PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Yarczower

Publications and source records attributed to M Yarczower.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Laterality and modality-specific effects of chronic pain.

Previous investigations indicated that thresholds to nonpainful tactile stimuli were elevated in chronic-pain patients when compared with pain-free individuals (Seltzer & Seltzer, 1986; Seltzer et al., 1988). The present study attempted to determine whether thresholds to tactual and visual stimuli also were elevated by chronic pain. Furthermore, lateralization of the pain effect on tactile thresholds was assessed by obtaining thresholds from both left and right arms. A decrease in tactile sensitivity to nonpainful stimuli in chronic-pain patients was confirmed, but laterality of the effect was not demonstrated. Visual thresholds were not significantly affected by chronic pain. The data in the present study, taken together with other data, support the proposition that pain does not affect right hemispheric processes more than left hemispheric processes.

Arousal↗
PubMed1991

Changes in nonverbal behavior of therapists and depressed patients during cognitive therapy.

Nonverbal behavior of 8 patients and 7 therapists during the first few minutes of 20 therapeutic sessions (either 2 or 3 per therapist-patient pair) was used as a baseline measure to assess whether there were systematic changes by the end of a single therapeutic session. The nonverbal behavior of both patients and therapists showed increases in prosocial behavior. Also, increases in signs of anxiety were noted in the nonverbal behavior of therapists. Significant correlations between nonverbal behavior of patients and therapists occurred for certain classes of behavior. It appears worthwhile to assess changes in nonverbal behavior during therapeutic sessions.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed1971

Stimulus control during conditional discrimination.

Pigeons were used to assess stimulus control during the development of a conditional discrimination. The training consisted of three stages. In Stage 1, key pecks were reinforced in the presence of a white line tilted 40 degrees to the right of vertical on a green background and non-reinforced when the same line appeared on a red background. In Stage 2, key pecks were reinforced when a white vertical line appeared on a red background and were non-reinforced in the presence of a 40 degrees slanted line on a red background. In Stage 3, key pecks were reinforced in the presence of the green background regardless of the line tilt, but were differentially reinforced in the presence of the red background (as in Stage 2). Generalization tests were conducted after each stage of training and consisted of five white lines on backgrounds that were green, red, or dark. The effects of the differential reinforcement contingencies on control by line orientation were restricted to the condition in which the red light appeared and resulted in behavioral control that could be characterized as: if red, pay closer attention to line tilt than if not red.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Some effects of discriminative training with equated frequency of reinforcement.

Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule which provided equally frequent reinforcement in the presence of two stimuli but which produced markedly different rates of key-pecking. Generalization gradients were displaced away from the stimulus associated with the lower rate of key-pecking. Another group of pigeons had similar training, except that a low rate of key-pecking was established in a stimulus with a much higher frequency of food reinforcement. In this case, the generalization gradients were not affected by the training on the schedule producing a low response rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Visual acuity in a stumptail macaque.

Visual acuity in a normal stumptail macaque is 1.4 minutes of arc-similar to man's. Destruction of the fovea by photocoagulation decreased acuity to 9 minutes of arc. These facts suggest that the fovea in the macaque has the same physiological role in visual acuity as in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Some effects on generalization gradients of tandem schedules.

The relationship between training conditions and stimulus generalization gradients was examined using tandem schedules of reinforcement. Schedules were selected so that frequency of reinforcement and rate of responding were varied somewhat independently of each other. A peak-shift in the generalization gradient was obtained when extinction had been associated with one of the stimuli. No comparable peak shift was obtained when there were equal response rates in the training stimuli even with dissimilar frequencies of reinforcement. The data imply that response rates at the end of training, rather than reinforcement frequency per se, determine the characteristics of the generalization gradient.

Animals↗