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Biomedical subjects

M Zaccaria

Publications and source records attributed to M Zaccaria.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Plasma insulin response to glibornuride in thyrotoxicosis.

The glycemic and insulinemic response to i.v. glibornuride injection has been studied in a group of 8 euthyroid subjects and in a group of 9 thyrotoxic patients before and after reserpine treatment. In thyrotoxic patients sulfonylurea did not lower blood glucose more than in normal subjects. The plasma insulin response, however, was definitely higher than that of the controls in the first few minutes; after the 20th minute, however, levels of insulinemia were not appreciably different in the two groups. Insulin delivery rate was greater in hyperthyroid patients than in the controls. Administration of reserpine for a few days, did not modify either insulin response or blood glucose fall in thyrotoxic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Medical treatment of endogenous organic hyperinsulinism.

There are several situations in which medical therapy of hyperinsulinism induced by islet cell tumors or hyperplasia is necessary and at present we have at our disposal several drugs which are capable of reducing endogenous hyperinsulinism. They are: -Streptozotocin, which represents today the most useful therapeutic agent for beta cell carcinoma therapy; -Diazoxide, which represents the drug of first choice for the treatment of most hypoglycemic syndromes caused by islet cell adenoma or hyperplasia; -Propranolol, Chlorpromazine, Diphenylhydantoin, which may be regarded as a useful alternative to diazoxide, although they are capable of giving rather inconstant results. These drugs may today effectively substitute for corticosteroids and glucagon in the medical treatment of almost every chronic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic syndrome, including malignant beta cell carcinoma.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic and endocrine responses to a standard mixed meal. A physiologic study.

In order to study endocrine and metabolic responses to normal food ingestion, 8 'healthy' subjects received a standard mixed meal which reflected the composition of Western diet (CHO 47%, protein 23%, fat 26%, alcohol 4%), in 20 min. Before and after the meal, in each subject glucose, lactate, FFA, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and HGH were determined. The results showed that glycemic and insulinemic responses were not very different from those observed after the classical oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma FFA and blood lactate decreased progressively after the meal. Plasma glucagon and HGH showed opposite changes: pancreatic glucagon rose and HGH slightly declined after composite food ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on metabolic alterations after a mixed meal and during a 39-hour fast in thyrotoxicosis.

In order to determine the endocrine and metabolic state of thyrotoxicosis we measured blood glucose and plasma insulin response to ingestion of a mixed meal in 19 euthyroid and 9 hyperthyroid subjects. Moreover concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, acetoacetate (AcAc) beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB), insulin and human growth hormone (hGH) were determined in the blood of both healthy and hyperthyroid patients after an overnight and a 39-h fast. In another group of thyrotoxics the overnight fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) was measured. After a mixed meal blood glucose and plasma insulin changes of FFA, AcAc and beta-OHB was significantly higher in thyrotoxics, whereas hGH increase did not appear significantly greater in these subjects. There was no statistical difference between the respiratory quotient mean values found in hyperthyroid and in control subjects. In conclusion, these data indicate that in thyrotoxicosis absolute insulin response to a mixed meal is normal and that food deprivation considerably increase lipid mobilization from adipose tissue and causes an exaggerated starvation ketosis. The RQ mean valoue suggests that in the hyperthyroid state lipid-derived fuel as well as carbohydrate-derived fuel contributes to the increased oxygen consumption.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacologic treatment of constitutional short stature].

The term constitutional short stature is used to describe clinical situations characterized by low stature, assessed using special growth nomograms, but which are not due to specific endocrine alterations, nor to genetic causes or skeletal dysmorphisms, nor secondary to specific organ pathologies or chronic diseases. On the basis of this definition, our paper also includes the so-called normal variants of short stature (familial short stature and constitutional delay of growth) and intrauterine growth retardation. The endocrine and auxological features of constitutional short stature are described in the literature and provide an adequate basis for the use of therapies which include, in addition to growth hormone, substances capable of stimulating the endogenous secretion of the hormone (L-dopa, bromocriptine, clonidine, GHRH, pyridostigmine), or anabolic hormones. Biosynthetic growth hormone therapy is without doubt the most widely used, both on account of the extensive clinical experience and due to the easy availability of the drug made possible by the use of the biosynthetic molecule. Many subjects affected by constitutional short stature show a good response to hGH therapy, whereas others do not benefit by this treatment. New therapies using GHRH and neurodrugs, which are certainly easier to handle and less expensive, represent a new approach to the therapy of constitutional short stature but this condition still requires further investigation.

Dwarfism↗