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M Y Dawood

Publications and source records attributed to M Y Dawood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Insulin-like growth factor I receptors in human corpora lutea.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence and binding characteristics of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors in corpora lutea (CL) of spontaneous and clomiphene citrate (CC)-induced cycles and to identify any relationship between IGF receptors and cytosol progesterone (P) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP) levels. DESIGN: Women undergoing bilateral tubal ligation were divided into two groups. One group received no medication (controls) and the other took 50 mg of CC. Midluteal phase CL were recovered at tubal ligation for hormone and receptor analysis. SETTING: Patients were recruited from a university hospital setting. PATIENTS: Eleven fertile women 26 to 37 years of age requesting bilateral tubal ligation were studied. INTERVENTIONS: Four women were given 50 mg/d of CC from days 5 through 9 of study cycle. Seven women did not take any medication. Minilaparotomy bilateral tubal ligation and luteectomy were performed 7 to 9 days after midcycle urinary (LH) surge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Insulin-like growth factor receptor concentrations and binding characteristics and cytosol P and 17 alpha-OHP levels in individual CL. RESULTS: Optimal binding for 125I-IGF-I with membrane fractions of homogenized CL was obtained with incubation at 4 degrees C for 16 hours. Specific binding (mean +/- SEM) was significantly higher in CC-treated (53.6% +/- 4.8%) than in control cycles (25.9% +/- 5.5%, P less than 0.001). Receptor concentrations were also significantly higher in CL from CC-induced (145.6 +/- 21.8 pmol/mg protein) than from control cycles (74.8 +/- 15.2 pmol/mg protein, P less than 0.02). Insulin-like growth factor receptor levels correlated with neither serum nor cytosol P and 17 alpha-OHP in CL from either cycles. CONCLUSION: Specific IGF-I receptors are present in human CL of the menstrual cycle with higher concentrations present in CC-induced cycles. Thus IGF may express its action on luteal function through its receptors in CL.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histology of midluteal corpus luteum and endometrium from clomiphene citrate-induced cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the histologic development of midluteal corpus luteum (CL) and endometrium in normal fertile women after induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN, PATIENTS, INTERVENTIONS: Twelve normally cycling women planning to undergo an elective tubal ligation were treated with 50 to 150 mg of CC daily on days 5 through 9 of the cycle. Luteectomy and endometrial biopsy were performed simultaneously 7 days after the urinary luteinizing hormone surge. RESULTS: Because polyovulation occurred in 10 of the 12 women, 22 CL and 12 endometrial biopsies were studied. Ten women had luteal and endometrial histology that were within 2 days of the ovulation to biopsy interval. The 2 remaining women had endometrial histology that lagged 3 days behind the chronological postovulatory date. In these women, out-of-phase endometrium occurred despite polyovulatory cycles in which two and three histologically normal CL lutea were present and associated with elevated progesterone concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In CC-induced ovulatory cycles: (1) midluteal CL histology is normal and (2) apparently out-of-phase preimplantation endometrium occurs in midluteal phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of clomiphene citrate on the synthesis and release of the human beta-lactoglobulin homologue, pregnancy associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin, by the uterine endometrium.

As an extension to a previous study to examine the effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) on human chorionic gonadotrophin/luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors in human corpora lutea, we sought to determine the effect of CC on the synthesis of the beta-lactoglobulin homologue, pregnancy associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin (alpha 2-PEG) by the luteal phase human endometrium. Seventeen normally-cycling women aged 25.9 +/- 2.1 years (mean +/- SE), undergoing elective tubal ligation, were divided into four groups consisting of controls (n = 2) and three treatment groups. Each of the treatment groups (n = 5/group) was treated with either 50 mg (group 1), 100 mg (group 2) or 150 mg (group 3) of CC daily on days 5 to 9 of the cycle. Portions of endometrial tissue were obtained by curettage 7 to 9 days following the urinary LH surge and were either fixed for histological analyses or cultured in vitro in the presence of [35S]methionine. Tissue media (TCM) that were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography indicated that the synthesis of alpha 2-PEG was most markedly reduced in groups 2 and 3. Densitometric scans of TCM Western blots and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of TCM showed that the overall synthesis of alpha 2-PEG decreased from 5.8 +/- 1.9 arbitrary units (AU) and 371.2 +/- 239.3 ng/ml in group 1 to 3.1 +/- 0.8 AU and 69.4 +/- 24.9 ng/ml, and 2.7 +/- 1.1 AU and 52.4 +/- 19.8 ng/ml in groups 2 and 3 respectively. On cycle days 20-22, control values were 5.8 AU and 498.1 ng/ml respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Induction of labor with pulsatile oxytocin.

In a prospective, randomized study, 106 patients underwent induction of labor with either pulsed (every 8 minutes) (n = 50) or continuous (n = 56) intravenous infusion of oxytocin. Maternal characteristics, gestational age at induction, induction-delivery interval, analgesia for labor, cesarean section rates, and newborn characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean +/- SEM total oxytocin administered was significantly less in the pulsed group (3564 +/- 487 mU) than in the continuous group (7684 +/- 844 mU; p less than 0.0001); the average dose of oxytocin administered per minute was significantly lower in the pulsed group (3.9 +/- 0.3 mU/min) than in the continuous group (7.8 +/- 0.4 mU/min; p less than 0.0001); the peak or highest administered dose of oxytocin expressed per minute was also signficantly lower in the pulsed group (9.6 +/- 0.8 mU/min) than in the continuous group (14.1 +/- 0.7 mU/min; p less than 0.0001). These significant differences persisted even when controlled for parity, Bishop's score of the cervix, and number of days induction of labor was carried out. Uterine hyperstimulation occurred infrequently in both groups (3.6% to 4.0%). The pulsed group required a significantly smaller infusion volume (25 +/- 14 ml) than the continuous group (780 +/- 84 ml; p less than 0.0001). Thus pulsatile administration uses significantly less oxytocin and infusion fluid but is as effective and safe as continuous infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Luteal insufficiency: correlation between endometrial dating and integrated progesterone output in clomiphene citrate-induced cycles.

Midluteal phase endometrium was histologically dated with midcycle luteinizing hormone surge time in 29 cycles from 10 parous women during untreated cycles (control) and treatment with clomiphene citrate 50 mg and 150 mg daily on days 5 through 9. Integrated progesterone output for 7 days after luteinizing hormone surge calculated from the daily plasma progesterone levels was 66.6 +/- 9.8 ng/ml in the control group compared with 117.5 +/- 18.6 ng/ml for clomiphene citrate 50 mg treatment and 152.1 +/- 11 ng/ml for clomiphene citrate 150 mg treatment (p less than or equal to 0.05). Only one cycle (clomiphene citrate 150 mg) had an out-of-phase endometrium and a significantly reduced integrated progesterone output of 28 ng/ml. All other cycles showed synchronous endometrial maturation. We conclude that luteal insufficiency as a result of clomiphene citrate treatment in ovulatory women is infrequent and is more likely to be a result of functional outcome of a relative lack of luteal phase progesterone output.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dysmenorrhea.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized crossover comparison with placebo TENS and ibuprofen.

In a randomized four-way crossover study, 32 women with primary dysmenorrhea were treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for two cycles, placebo (sham) TENS for one cycle, or ibuprofen 400 mg four times a day for one cycle. The TENS setting used was 100 pulses per second with 100-microsecond pulse widths. The subjects were allowed to adjust the amplitude to a comfortable level. The pain rescue medication was ibuprofen 400 mg as needed, up to 1600 mg/day. Significantly more subjects who had TENS treatment did not require rescue medication or required less backup ibuprofen at 0-4, 4-8, and 8-12 hours after the onset of dysmenorrhea and starting treatment, as well as during the first 24 hours and for the duration of the menstrual flow, when compared with placebo TENS or ibuprofen-treated cycles (Tukey multiple comparison, P less than .01). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation significantly delayed the need for ibuprofen by an average of 5.9 hours, compared with 0.7 hours when using ibuprofen alone (P less than .05, paired t test). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone provided good to excellent subjective pain relief in 42.4% of subjects, compared with 3.2% with placebo TENS, and significantly reduced diarrhea, menstrual flow, clot formation, and fatigue compared with placebo TENS. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation plus less ibuprofen provided pain relief equivalent to that obtained with ibuprofen alone (71 and 75% of the subjects, respectively). We conclude that TENS is a safe, effective, non-medication method for managing primary dysmenorrhea and that TENS plus ibuprofen was the best overall treatment, as indicated by pain relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human corpora lutea from clomiphene citrate-induced cycles.

Midluteal phase corpora lutea (CL) obtained from women induced with 50 mg (n = 5), 100 mg (n = 5), and 150 mg (n = 5) of clomiphene citrate (CC) were measured for luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) concentrations and cytosol progesterone (P) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and compared with midluteal phase CL from eight normal women (controls). More CL (26) that were significantly heavier (2.0 +/- 0.3 g, [mean +/- SEM]) were obtained with CC than in controls (10). Clomiphene citrate treatment increased LH/hCG receptor concentrations and the dissociation constant significantly from 69 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein and 1.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(-10) M, respectively, in controls to 112 +/- 6 fmol/mg protein and 2.1 +/- 0.1 X 10(-10) M. Cytosol P and 17-OHP levels were not significantly increased. Cumulatively these cellular effects may be responsible for increasing serum P and responsiveness to hCG and for correcting luteal dysfunction.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Cytosol progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels and luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human corpora lutea.

Cytosol progesterone (P) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels and luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptors were measured in 27 corpora lutea and four corpora albicantia. Cytosol P concentrations were highest in corpora lutea (mean +/- SEM, 3.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/g) during the midluteal phase (days 15 to 19) rather than the early (2.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/g, days 20 to 25) and late luteal phases (1.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/g, days 26 to 30). Cytosol 17-OHP concentrations also were 3.3 +/- 0.5, 4.3 +/- 0.6, and 3.3 +/- 1.0 micrograms/g in early, midluteal, and late luteal phases, respectively, and was significantly inversely correlated with occupied LH/hCG receptors in midluteal phase. Corpora albicantia had the lowest P (0.3 +/- 0.05 microgram/g) and 17-OHP (0.9 +/- 0.6 micrograms/g) concentrations. Cytosol P and 17-OHP may therefore reflect the balance between the luteal cell production and secretion, whereas the amount of occupied and unoccupied LH/hCG receptors may partially explain the relationship between LH and P secretion.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Retention of intrauterine fetal bone increases menstrual prostaglandins.

Intrauterine retention of fetal bone is a rare complication of abortion that can cause secondary infertility by an unknown mechanism. We report such a case in which menstrual fluid prostanoids were measured to elucidate the possible pathophysiology. The pattern of prostanoid increases was similar to that seen in intrauterine device users.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

Peri-implantation phase endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors: effect of ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate.

The effects of clomiphene citrate on endometrial nuclear estradiol receptors and progesterone receptors were examined in 10 normal women during an untreated cycle (control) and during treatment with 50 mg clomiphene citrate and 150 mg clomiphene citrate daily on days 5 through 9. Concentrations and binding constants of the receptors were determined in endometrium obtained 8 to 12 days after midcycle luteinizing hormone surge. Scatchard plots for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were linear, indicating only one type of high-affinity binding sites. In control cycles, estrogen receptor levels (mean +/- SEM) were 199.6 +/- 23.1 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, (n = 8) and were not significantly different from either 50 mg clomiphene citrate (180.5 +/- 19.1 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, n = 6) or 150 mg clomiphene citrate (194.3 +/- 35.2 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, n = 4). Similarly, the dissociation constants were unaffected by clomiphene citrate treatment. The concentrations of progesterone receptors in the control cycles (613 +/- 31 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, n = 5) and treatment cycles (50 mg clomiphene citrate -652.8 +/- 121 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, n = 6; 150 mg clomiphene citrate -592.6 +/- 31 fmol/mg deoxyribonucleic acid, n = 7) were also not significantly different. Clomiphene citrate also did not affect dissociation constants for progesterone receptors. Therefore, ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate apparently did not affect peri-implantation phase endometrial estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors or their respective binding constants.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and prostaglandin F2a on progesterone production by human luteal cells.

To determine and compare the direct effects of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on luteal cell progesterone production in vitro, 9 human corpora lutea obtained at tubal ligation were minced and treated with collagenase to disaggregate luteal cells. Dispersed luteal cells (80% viable) were incubated in air at 37 degrees C in a shaking water bath for 3 h and total progesterone in the media and cells was determined by radioimmunoassay. Optimum progesterone production was obtained using 25,000 or more cells per incubate and an incubation time of 2-4 h. hCG-stimulated progesterone production increased significantly with 0.01 IU to as high as 100 IU. In the early luteal phase (days 1-5 post ovulation or days 15-20 of the luteal phase), PGF2a (10-1000 ng) significantly inhibited progesterone production but significantly stimulated progesterone production in the mid-luteal phase (days 21-25). PGF2a had no effect on luteal cell progesterone production in the late luteal phase (days 26-30). This age-dependent direct effect of PGF2a on human luteal cell progesterone production in vitro indicates a role for PGF2a in the total intragonadal regulation of progesterone output, possibly through a paracrine or autocrine manner directed towards synchronizing luteal progesterone secretion and endometrial preparation for nidation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

Expression of the human relaxin gene in the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle and in the prostate.

DNA-RNA hybridization has been used to assess the presence of relaxin gene transcripts in human luteal tissues of pregnancy and the menstrual cycle, as well as in the human testis and prostate. The results imply a substantial capacity for hormone biosynthesis in the mid to late luteal phase of the ovary in non-pregnant women. In men the prostate has been shown also to express relaxin gene transcripts, though levels are low. The testis appears negative. The results suggest that functions for relaxin must be sought also outside pregnancy.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Cortical and trabecular bone mineral content in women with endometriosis: effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and danazol.

Cortical bone (distal radius and ulna) and trabecular bone mineral content of the thoracolumbar vertebrae (T-12 to L-4) were measured with single-photon absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography, respectively, in 55 women with laparoscopically staged endometriosis before, during, and after treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) or danazol. Mean pretreatment potassium phosphate mineral contents of T-12 to L-4 were 174 to 201 mg/ml in stage I to IV endometriosis and were within the 100 to 115th percentile of normal women. Similarly, cortical bone mineral contents were normal and were not significantly affected by either medication. Trabecular bone decreased significantly to 92.6 +/- 1.7% (n = 11, P less than 0.001) and 92.3 +/- 2.5% (n = 7, P less than 0.01) of baseline year after 6 months and 9 months of GnRH-a treatment and remained significantly depressed at 95.8 +/- 1.9% (P less than 0.0025) and 94.8 +/- 2.5% (P less than 0.005) 6 months after stopping treatment. Thus, cortical and trabecular bone mineral contents of women with endometriosis are normal, but treatment with GnRH-a induced significant loss of trabecular bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The luteinizing hormone surge: timing and characteristics in the plasma and urine after clomiphene citrate treatment.

Clomiphene citrate (CC) has been used to influence the timing of ovulation. To evaluate the effects of CC on the timing of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, we examined the LH surge in 10 cycling normal women for 3 cycles each, during an untreated cycle (control) and during treatment with 50 mg CC (CC 50) and 150 mg CC (CC 150) daily on days 5 to 9. Length of control cycles (mean +/- standard error of the mean) was 28.5 +/- 1.1 days and was not significantly different from either CC 50 (28.2 +/- 0.6 days) or CC 150 cycles (29.0 +/- 0.4 days). LH surge occurred on day 16.4 +/- 1.2 in control, 16.5 +/- 0.5 in CC 50, and 17.1 +/- 0.7 in CC 150 cycles. Similarly, luteal phase lengths were not significantly affected by CC treatment. Individually, however, the effect of CC on the timing of the LH surge depended on when the LH surge occurred in corresponding control cycles. If the control cycle LH surge occurred on day 16 or earlier, CC significantly delayed it. If the normal LH surge occurred on day 18 or later, CC advanced it. During CC 50 treatment, the LH surge was advanced by 1 to 7 days in 3 cycles, unchanged in 2, and delayed in 5 cycles by 1 to 9 days. Detection of urinary LH surge was reliable in CC-treated cycles and correlated well with the day of plasma LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evolving concepts of oxytocin for induction of labor.

Based on findings of maternal and fetal circulating oxytocin levels during spontaneous labor and the available information on oxytocin secretion patterns, the dosage and mode of administration of oxytocin for induction of labor is discussed. It is recommended that intravenous infusion rates should not exceed 2 to 8 mU/min. Oxytocin administered in a pulsatile fashion beginning with 1 mU/min every 8 minutes with doubling the pulse dose every 24 minutes is equally as efficient as continuous infusion. Because both the peak levels and the total dose of oxytocin needed for induction are lower with pulsatile than continuous administration, the risk of adverse effects for the mother and the fetus is significantly reduced.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

Human corpus luteum: luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin receptors during the menstrual cycle.

To characterize and determine the concentration of LH/hCG receptors in human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle, we measured occupied and unoccupied receptors and determined the association (Ka) and dissociation (Kd) constants individually in 23 corpora lutea (CL) and 4 corpora albicantia obtained at the time of tubal ligation from 25 normal cycling women. We found no [125I]hCG binding in any of the corpora albicantia. Scatchard plot analysis for each CL revealed a linear binding plot indicative of a single set of LH/hCG receptors. The mean concentration of unoccupied receptors was 36 +/- 10 (+/- SE) fmol/mg protein in the early luteal phase (days 15-19; n = 5), 64 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein in the midluteal phase (days 20-25; n = 13), and 42 +/- 19 fmol/mg protein in the late luteal phase (days 26-30; n = 5). The concentrations of occupied receptors were 56 +/- 8, 46 +/- 6, and 54 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein in the early, mid-, and late luteal phases, respectively. Total (occupied plus unoccupied) receptor concentrations reached maximum levels of 110 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein in the midluteal phase. Ka increased progressively from 12 +/- 4 X 10(9) mol/L-1 in the early luteal phase to 19 +/- 7 X 10(9) and 21 +/- 8 X 10(9) mol/L-1 in the mid- and late luteal phases. We conclude that in normal CL, 1) total and unoccupied LH/hCG receptor levels parallel progesterone secretion; 2) changes in the binding affinity may be important in sustaining and/or rescuing the CL; and 3) loss of LH/hCG receptors is probably related to luteolysis.

Adult↗