PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Wines

Publications and source records attributed to M Wines.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Pancreatic trauma in children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the etiology, associated injuries, and outcome of children with pancreatic injuries. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of children under 16 years with pancreatic trauma admitted to the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW) from January 1983 to September 2002. Deaths were reported to the New South Wales Paediatric Trauma Death Registry (State Registry) from January 1988 to September 2002. RESULTS: Sixty-five cases were identified: 46 patients were admitted to CHW, and 22 deaths were reported to the State Registry (including 3 deaths at CHW). The median age was 6 years (range, 1 to 14 years). Boys accounted for 60% (n = 40) of cases, decreasing to 50% (n = 11) of those that died. Motor vehicle injuries (MVI) were the most common mechanism, accounting for 40% of survivors and 77% of those who died. Children were restrained incorrectly in 48% of all cases and in 67% of those who died. Significantly more children who died had head, chest, and abdominal visceral injuries, compared with those who survived. Death occurred as a result of head injuries in 68%, with only 3 deaths directly attributed to pancreatico-duodenal injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic injuries remain uncommon in children. The most frequent mechanism was MVI, with incorrect use of passenger restraints an important contributing factor. Whereas mortality was mainly caused by other injuries, 3 deaths were directly attributable to pancreato-duodenal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Understanding pyoderma gangrenosum: a review.

CONTEXT: Diagnosis and management of pyoderma gangrenosum, a chronic, ulcerative cutaneous inflammatory disease often associated with systemic disease, requires a multidisciplinary approach. No large-scale, controlled trials have been conducted and, as a consequence, the knowledge of this condition is largely based on anecdotal reports. OBJECTIVE: To investigate current understanding of the diagnosis and management of pyoderma gangrenosum. DESIGN: Critical review article. Two hundred eighty-six articles, limited to articles in English and pertaining to humans, were retrieved and reviewed from a MEDLINE search spanning the years 1960-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum often requires consultation by multiple specialists in different fields of medicine. Treatment is individually tailored and depends on disease severity and the presence of associated disease. Local treatment is sufficient for mild disease, and the use of immunosuppressive agents is reserved for severe or refractory cases, with cyclosporin being the agent of choice. The long-term outcome for these patients has not been established.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Hippocampus-dependent learning and memory is impaired in mice lacking the Ras-guanine-nucleotide releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1).

Previous results have suggested that the Ras signaling pathway is involved in learning and memory. Ras is activated by nucleotide exchange factors, such as the calmodulin-activated guanine-nucleotide releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1). To test whether Ras-GRF1 is required for learning and memory, we inactivated the Ras-GRF1 gene in mice. These mutants performed normally in a rota-rod motor coordination task, and in two amygdala-dependent tasks (inhibitory avoidance and contextual conditioning). In contrast the mutants were impaired in three hippocampus-dependent learning tasks: contextual discrimination, the social transmission of food preferences, and the hidden-platform version of the Morris water maze. These studies indicate that Ras-GRF1 plays a role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2001

Retrospective review of reconstructive methods of conchal bowl defects following mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Mohs micrographic surgery has consistently been demonstrated to be the most effective method for excision of potentially aggressive lesions of the conchal bowl. A variety of techniques are employed to reconstruct the conchal bowl following surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the type and frequency of reconstruction techniques used and the factors influencing the surgeons choice of reconstruction METHOD METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 272 patients with conchal bowl tumors. RESULTS: Split thickness skin grafting was the preferred method of reconstruction. The histopathology of the lesions and the size of the post-Mohs defect did not influence the choice of technique, except for lesions less than 1 cm in which healing by secondary intention was favored. CONCLUSION: Tumor size, type, and aggressiveness did not influence repair technique choice. Surgeon preference was therefore the principle factor dictating method of reconstructive technique following Mohs micrographic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enteric beta-defensin: molecular cloning and characterization of a gene with inducible intestinal epithelial cell expression associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection.

A growing body of evidence suggests that endogenous antibiotics contribute to the innate defense of mammalian mucosal surfaces. In the cow, beta-defensins constitute a large family of antibiotic peptides whose members have been previously isolated from the respiratory and oral mucosa, as well as circulating phagocytic cells. A novel bovine genomic clone with beta-defensin-related sequence [corrected] related to those of these alpha-defensins was isolated and characterized. The corresponding cDNA was isolated from a small intestinal library; its open reading frame predicts a deduced sequence of a novel beta-defensin, which we designate enteric beta-defensin (EBD). Northern blot analysis of a variety of bovine tissues revealed that EBD mRNA is highly expressed in the distal small intestine and colon, anatomic locations distinct from those for previously characterized beta-defensins. EBD mRNA was further localized by in situ hybridization to epithelial cells of the colon and small intestinal crypts. Infection of two calves with the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum induced 5- and 10-fold increases above control levels of EBD mRNA in intestinal tissues. An anchored-PCR strategy was used to identify other beta-defensin mRNAs expressed in the intestine. In addition to that of EBD, several low-abundance cDNAs which corresponded to other beta-defensin mRNAs were cloned. Most of these clones encoded previously characterized beta-defensins or closely related isoforms, but two encoded a previously uncharacterized prepro-beta-defensin. Northern blot evidence supported that all of these other beta-defensin genes are expressed at levels lower than that of the EBD gene in enteric tissue. Furthermore, some of these beta-defensin mRNAs were abundant in bone marrow, suggesting that in enteric tissue their expression may be in cells of hematopoietic origin. Extracts of small intestinal mucosa obtained from healthy cows have numerous active chromatographic fractions as determined by an antibacterial assay, and one peptide was partially purified. The peptide corresponded to one of the low-abundance cDNAs. This study provides evidence of beta-defensin expression in enteric tissue and that the mRNA encoding a major beta-defensin of enteric tissue, EBD, is inducibly expressed in enteric epithelial cells. These findings support the proposal that beta-defensins may contribute to host defense of enteric mucosa.

Amino Acid Sequence↗