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Biomedical subjects

M Y Momoi

Publications and source records attributed to M Y Momoi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Developmental outcome of very low birth weight twins conceived by assisted reproduction techniques.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in developmental outcomes between very low birth weight twins conceived by assisted reproduction techniques and those conceived spontaneously. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two sets of very low birth weight twins were evaluated by the Kyoto Scale for Psychological Development at 36 months of corrected age. Total developmental quotient and developmental quotient (DQ) for three subscales, posture-motor, cognition-adaptation and language-social, were evaluated. RESULTS: Twins conceived with medical assistance demonstrated a higher incidence of total DQ below 85 with lower DQ for cognition-adaptation and language-social skills than spontaneously conceived twins, whereas the quotient for posture-motor skills in medically assisted twins was comparable to that of spontaneously conceived twins. CONCLUSION: At 3 years of age very low birth weight twins conceived by assisted reproduction techniques demonstrated lower cognitive and language skills than twins conceived naturally.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Transient cheiro-oral syndrome due to a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst.

We present here a case of episodic, pure cheiro-oral syndrome caused by a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the fat-suppression method revealed a fatty mass lesion in the subarachnoid space of the left parasellar region and multiple lipid droplets in the subarachnoid space over the left perisylvian area. Although no evidence for it pathogenesis was obtained, the patient's cheiro-oral syndrome could have resulted from a transient vasospasm around the left ventral posterior thalamic nucleus or postcentral gyrus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Mutational analysis of the BMP-1 gene in patients with gastroschisis.

BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is a rare abdominal wall defect. Although the pathogenesis of gastroschisis is unknown, there is some evidence of the genetic etiology of gastroschisis. Recently, a functionally null deletion of the mouse bone morphogenic protein-1 (BMP-1) gene resulted in a phenotype that resembled a human neonate with gastroschisis. BMP-1 thus became the first potential candidate gene for gastroschisis. METHODS: To explore this possibility the authors collected blood samples from 11 patients who had gastroschisis. Mutational analysis of exons 2 to 15 of the human BMP-1 gene was performed using genomic polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing methods. RESULTS: No mutation of the human BMP-1 gene was observed in any of these patients. CONCLUSION: Although heterogeneous etiologies might be proposed for gastroschisis, our results provide further evidence of a nongenetic etiology for gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg 36:885-887.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1↗
PubMed2000

Caspases that are activated during generation of nuclear polyglutamine aggregates are necessary for DNA fragmentation but not sufficient for cell death.

Truncated polypeptides containing expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches tend to form cytoplasmic or nuclear aggregates in cultured cells, leading to cell death. Although it has been shown recently that caspase-8 coaggregates with polyQ and is activated during polyQ-mediated cell death, little is known of the location and timing of caspase-8 activation by nuclear polyQ aggregates. Also, the relationship between nuclear polyQ aggregate-mediated cell death and activation of other caspases is unclear. In P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, which can be made to differentiate into neuronal cells, polyQ72 repeats preferentially aggregate in the nucleus. Nuclear aggregates of polyQ72 induced P19 EC cell death, with a high frequency of cells exhibiting morphology characteristic of apoptosis (i.e., roundness, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation) and DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we used antisera that specifically recognized the active forms of caspase-8, -3, and -9 but not their proforms, and showed that only caspase-8 and -3 were activated during the generation of polyQ72 aggregates in P19 EC cell nuclei. Furthermore, we showed that the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk inhibited DNA fragmentation, but only partially inhibited the appearance of apoptotic morphology. Thus, caspase activation, including caspase-8 and -3, is necessary for polyQ-mediated DNA fragmentation but not sufficient for polyQ-mediated cell death in P19 EC cells.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

Localization of active form of caspase-8 in mouse L929 cells induced by TNF treatment and polyglutamine aggregates.

The relation between activation of caspase-8 and polyglutamine aggregates has been focused. We prepared an antiserum (anti-m8D387) that recognizes the active form but not the proform of mouse caspase-8. We used immunostaining with anti-m8D387 antiserum to compare the localizations of activated mcaspase-8 in L929 (clone 1422) cells induced by TNF and polyglutamine aggregates. Anti-m8D387 was positive throughout cytoplasm of the TUNEL-positive cells induced by TNF treatment, whereas the anti-m8D387 reactivity was not positive throughout cytoplasm of the cells expressing polyglutamine but was restricted to polyglutamine aggregates. In contrast with TNF-treated cells, cells expressing anti-m8D387-positive cytoplasmic polyglutamine aggregates did not undergo TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Thus activated caspase-8 associated with polyglutamine aggregates alone was not sufficient to induce TUNEL-positive apoptosis of L929 (clone 1422) cells. The distribution of activated caspase-8 associated with polyglutamine aggregates may be essential for the polyglutamine-mediated cell death or downstream of caspase-8 may be different in the TNF-treated cells and cells expressing polyglutamine.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Prenatal MRI in a fetus with a giant neck hemangioma: a case report.

We report a fetus with a giant neck hemangioma which was examined by MRI in utero. The initial diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. The sonolucent aspect of the mass, together with the presence of pulsating Doppler flow signals, was highly suggestive of a fetal hemangioma. In late pregnancy, fetal MRI revealed the location, size and characteristics of the neck tumor. Following prenatal corticosteroid treatment and premature delivery of the pregnancy due to fetal cardiac failure, the newborn received angiography and coil embolization of the tumor vessels. Despite vigorous treatments, the newborn died 12 h after birth. Evaluation of a fetal neck hemangioma by MRI is recommended late in pregnancy for precise information on the tumor and adjacent organs since the image is valuable for planning optimal perinatal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after live rubella vaccination.

We report here a case involving a 14-year-old boy who developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following live rubella vaccination. The patient became febrile and began to experience nuchal pain 16 days after the immunization. By 22 days after immunization, he experienced difficulty in walking. By 24 days, he had developed tetraparesis with retention of urine, and total sensory loss below the Th1 dermatomal level. He was febrile at this point and showed nuchal rigidity and Lhermitte's sign. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed elevated cell counts, protein level, and myelin basic protein. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detected high intensity lesions in the bilateral cerebral white matter and cervical spinal cord. Following the administration of intravenous corticosteroids, the patient's clinical symptoms improved rapidly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effects of high-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy in Landau-Kleffner syndrome.

Two children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome were successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs and a high-dose intravenous corticosteroid. A combination of valproate and a benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) ameliorated epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic spikes and waves, but speech disturbances persisted. Both patients were treated with an intravenous infusion of high-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate (20 mg/kg daily) for 3 consecutive days. This infusion was repeated three times with a 4-day interval between treatments, which resulted in a rapid improvement in speech ability. After intravenous therapy, prednisolone was given orally (2 mg/kg daily for 1 month, then gradually withdrawn), which maintained the clinical improvement in speech.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerin in dogs with experimental pulmonary hypertension induced by U46619.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes mortality in some congenital and acquired heart and lung diseases. However, inhalation of NO gas requires complicated and expensive instruments and elaborate preparations to avoid toxic gas administration. We tested the effectiveness and safety of inhaled nebulized nitroglycerin (Neb-NTG) in dogs with experimental PH. METHODS: Experimental PH was induced by continuous infusion of a thromboxane analog (U46619). The U46619 infusion rate was adjusted to maintain a systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) at 40 mmHg in 10 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs. Then, 20 micrograms/kg of NTG liquid nebulized by compressed air was inhaled. RESULTS: After infusion of U46619, the systolic, diastolic and mean PAP increased by 119%, 228% and 169%, respectively, and the systolic, diastolic and mean systemic arterial pressures (SAP) increased by 19%, 29% and 23%, respectively. The systolic pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) and mean Pp/Ps increased by 83% and 113%, respectively, and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary to systemic resistance ratio (Rp/Rs) increased by 341%, 100% and 145%, respectively. After inhalation of Neb-NTG in dogs with experimental PH, systolic, diastolic and mean PAP and PVR decreased by 25 +/- 4, 26 +/- 11, 25 +/- 9 and 31 +/- 21%, respectively. There were no significant changes in systolic, diastolic and mean SAP, SVR, cardiac output and plasma methemoglobin concentrations. The systolic and mean Pp/Ps decreased by 18 +/- 7 and 20 +/- 7%, respectively. The Rp/Rs decreased by 25 +/- 13%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that Neb-NTG is an effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator and may offer a new therapeutic option for PH.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1999

Activation of caspase-3 apoptotic pathways in skeletal muscle fibers in laminin alpha2-deficient mice.

dy/dy mice, which carry an unidentified mutation in the Lama2 gene, show dystrophic pathologies similar to those of human congenital muscular dystrophy. Laminin alpha2 deficiency induces apoptosis with DNA fragmentation. Caspases, which are involved in various types of cell death, are sequentially activated through a processing by other members of caspases. By using a cleavage site-directed antibody against caspase-3 that specifically reacts with the active form of caspase-3, we immunochemically demonstrated that caspase-3 is activated in the skeletal muscle fiber of dy/dy mice and that some of the activated caspase-3 muscle fibers are TUNEL-positive. Thus the lack of laminin alpha2 signals activates caspase-3, resulting in the apoptosis of muscle fibers.

Animals↗