maternal problem drinking were also evaluated in regard to daughters' marriage to a problem drinking spouse, and daughters' problem drinking and substance use. METHOD: Data from over 5,000 young adult women (ages 23-30 yrs) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) archive were used to evaluate associations between marrying a problem-drinking spouse, family history of problem drinking, and women's problem drinking and lifetime marijuana and cocaine use. RESULTS: Findings indicated that black women were less likely to marry a problem-drinking spouse than were Hispanic, Native American or white women. Problem-drinking women were twice as likely to have married a problem-drinking spouse than were non-drinking women, and heavier lifetime marijuana or cocaine use by women was also associated with an almost twofold increase in marrying a problem-drinking spouse. Random effects ordinal probit regression models indicated that, while controlling for major sociodemographic variables (e.g., race, poverty status), maternal, paternal and spousal problem drinking all significantly predicted problem drinking and heavier levels of substance use among the women. CONCLUSIONS: Nonrandom matching of problem drinking among marital partners was indicated in this study and women's problem drinking and substance use practices were predicted by paternal, maternal and spousal problem drinking. The similarity of problem-drinking spouses was not constant across racial/ethnic groups, as black women were less likely to marry a problem-drinking spouse, though racial differences in the age of onset of heavier drinking may have influenced this finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Job dissatisfaction and substance use among employed high school students: the moderating influence of active and avoidant coping styles.

This study extends prior stress-coping-substance use research among adolescents by examining the employment context. Specifically, this study examines the relation of job dissatisfaction to substance use and the potential moderating influence of active and avoidant coping styles. Data were obtained from 446 employed high school students. Ordered-probit regression analyses reveal that job dissatisfaction is positively related to cigarette and alcohol use, but not to illicit drug use. Coping styles do not moderate the relation between job dissatisfaction and substance use. Nonetheless, coping styles have significant main-effect relations to substance use. Active coping is negatively related and avoidant coping is positively related to both cigarette and alcohol use. Neither coping style is related to illicit drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Concepts and issues in COA research.

Estimates of the number of children of alcoholics (COA's) and the prevalence of alcohol use disorders among them can vary widely from study to study depending on research design features such as sample selection, data collection strategies, and assessment methods. Although investigators agree that COA's are at higher risk for developing alcohol use disorders than children of nonalcoholics, problems with alcohol are not an inevitable consequence of COA status. Recent research has identified numerous biological, psychological, and social factors associated with a family history of alcoholism that may play a role in determining whether COA's will develop an alcohol use disorder. The conceptual model presented in this article gives a general overview of how such risk factors can interact with life stressors to influence alcohol-related behavior in COA's. (Subsequent articles in this issue explore some of the specific factors identified in the model in greater depth.).

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1996

Vietnam combat exposure and recent drug use: a national study.

Traumatic life experiences may have long-term adverse psychological consequences, including illicit drug use. We analyzed data from the 1985-1986 Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study to investigate this issue. Over 2,400 Vietnam veterans indicated the amount of combat to which they had been exposed, and reported on their drug use while in the Army and during the year interval prior to the interview. Combat exposure was significantly related to recent drug use, even when Army drug use and demographic factors were controlled statistically.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cumulative sexual intercourse patterns among middle adolescents: problem behavior precursors and concurrent health risk behaviors.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to document associations among problem behaviors in childhood and early adolescence and several health risk behaviors in middle adolescence, including a cumulative index of sexual intercourse risk. METHOD: A nontreatment sample of 1167 10th and 11th grade students was recruited from three homogeneous suburban high schools in western New York. Intercourse activity and number of sexual partners were assessed four times at 6-month intervals over a 2-year period via self-report questionnaires administered in classroom settings. RESULTS: Sexual intercourse activity, once initiated, was found to be relatively persistent, rather than sporadic, for most adolescents. Repeated intercourse experience with multiple partners over the assessed time periods was associated with higher levels of externalizing childhood behavior problems, earlier onset of antisocial behaviors and substance use, and higher concurrent substance use. An avoidant, withdrawn behavioral style in childhood was associated with lower rates of sexual involvement in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal linkages among childhood precursors and adolescent sexual behaviors were identified as critical to understanding adolescent risk behaviors. These cross-time relationships may identify potential targets for future intervention/prevention efforts among high risk subsamples of children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Coping strategies, drinking motives, and stressful life events among middle adolescents: associations with emotional and behavioral problems and with academic functioning.

A sample of 733 middle adolescents was used to study interrelations among coping strategies, drinking motives, stressful life events (major, daily positive, and daily negative), emotional and behavioral problems, and academic functioning. A main-effects (vs. stress-buffering) model was supported. Some predictors (e.g., task-oriented coping, major stressful events) were general in their predictive relations to the outcome variables, whereas others were highly specific (e.g., emotion-focused coping predicting depressed affect). Overall, the predictors accounted for 22-53% of the variance in regression equations. Positive daily events predicted higher levels of alcohol use, alcohol problems, and delinquent activity; as well as higher academic performance and lower levels of depressed affect.

Achievement↗