Biomedical subjects

M Yamamoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamamoto.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Multimodal inclusion complexes between barbiturates and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution: isothermal titration microcalorimetry, (13)C NMR spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulation.

Multiple types (structures) of inclusion complexes between barbiturates and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) were evaluated by isothermal titration microcalorimetry and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The geometries of the inclusion complexes were suggested by molecular dynamics simulation. Barbituric acid (BA), barbital (B), amobarbital (AB), pentobarbital (PB), secobarbital (SB), cyclobarbital (CB), and phenobarbital (PHB) were used as barbiturates with different substituents on the barbituric acid ring and compared for inclusion types in aqueous solution. The association constants (K), stoichiometries, and thermodynamic parameters change in free energy (DeltaG) change in enthalpy (DeltaH), and change in entropy [DeltaS] for each type of complex were determined from the calorimetric data. The inclusion complexation was largely entropy driven because of hydrophobic interactions. The values of K increased in the order BA<B<AB<PB<SB<CB<PHB. Barbiturates, except B and BA, form two types of inclusion complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry in the un-ionized forms. The first type of inclusion complex with high affinity (K(1)) was characterized by small negative values of DeltaH(1) and large positive DeltaS(1), where the substituent R2 of the barbiturate was initially inserted into the cavity of HPCD through hydrophobic interactions. There was a good relationship between DeltaG(1) obtained from the calorimetric data for the first type of inclusion complex and DeltaG(R2) calculated from the changes in (13)C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts for the substituent R2 of barbiturates. These types were very stable in aqueous solution at various pHs. The second type of complex, with low affinity (K(2)), was characterized by large negative values of DeltaH(2) and small positive DeltaS(2), reflecting van der Waals' interactions in the un-ionized forms of barbiturates at pH values less than pK(a). The values of K(2) were markedly decreased to <10(3) M(-1) as the barbiturates were ionized over pH 8. Thus, in the second type, the barbituric acid ring contributed to forming the complexes. The geometries were stabilized by hydrogen bond formation between the hetero atoms in the barbituric acid ring and the secondary hydroxyl groups on the rim of the cyclodextrin. The (13)C NMR chemical shifts of C4 and C6 carbons in the barbituric acid ring were moved upfield significantly by the inclusion complexation. On the other hand, B and BA could form only one type of complex, the lid-type supramolecular complex with small association constants.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin↗

PubMed2001

Pathology-related differential expression regulation of NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and IL-6 mRNAs in human vasculitic neuropathy.

The mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were examined in sural nerves of 22 patients with acute necrotizing vasculitic neuropathies. NGF, GDNF, and IL-6 mRNAs were upregulated and CNTF mRNA was downregulated in the lesioned nerves, but their up- and down-regulation levels were not correlated with each other, showing that these mRNAs were independently expressed. The expression of NGF and CNTF mRNAs was clearly correlated with the degree of infiltrated macrophages and T cells, and myelinated fiber density, respectively. These findings indicate that these neurotrophic factors are differentially expressed temporally and spatially in the vasculitic nerve lesion by an underlying pathology-related process.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Gadolinium chloride prevents mortality in hepatectomized rats given endotoxin.

The purpose of this study was to determine if inhibition of Kupffer cells by gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) affects the arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), liver injury, and mortality in hepatectomized rats administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats treated with or without GdCl(3) received a 70% hepatectomy. Either LPS (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered 48 h after hepatectomy. Further, hepatectomized rats were administered superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, 9 x 10(4) U/kg) before and every 3 h after LPS injection up to 9 h to assess involvement of superoxide in liver injury in this model. All hepatectomized rats with saline died within 24 h after LPS administration. In contrast, GdCl(3) prevented this mortality completely. Serum AST levels were about 160 IU/L in hepatectomized rats with vehicle; however, values were increased approximately 25-fold by LPS administration. In contrast, these increases were blunted significantly by about 90% by GdCl(3). Further, GdCl(3) also prevented decreases in AKBR caused by LPS. LPS caused severe liver injury, which was stopped almost completely by GdCl(3). LPS-induced increases in superoxide production by isolated Kupffer cells were stopped by about 90% by GdCl(3). Importantly, SOD administration prevented decreases in AKBR, liver injury, and mortality significantly as well as GdCl(3). These results indicated that GdCl(3) prevented liver injury and mortality caused by LPS most likely by inhibiting superoxide production by Kupffer cells. Thus, inhibition of activation of Kupffer cells could be useful for preventing liver dysfunction in postoperative endotoxemia.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed2001

Breast cancer increases osteoclastogenesis by secreting M-CSF and upregulating RANKL in stromal cells.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer metastasis to bone causes resorption of the mineralized matrix by osteoclasts. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)and receptor activator of the NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) are produced by stromal cells and are essential for osteoclast formation. The human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, reliably forms bone metastases in a murine model and stimulates osteoclast formation in culture. We hypothesized that MDA-MB-231 stimulates osteoclast formation through secretion of M-CSF and/or RANKL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We cocultured MDA-MB-231 and a bone marrow derived cell line, UAMS-33, and evaluated the expression of M-CSF and RANKL mRNA. Osteoclast formation was assessed using these cells added to hematopoietic cell cultures. RESULTS: MDA-MB-231 exhibited constitutive expression of M-CSF mRNA. As expected, addition of recombinant M-CSF (30 ng/ml) and RANKL (30 ng/ml) to hematopoietic osteoclast precursors supported osteoclast formation, while the addition of soluble RANKL alone or MDA-231 without added RANKL did not. Notably, coculture of MDA-231 with hematopoietic cells and added soluble RANKL stimulated significant osteoclast formation, indicating that MDA-231 served as an effective source for M-CSF. MDA-231 did not express RANKL. However, when cocultured with the murine bone marrow stromal cell line UAMS-33, RANKL expression was significantly increased in the latter cells. MDA-231 also stimulated osteoclast formation in coculture with UAMS-33 and hematopoietic cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that MDA-MB-231 increases osteoclast formation by secreting adequate amounts of M-CSF protein and enhancing the expression of RANKL by stromal support cells. The ability to stimulate osteoclasts may explain the ability to metastasize to bone.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Characterization of the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter in an adenoviral vector and its application for the mitigation of toxicity in suicide gene therapy of gastrointestinal cancers.

The application of adenoviral molecular chemotherapy for systemic malignant disease using herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase has been limited by ectopic transgene expression in the liver due to the vector hepatotropism. The aim of this study was to mitigate this hepatotoxicity using the promoter of cyclooxygenase-2, inactive in liver but active in many gastrointestinal cancers. To analyze the specificity of transgene expression driven by cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) promoters, promoters of two different lengths were incorporated into adenoviral vectors to drive luciferase expression. The specific cytocidal effect and in vivo toxicity were analyzed with thymidine kinase expression vectors. The specificity of the cox-2 promoter was well preserved in the adenoviral vector. In vivo, the cox-2 promoter (-1432/+59) showed very little activity in the liver but attained high activity, comparable to that of the cytomegalovirus promoter, in cyclooxygenase-2-positive subcutaneous tumors. The cox-2 promoter-driven thymidine kinase-expressing vectors showed a cytocidal effect specifically in cyclooxygenase-2-positive cells. When mice were treated with the thymidine kinase-expressing vector and ganciclovir, the cox-2 promoter successfully mitigated the fatal hepatotoxicity, which was observed with the cytomegalovirus promoter-driven vector. The cox-2 promoter successfully mitigated the adverse effects of adenoviral suicide gene therapy by minimizing transgene expression in the liver.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2001

Dopamine D2 receptors in the insular cortex and the personality trait of novelty seeking.

Human personality has been considered to have a neurochemical background. We examined the relation between extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in living human brain and the personality trait of novelty seeking that has been proposed to be related to dopaminergic function in the brain. We measured extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors of 24 healthy young male subjects using [(11)C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography. The personality trait of each subject was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Correlation of dopamine D2 receptor binding with novelty seeking was calculated using region-of-interest analysis and statistical parametric mapping based on the binding potential images generated using a reference tissue model. A significant negative correlation was observed between binding potential values and the novelty seeking scores on TCI in the right insular cortex. No significant correlation was observed in any other region. Our result indicates that there is a significant association between dopamine D2 receptor binding and the human novelty seeking trait in the right insular cortex.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Localization of gelatinolytic activity can be detected in breast cancer tissues by film in situ zymography.

BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases secreted by malignant tumor cells have been thought to play an essential role in the processes of invasion and metastasis. However, existence and localization of gelatinase activity in breast cancer tissues have not been clarified. METHODS: We developed a novel film for highly reproducible detection and the localization of gelatinolytic activity. This film has a gelatin layer with a constant thickness 7 microm, and adequate crosslinking to control the speed of degradation by proteases. Cryosections of several breast cancer tissues were put on this gelatin film and incubated for 16 hrs at 37 degrees C. After staining with ponceau 3R dye, the digested area was evaluated under light microscopy. RESULTS: Digestion of gelatin was detected in more than 90%of breast cancer specimens, although it varied in degree and area for each case. In most cases, the gelatinolytic activity was located within cancer nests, and was not detected in stromal cells surrounding cancer cells. The gelatinolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the localization of net MMP activity was confirmed in breast cancer nest using film in situ zymography. Detailed analysis on the relationship between the strength or distribution of MMP activity and malignancy are anticipated in the future.

Azo Compounds↗

PubMed2001

Intensification of chemotherapy using block therapies as consolidation and reinduction therapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia during childhood.

Between April 1994 and March 1997, 143 children (age range, 1-15 years) with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), except for those patients with t(9;22), were treated according to protocol-94 of the Osaka Childhood Leukemia Study Group. In this trial, the intensity of chemotherapy was enforced in the consolidation and reinduction phases by introducing AML-type block therapies consisting of concentrated administration of 4 to 6 drugs during 5 or 6 days. For patients in the higher risk groups, rotational combination chemotherapy was introduced following the early phase. A total of 124 children with B-cell precursor ALL (B-pre ALL) were classified into 3 groups, the ultrahigh-risk group (UHRG) (15 patients), the high-risk group (HRG) (61 patients), or the standard-risk group (SRG) (48 patients), based on age. leukocyte count, immunophenotype, central nervous system leukemia, response to treatment, and selected chromosomal abnormalities. The complete remission rate was 93%, and the 6-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 79%+/-4%. EFS rates for the UHRG, HRG, and SRG groups were 67%+/-12%, 80%+/-6%, and 81%+/-6%, respectively. Nineteen patients with T-cell ALL were treated with the protocol for the UHRG. Thirteen patients (68%) attained complete remission, and the 6-year EFS rate was 55%+/-12%. Thus, intensification of chemotherapy improved the EFS rate and AML-type block therapies appeared to be effective as the consolidation and reinduction therapies for B-pre ALL.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Stimulation of MCM3 gene expression in osteoblast by low level laser irradiation.

Biostimulatory effect of cell proliferation and bone formation by laser irradiation has been reported, however, very little is known about the molecular basis of mechanisms. We previously constructed the cDNA library of mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) which enhanced gene expression by laser irradiation using a subtracted gene cloning procedure. In the present study, we focused on a gene clone, designated as MCL-140, which exhibited the high homology of DNA sequence with mouse minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 3 gene. MCM3 is involved in the initiation of DNA replication as licensing factor in eukaryotic cells. Nucleotide sequence of MCL-140 insert was determined and assessed in the nucleic acid databases. The transcription level of MCL-140 was examined by Northern blot analysis. The DNA sequences of clone MCL-140 insert exhibited 96.2% homology with MCM 3 gene coding P1 protein. Higher MCM3 mRNA levels were observed in laser-irradiated cells compared to the levels in non-irradiated cells: furthermore, radiolabelled thymidine incorporation was increased by laser irradiation. These findings suggest that low-level laser irradiation may enhance DNA replication and play a role in stimulating proliferation of osteoblast through the enhancement of the MCM3 gene expression.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Depression in Parkinson's disease: its prevalence, diagnosis, and neurochemical background.

There are several problems related to the diagnosis and the biochemical background of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The most important problem is how do we understand depression in PD. According to surveys using the diagnostic procedures specified in the Diagnostic Statistic Manual-III or IV, the prevalence of depression is 20-40% in PD. However, the reported rate varies according to the composition of the subject group and whether or not a control group is used, so it is still controversial whether a figure of 20-40% reflects the actual prevalence of depression. Latest studies showed about 2-8% of PD patients are diagnosed with major depression by DSM-III-R. These recent studies suggest that major depression and PD may coexist and dysthimic disorder may be an essential feature in PD. With regard to the neurochemical background, the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (a major metabolite of serotonin) is reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid suggesting that serotonergic dysfunction exists in the brain of PD patients. However, there is no high quality evidence to indicate the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression in PD. Autopsy studies have revealed that not only serotonin, but also dopamine, noradrenaline and other neurotransmitters are reduced in the brains of patients with PD. Accordingly, treatment may become difficult in many cases due to these changes of multiple neurotransmitters. Development of a better treatment strategy based on improved understanding of the neurochemical background is needed.

Brain Chemistry↗

PubMed2001

Initiation of smooth pursuit in humans. Dependence on target saliency.

We examined the influence of target saliency on the initiation of smooth pursuit. The eye movements of five human subjects were recorded with the scleral search-coil technique. A video-projection system was used to create a pursuit target, consisting of a cluster of 14 red or green dots (0.5 degrees squares) extending randomly over a 3 degrees x3 degrees region, and a surrounding background, consisting of stationary, random dots of the same size and density extending over an area 70 degrees x 40 degrees. When the dots in the background and the target were of the same color, the target was indistinguishable from the background until it started to move. On the other hand, when the colors were different, the target was salient, even when stationary. We measured the changes in eye position over the 70-ms interval starting 70 ms after the onset of target motion (initial tracking response). When the target moved toward the fovea (centripetal motion), the initial tracking responses developed earlier when the dots in the target and background were of different color than when the two sets of dots were of the same color. However, in order to see this effect of target salience, it was critical that the colors be different before the onset of motion, but not afterwards. When the target moved away from the fovea (centrifugal motion), the initial tracking responses were independent of whether the colors of the target and the background were the same or different. Our data indicate that the initiation of tracking responses is very sensitive to the saliency of the target before the onset of target motion when that motion is toward the fovea.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Phase I/II and pharmacologic study of irinotecan and carboplatin for patients with lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of irinotecan combined with carboplatin, to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity for patients with lung cancer, and to examine its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. METHODS: The dose of irinotecan was escalated from 40 mg/m2 per week in increments of 10 mg/m2. Carboplatin was fixed at 300 mg/m2. Multivariate regression models with an interaction term were used to evaluate synergistic pharmacodynamic interactions. RESULTS: The MTD and recommended dose of irinotecan were 60 and 50 mg/m2, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicities were grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 or 4 diarrhea. In phase II studies, response rates were 81.3% (95% confidence interval 61.8-100%) in 16 patients with small-cell lung cancer and 22.2% (2.7-41.8%) in 18 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Two patients (6%) experienced grade 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and grade 3 diarrhea. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of carboplatin ranged from 2.87 to 9.31 mg x min/ml, with a median of 4.66 mg x min/ml. In pharmacodynamic analyses, the log-transformed surviving fraction in platelet count (SFp) showed a significant association with the AUC of carboplatin (P=0.010), while that in neutrophil count (SFn) was not significantly correlated with any pharmacokinetic parameter. The interaction term was not significant in either case. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that AUC-based dosing of carboplatin is still rational in combination chemotherapy. A more sensitive method for predicting life-threatening toxicities is needed, however, because traditional pharmacokinetic parameters were not adequate tools for identifying patients at high risk of severe neutropenia and diarrhea. This combination regimen has only modest activity, and further studies are necessary to evaluate a different dose schedule.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Deletion analysis of the enolase gene (enoA) promoter from the filamentous fungus Aspegillus oryzae.

The enolase gene (enoA) is one of the most strongly expressed genes in Aspergillus oryzae. To elucidate the transcription regulatory element for this strong expression and the process of glucose induction, the transcription activity of a series of truncated enoA promoters was measured by using the Escherichia coli uidA gene as a reporter. Deletion of a 104-bp region located -224 nt to -121 nt upstream of the translation initiation site caused both a drastic decrease in the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity and a loss of glucose induction. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the decrease in GUS activity was achieved at the transcriptional level. In addition, electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays indicated that the 104-bp region contained a 15-bp element, to which one or more A. oryzae cellular factors specifically bind. These results suggest that the 15-bp element between -195 nt and -181 nt includes the sequence essential for the transcription regulation of the A. oryzae enoA gene.

Aspergillus oryzae↗

PubMed2001

Beneficial effect of a traditional herbal medicine (inchin-ko-to) in postoperative biliary atresia patients.

Inchin-ko-to (ICKT) prevents Fas-mediated liver injury. This study evaluates the effect of ICKT on conventional markers of liver function (LF) and liver fibrosis in 18 postoperative biliary atresia (BA) patients aged 3 to 23 years with elevated glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTP) but normal serum total bilirubin (T-Bil) levels. ICKT (0.15 g/kg per day) was administered orally for 1 year. Serum GOT, GPT, gammaGTP, total bile acids (TBA), and T-Bil as markers of LF and hyaluronic acid (HA), prolyl hydroxylase (PH), procollagen III peptide (PIIIP), and type IV collagen as markers of liver fibrosis were measured before and after treatment in each patient and compared statistically. All patients tolerated ICKT well, and there were no side effects. The percentage of subjects who improved after ICKT was 45% for serum GOT, 72% for GPT, 72% for gammaGTP, 72% for TBA, 67% for HA, 40% for PH, 50% for PIIIP, and 23% for type IV collagen. Changes in the mean values of all serum markers were statistically significant (P < 0.01). It is concluded that long-term administration of ICKT in postoperative BA patients improves liver status as assessed by markers of LF and fibrosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Neuronal and glial advanced glycation end product [Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine]] in Alzheimer's disease brains.

The cellular distribution of an advanced glycation end product [Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)] in aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains was assessed immunohistochemically. CML was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both aged and AD brains. Glial deposition was far more marked in AD brains than in aged brains, and neuronal deposition was also increased. On electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, neuronal CML formed granular or linear deposits associated with lipofuscin, and glial deposits formed lines around the vacuoles. Neuronal and glial deposits were prominent throughout the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but were sparse in the putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and cerebellum, with glial deposits being far more prominent in AD brains. The distribution of neuronal and glial deposits did not correspond with the distribution of AD pathology. The extent of CML deposits was inversely correlated with neurofibrillary tangle formation, particularly in the hippocampus. Most hippocampal pyramidal neurons with neurofibrillary tangles did not have CML, and most of the neurons with heavy CML deposits did not have neurofibrillary tangles. In the hippocampus, neuronal CML was prominent in the region where neuronal loss was mild. These observations suggest that CML deposition does not directly cause neurofibrillary tangle formation or neuronal loss in AD.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Eight multicentric hepatocellular carcinomas occurring in the same segment of the liver.

We present a rare case of eight multicentric hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) occurring in the same segment of the liver. In a 66-year-old Japanese man, multiple liver tumors were detected during follow-up of chronic hepatitis C infection, and he was admitted to our hospital in 1995. Ultrasonography (US) showed eight tumors, each measuring between 10 and 15 mm in diameter, in the right lobe, and a 10-mm tumor in the left lobe. Angio-ultrasonography (US) showed no enhancement of the tumors, and multicentric occurrence was suspected. Portal angio-US showed eight tumors in the right lobe located in the anterior segment. Accordingly, anterior segmentectomy and partial resection of the S3 subsegment were performed, in December, 1995. On histological examination, all eight tumors in the anterior segment and the tumor in the S3 subsegment were well differentiated HCC. The liver parenchyma showed cirrhosis. The grade and stage of hepatitis did not differ between the anterior segment and the S3 subsegment, but irregular regeneration of hepatocytes was more prominent in the anterior segment. The multicentric occurrence of HCCs in the anterior segment may be related to the more severe damage caused by chronic hepatitis in the anterior segment than in the left lobe of the liver.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Recurrence after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

We aimed to assess the patterns of recurrence after surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and the outcomes of treatment in patients with recurrence. From 1981 to 1999, 123 patients with ICC underwent hepatectomy. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were significantly higher in patients after curative resection (n = 56; 53%, 50%) than in patients after noncurative resection (n = 67; 7%, 2%; P < 0.0001). In 54 patients followed-up after curative resection, the rate of recurrence after surgery was 46%. The recurrences were in the liver (56%), abdomen (disseminated; 24%), and lymph nodes (20%). The rates of recurrence were significantly higher in patients with various classifications of mass-forming ICC tumors (P = 0.039) than in those with other types of tumors, and in patients with tumors over 3 cm in greatest diameter than in those with tumors 3 cm or less (P = 0.006). Hepatic recurrence, abdominal dissemination, and intraductal recurrence were significantly related to tumors that included mass-forming ICC (P = 0.002), tumors that included periductal infiltrating ICC (P = 0.009), and tumors that included intraductal growth ICC (P = 0.038), respectively. Seven patients with recurrence underwent radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or surgical resection. Only 2 patients, with intrahepatic metastasis and intraductal recurrence, respectively, had good outcomes after surgery. The effectiveness of other treatments has not been established.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

Cyst fluid levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and amylase in thyroglossal duct and branchial cleft cysts.

Cyst fluid was aspirated from five thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) and four branchial cleft cysts (BCCs). The cyst fluid levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and amylase were measured and compared between the two types of cyst. The enzyme immunoassay technique was used for CEA and CA19-9, while SCC and amylase levels were measured by the immunoradiometric assay and nitrophenol method, respectively. Immunostaining for CEA, CA19-9, and amylase was also performed. The serum levels of these markers in both groups of patients were within the normal ranges. In contrast, their cyst fluid levels were extremely high. There was no significant difference in the cyst fluid levels of CEA and SCC between the two types of cyst; however, the cyst fluid from the TDCs showed significantly higher levels of CA19-9 and significantly lower levels of amylase compared with that from the BCCs. Immunostaining revealed expression of CA 19-9 in nearly half the columnar epithelial cells in the TDCs, but not in the squamous epithelial cells in the BCCs. CEA and amylase were not found in the epithelial cells of either type of cyst. These findings seem to reflect the difference in etiology between TDCs and BCCs.

Adult↗