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Biomedical subjects

M Yasui

Publications and source records attributed to M Yasui.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (bifemelane) on deposition of calcium and magnesium in the central nervous system tissues of rats maintained on low-calcium diets].

Since the reduction of calcium (Ca) intake leads Ca and magnesium (Mg) to mobilize from their bone pool and to deposit Ca in the soft tissues, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues, the effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (bifemelane) on the deposition of Ca and Mg in the CNS tissues, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, abdominal aorta and bones were studied in rats maintained on low-Ca diets. Thirty-two male, 7-week-old Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were maintained for 90 days on the following diets: (A) standard, (B) standard with bifemelane (10 mg/100 g diet), (C) low-Ca, and (D) low-Ca with bifemelane (10 mg/100 g diet). Neither the A-B groups' nor the C-D groups' blood chemistry changed. However, Mg concentration in the cerebellum showed higher values in the B group than in the A group (p less than 0.05). And Mg concentration in pons, cerebellum, spinal cord, heart, liver and femur of the D group increased more than that of the C group (p less than 0.05-0.01), as determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). On the other hand, Ca concentration in the liver was less in the D group than that of the C group (p less than 0.05). In general bifemelane had a tendency to decrease Ca deposition in the CNS and soft tissues of B and D groups. Bifemelane may possibly participate in activating the cerebral metabolism and in keeping an adequate Mg level in the CNS and soft tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Aluminum deposition in the central nervous system tissues of patients with Parkinson's disease].

Aluminum (Al) concentration in the 26 anatomic central nervous system (CNS) regions, liver, kidney, spleen and heart of our patients with Parkinson's disease, and five neurologically normal controls was measured by a non-destructive neutron activation analysis (NAA), in order to clarify the implication of Al on pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Al concentration in substantia nigra, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus increased in patients with Parkinson's disease more than that in controls (p less than 0.05). There was a significant difference in Al concentration of gray matter and basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease, compared with those of controls (p less than 0.01). It is likely that high Al deposition in pathological foci responsible for Parkinson's disease might be implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A case report and literature review of acute eosinophilic pneumonia].

Although chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a well-known disorder, acute eosinophilic pneumonia has not been as well described. We described the clinical features of two patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The patients presented with an acute onset of high fever, severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar-lavage and confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. We believe that we have described an acute type of eosinophilic lung disorder which can not be applied to Crofton's classification of PIE, so we reviewed previously reported cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonia and tried to summarize their clinicopathological features. We also emphasized the existence of eosinophil infiltration into the bronchial wall in Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of magnesium, calcium and aluminum deposition in bone in situ].

Current changing epidemiological pattern in the Western Pacific strongly suggests a contribution of the environmental factors to the pathogenetic process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As a reflection of excess metals and a deficiency of minerals in soil and water samples in these foci, this study was designed experimentally to evaluate the concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) in the bones of rats fed unbalanced mineral diets. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, weighing 200 g, were fed either a standard diet, a low Ca diet, a low Ca-Mg diet, or a low Ca-Mg diet with high Al for 90 days. The composition of the diet/100 g consists of Ca 1250 mg, Mg 300 mg, Al 10 mg, Zn 4 mg in the standard diet; Ca 3 mg and Mg 2 mg in the low Ca-Mg diet; and Al 194 mg in the high Al diet, Al supplied as Al lactate. Ca, Mg and Al concentrations were determined by using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) for bone and atomic absorption spectrometry for serum. Serum Ca levels in the groups fed unbalanced mineral diets were lower than those in the group fed standard diet. Serum Mg levels were markedly decreased in the groups fed low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet, compared with those in the groups fed standard diet and low Ca diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1991

[A case of pulmonary aspergillosis presenting pulmonary bulla and eosinophilic pneumonia].

A rare case of a 25-year-old man with pulmonary aspergillosis is reported. Pulmonary bulla and eosinophilic pneumonia in the right upper lobe were diagnosed by chest roentgenogram and transbronchial lung biopsy. Because the patient developed infective bullae during steroid therapy, we performed transcutaneous thoracic drainage and right upper lobectomy. The resected lung tissue contained numerous hyphae of Aspergillus. Around the hyphae of Aspergillus, granulomatous reaction and eosinophilic infiltration were observed. Antibodies against Aspergillus were detected in the serum of the patient. The number of peripheral blood eosinophils decreased after right upper lobectomy. These findings suggest that pulmonary bullae and eosinophilic pneumonia may be a rare manifestation of pulmonary aspergillosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High aluminum deposition in the central nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from the Kii Peninsula, Japan: two case reports.

We report two cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which metal analysis revealed markedly higher aluminum concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as higher calcium and lower magnesium concentration and higher Ca/Mg ratios compared with controls. Case 1 was a 55-year-old housewife and total duration of illness was 2 years and 2 mon from onset of clinical symptom. Case 2 was a 80-year-old woman and total duration of illness was 10 mon. Results showed that neither were exposed to toxic environments nor any neurologic disease in the past history. Postmortem examination disclosed motor neuron death and degeneration of pyramidal tracts. The significance of metal metabolism in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Late asthmatic response by recruitment of homocytotropic antibody from circulating blood to the airway wall in guinea pig].

Many reports have been published about the late asthmatic response (LAR) of animal model. But most of the animals used were sensitized actively and it is considered generally that it is impossible to generate LAR in passively sensitized animals, especially in guinea pig. About the mechanism of LAR, most discussion are focused on airway hyperreactivity, inflammation and chemical mediators. But little is known about the direct initiator of the late phase bronchoconstriction. Instead of the circulating antibody which is generated by antibody producing cells in actively sensitized animals, anti-serum was administered to guinea pigs intravenously as passive sensitization fifteen minutes prior to antigen inhalation. Four to eight hours after antigen inhalation, we investigated bronchoconstriction. Eight hours after antigen challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed. In the BAL fluid, macrophages decreased and neutrophils increased significantly. These results suggest that LAR can occur without airway inflammation and the inflammation might be the result of antigen-antibody reaction at the airway wall, and that the direct initiator of late phase bronchoconstriction might be the recruitment of homocytotropic antibody from circulating blood to the airway wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of magnesium in central nervous system tissue, trabecular and cortical bone in rats fed with unbalanced diets of minerals.

Recent epidemiological changes in patterns of foci of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Western Pacific suggest that environmental factors play a contributory role in the pathogenic process of this disorder. In this experimental study on rats, a similar situation of dietary mineral imbalance was created as is found in the soil and drinking water of these ALS foci with a low content of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and a high content of aluminum (Al). In groups of rats fed a low Ca diet, low Ca-Mg diet, and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet, serum Ca levels were found to be lower than those in a group fed a standard diet. Also, serum Mg levels were lower in the groups fed a low Ca-Mg diet and a low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet than in the groups fed a standard diet and only a low Ca diet. There was no significant difference in Mg content of central nervous system (CNS) tissues of groups fed unbalanced and standard diets, except for a significant decrease in Mg content of the spinal cord of rats fed a low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet. Mg content of the lumbar spine and cortical bone decreased in the unbalanced diet groups compared with that of a group fed a standard diet. These findings suggest that under the disturbed bone mineralization induced by unbalanced mineral diets, Mg may be mobilized from bone to maintain the level necessary for vital activity in soft tissues including CNS tissue.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Determination of manganese concentrations in the spinal cords from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.

Continuing analytical studies on environmental factors in the foci of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Kii Peninsula of Japan and Guam, and metal analysis using neutron activation analysis in central nervous system (CNS) tissues from ALS cases indicate that chronic exposure to metals such as aluminum and manganese, together with a deficiency of minerals such as calcium and magnesium, may play a causative role in the neurodegeneration seen in ALS. An accurate and simple method for detecting minerals and trace metals in small, fresh samples of CNS tissue is necessary in order to follow the pathogenetic behavior of these elements. In this paper, we describe a method for measuring manganese (Mn) content in CNS tissue samples taken from mouse brain using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy and present results of the determination of Mn contents in spinal cord samples from ALS cases using the same method. ICP emission spectroscopy is considered to have great advantage for the simultaneous determination of elements in small, fresh CNS samples because of its simplicity and convenience, and the elimination of the necessity to use potentially dangerous acids. Results showed that the mean concentration of Mn in a mouse brain (0.56 microgram/g) and in human spinal cords (0.39 microgram/g wet weight in the anterior horn, 0.37 in the lateral fasciculus, 0.39 in the posterior horn and 0.28 in the posterior fasciculus) were compatible with results previously reported using other methods. In ALS spinal cords, the mean content of Mn was similar to that of controls, but the distribution differed. In the ALS cases, Mn contents were higher in the anterior horn and lateral fasciculus than in the posterior horn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1990

Pernicious anemia in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia.

A 19-year-old male with pernicious anemia and hypogammaglobulinemia (common variable immunodeficiency: CVID) is reported in comparison with classical pernicious anemia. This case was characterized by an earlier onset of anemia, the absence of autoantibodies to intrinsic factor or gastric parietal cells and involvement of the pyloric antrum as well as the gastric corpus. It is suggested that dysregulation of cellular immunity produces the autoimmune lesion in the gastric mucosa, including the pyloric antrum, in a patient with CVID, and that some of such cases develop pernicious anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Magnesium concentration in brains from multiple sclerosis patients.

Magnesium (Mg) concentrations were studied in the brains of 4 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and 5 controls. The magnesium contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry in autopsy samples taken from 26 sites of central nervous system tissues, and visceral organs such as liver, spleen, kidney, heart and lung. The average Mg content in the CNS tissues, as well as visceral organs except for spleen, of MS patients showed a significantly lower value than that seen in control cases. The most marked reduction of Mg content was observed in CNS white matter including demyelinated plaques of MS samples. Whether or not these significantly lower Mg contents found in CNS and visceral organs of MS patients may play an essential role in the demyelinating process remain unclear, requiring further studies on MS pathogenesis from the point of metal metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Resemblance of magnesium and zinc distribution in soft tissues and bone of rats fed unbalanced mineral diets in situ].

Although the role of zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in situ may be of a critical importance in replication, transcription and repair of DNA, to our knowledge, the relationship between Mg and Zn has been described. This study, therefore, was designed experimentally to investigate the relationship between Mg and Zn in soft tissues and bone of rats after fortification of unbalanced mineral diets, and minerals and metals in soft tissues and bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. In the groups fed low calcium (Ca) diet, low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet, serum Mg level was lower in the group fed low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet than those in the groups fed standard diet and low Ca diet. However, there was no significant difference in Mg content of CNS tissues in rats fed unbalanced and standard diets except for that in the spinal cord of rats fed low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet. Whereas, Zn content of CNS showed lower values in the unbalanced mineral diet groups, especially in all CNS regions of the low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet group, than those in the standard and the low Ca diet group. And Zn contents in heart, kidney and abdominal aorta of rats fed low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet were more decreased than those of the standard and the low Ca diet groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between cough threshold to inhaled tartaric acid and sex, smoking and atopy in humans].

It has been reported that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) elicits dry cough more frequently in women than in men. This study was designed to evaluate whether airway cough receptors are more sensitive in women than in men. Cough threshold to inhaled tartaric acid was measured in 33 men and 29 women. In non-atopic and non-smoking subjects, geometric mean value of cough threshold in women was 10.0 (GSEM, 1.29) %, which was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower than that in men, 22.5 (GSEM, 1.30) %. In non-atopic men, the cough threshold was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in smokers (9.3 (GSEM, 1.57) %) than in non-smokers. In non-smoking women, the cough threshold was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower in atopic subjects (4.2 (GSEM, 1.33) %) than in non-atopic subjects. These results demonstrated that airway cough receptors may be more sensitive in women, smoking men and atopic women.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[Distribution of calcium and magnesium in soft tissues, especially in the central nervous system, and bone of rats fed with low calcium-magnesium with or without aluminum loading diets].

Current epidemiological investigations in the Western Pacific area have suggested that the environmental factors contribute to the pathogenetic process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The condition of unbalanced minerals found in soil and drinking water of ALS foci with low content of Ca and Mg plus high content of Al was experimentally mimicked in this study using rats. In the groups fed with low calcium diet, low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet, serum calcium levels were lower than those in the group fed with standard diet. Also serum Mg levels were lower in the groups fed with low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet than in the group fed with standard diet and low Ca diet. However, there was no significant difference in Mg content of the central nervous system (CNS) tissues of groups with unbalanced and standard diets except for that in spinal cord of rats fed with low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet, determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. On the other hand, Ca content of CNS showed higher values in the unbalanced diet groups, especially in spinal cord of the low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet group, than those in the standard diet group. And Ca content in heart, liver, kidney and abdominal aorta of rats fed with both low Ca-Mg diet and low Ca-Mg plus high Al diet increased that those of standard and low Ca diet groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1990

[Contents of calcium, phosphorus and aluminum in central nervous system, liver and kidney of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis--scavenger effects of vinpocetine on the deposition of elements].

The aims in this study were designed to clarify the contents of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al) in central nervous system (CNS), liver and kidney of rabbits with atherosclerosis experimentally induced by cholesterol-rich diet, and investigate scavenger effect of 14-ethoxycarbonyl-(3 alpha, 16 alpha-ethyl)-14,15-eburnamenine (vinpocetine) on the deposition of these elements in CNS and soft tissues of experimental atherosclerosis. Sixteen male rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Each group was fed with standard diet (Group A), standard diet containing 1.5% cholesterol (Group B), standard diet containing 1.5% cholesterol plus oral administration of 3 mg/kg/day vinpocetine (Group C), and standard diet containing 1.5% cholesterol plus administration of 10 mg/kg/day vinpocetine (Group D). After 3 months' feeding, experimental atherosclerosis was produced with a modified method of Kritchevsky et al in rabbits of Groups B, C and D. Blood was collected by cardiocentesis under the anesthesia of ether and then rabbits sacrificed to remove CNS and other tissues. The blood was stood for 1 hour at room temperature and separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min to determine serum total cholesterol, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, peroxide lipid, NEFA and calcium levels. Ca, P and Al contents in the frontal lobe, pons, cerebellum, spinal cord, liver and kidney were determined by neutron activation analysis. Ca contents of CNS, liver and kidney in Group B significantly increased than those of Group A (p less than 0.01), and significantly decreased in Groups C and D compared with those of Group B (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

Oxygen exchange reaction during ATP hydrolysis by glycerinated muscle fibers, myofibrils, and synthetic actomyosin filaments.

The oxygen exchange during ATP hydrolysis by glycerinated muscle fibers, myofibrils, and synthetic actomyosin filaments was studied from the distribution of the [18O]Pi species produced by the hydrolysis of [gamma-18O]ATP. The products were mixtures of two species, one with a low extent of oxygen exchange and the other with a high extent. The low and high extents of oxygen exchange in these two Pi species were the same as those of the acto-S-1 ATPase reaction through the routes with and without the dissociation of actomyosin, respectively (Yasui, M., Ohe, M., Kajita, A., Arata, T., & Inoue, A. [1988] J. Biochem. 104, 550-559). During isometric contraction of glycerinated muscle fibers at 20 degrees C, the fraction of ATP hydrolysis with low extent of oxygen exchange was 0.83 and 0.70, respectively, in 0 and 120 mM KCl. In myofibrils, the fraction of ATP hydrolysis with a low extent of oxygen exchange was 0.72-0.88 in 0-120 mM KCl at 20 degrees C. Therefore, in glycerinated muscle fibers and myofibrils ATP seems to be mainly hydrolyzed through a route without the dissociation of actomyosin, especially at low ionic strength and at room temperature when the tension development is high. ATP hydrolysis through this route may be coupled with muscle contraction.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Preventive effect of vinpocetine on calcifications: atherosclerosis in experimental rabbits.

The action of vinpocetine (14-ethoxycarbonyl-(3 alpha, 16 alpha-ethyl)-14, 15 eburnamine) on calcifications in liver, kidney, and CNS tissues from cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in 16 experimental rabbits was studied. Three of 4 groups (4 rabbits each group) feeding on a cholesterol-rich diet developed atherosclerosis after 3 months. Two of the 4 groups were also fed vinpocetine supplements and analysis by neutron activation method showed a decrease in calcium content in CNS tissues and in liver and kidney. Results suggest that vinpocetine acts to decalcify cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in these tissues.

Animals↗