Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Zembala.
An unusual case of cyanotic heart disease in a 20-year-old male has been presented. Cyanosis was due to right to left shunt through direct right pulmonary artery--left atrium fistula. After successful operative ligation of the fistula, the patient got rid of cyanosis and is doing well.
Monoclonal antibody against recombinant human tumour necrosis factor alpha (rTNF) was used for the immunochemical detection of TNF in human blood monocytes and monocytic cell line U 937. Cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) showed strong surface but not cytoplasmic staining. Unstimulated cells demonstrated weak or no staining. At early time after stimulation (1-2h) a spot reaction was seen in the Golgi area of the cytoplasm of stimulated cells. Coculture of tumour cells with monocytes also resulted in the induction of membrane TNF. Ultrastructural studies confirmed TNF localization within the cell membrane. These results indicate that TNF can be detected within the cells by immunocytochemistry which may make feasible studies on TNF appearance in cellular infiltrates in the tissues.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is biologically active peptide commonly seen in many human tissues and organs. Its high concentration has been found in the salivary glands. The purpose of the present study was to determine EGF immunolocalization in normal human major salivary glands using a new monoclonal antibody anti-EGF. The results were compared with EGF location determined by using two human antibodies (Oncogene, USA and ICI from dr Gregory, UK). Immunohistochemical studies were performed by the PAP method. All antibodies demonstrated EGF expression in the efferent pathways of the salivary glands, especially in their proximal segments.
The aim of this study was to analyze phenotypes of T cells activated by mitogen (PWM) and antigen (PPD) in the presence of FcR+ or FcR- monocytes. It was found that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes are preferentially activated in the presence of different monocyte subpopulations. Expression of HLA-DR and CD25 on CD4+ lymphocytes was greater in cultures activated in the presence of FcR-. CD8+ lymphocytes were more efficiently activated (expression of HLA-DR) when FcR+ monocytes were added to culture. In the presence of FcR+ monocytes an increased expression of CD45RA antigen on CD4+ cells was also observed. These data support our previous functional studies which showed that "suppressor" T cells of CD8+ phenotype are activated in the presence of FcR+ monocytes.
In the presented article, the course and results of anatomical correction of transposition of great arteries (TGA) in 7 neonates (2 females and 5 males) with mean body mass of 3250 g and 2 to 5 days old (mean 3 days) are reviewed. Surgery was performed in moderate hypothermia. St. Thomas cold cardioplegia was used. Mean aortic clamping time was 70 min (55-115), and the time of extracorporeal circulation was 165 min (117-210). Low cardiac output in all patients in the postoperative period required prolonged mechanical ventilation and positive inotropic drugs. Out of 7 patients operated, two died (29%). The cause of death in both cases was myocardial ischemia of right ventricle. The other 5 patients were discharged after healing of operational wound. In the control echocardiographic examination performed 3 to 12 months postoperatively, apart from one case of moderate pulmonary artery stenosis, no other haemodynamically significant complications were noted.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a biologically active peptide involved in differentiation, growth, regeneration and repair of human and animal tissues. Quantitative biochemical studies showed in man the highest concentration of EGF in the parotid gland. The aim of the present study was to define EGF immunolocalization in the individual segments of the human major salivary glands (salivon). The material consisted of sections obtained from the surgically removed salivary glands: parotid, submaxillary and sublingual. Immunohistochemical studies were performed by PAP method using monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor. EGF expression was found almost exclusively in the efferent pathways of the salivary glands, mostly in the intercalated ducts and Pflüger salivary tubules. These segments of the salivon are most developed in the parotid gland in which the staining was stronger than in other salivary glands.
The expression of MHC class II determinants (HLA-DR, HLA-DP and Ia7) on peripheral blood monocytes (OKM1+ cells) was studied in 20 children with newly diagnosed IDDM. Monocytes of 10 children with IDDM and familial predisposition showed a statistically significant increase of HLA-DR expression when compared to control group (10 healthy children). There were no significant differences concerning Ia7 expression. HLA-DP expression was similar in all studied groups.
The relative number of T/B lymphocytes and the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to PHA in the migration inhibition test was studied in a group of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. It has been found that the level of T lymphocytes and the response to PHA was decreased in patients in particular those with frequent relapses. The possible implications of these finding for pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is briefly discussed.
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We have examined the ability of macrophages (Mphi) to transmit T-cell derived suppressor signals to other T cells. The suppressor signal studied is an antigen-specific factor which suppresses the ability of adoptively transferred, sensitized lymphocytes to express contact hypersensitivity in normal recipients. We have found that this factor binds to peritoneal exudate Mphi via cell surface structures which can be blocked with heat-aggregated gamma globulin. Dead (HK) Mphi bind the factor but fail to present it in a functional way to assay (immune) T cells, whereas live (L) Mphi perform both functions. Further, L Mphi can retrieve the factor in an active form from the surfaces of HK Mphi. Based on these and other findings (1-5), we discuss the possibility that Mphi may play as important a role in presenting T-cell communication signals to the cells of the immune system as they do in presenting antigen.
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The inhibition of migration of human peripheral blood cells in the presence of PPD was studied. It was found that migration inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MN) from Mantoux-positive donors was far greater than the migration inhibition of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). Moreover, MN cells and T lymphocytes showed larger and more uniform areas of migration. In contrast, the migration of B lymphocytes and monocytes was poor. Further analysis using purified subpopulations of MN cells showed that PPD inhibited the migration of T lymphocytes but not of B lymphocytes and monocytes. Corresponding to these findings, lymphokine-containing supernatants also inhibited the migration of purified T cells from Matoux-negative donors. It was concluded that the T lymphocyte was the predominant cell in the MN cell population, which migrated, and was subject to inhibition by PPD or lymphokines. These results imply that the movement of human T lymphocytes may be influenced by soluble factors from antigen-activated sensitized cells.
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The effect of the lymphocytes from picryl sulfonic acid treatment animals on primary and secondary humoral immune response to TNP hapten was investigated. These cells known to inhibit contract sensitivity reactions were also able to depress primary IgM response. When peritoneal exudate cells from normal mice incubated in suppressor supernatant were transferred into primed mice the suppression of IgM but no IgM secondary response was observed. In contrast peritoneal exudate cells incubated in control supernatant augmented IgM but didn't affect IgG response. It is postulated that normal peritoneal exudate cells (presumably macrophages) can stimulate IgM response. This enhancing activity could be partially blocked by soluble suppressor factor.
Monocyte Fc receptor expression and monocyte-mediated antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) was studied in a group of patients with stomach and colorectal carcinoma. Is was found that FC receptor expression and ADCC was increased in patients as compared to control subjects. These differences were more evident after trypsin pretreatment of monocytes. There was an inverse correlation between these changes and lymphocyte response to PHA. The role of monocyte functional changes in determining the magnitude of patients' lymphocyte response is discussed.
The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to PHA and PPD in migration inhibition test has been studied in patients with Duke's B-D colorectal carcinoma. It was found the response of patients cells to both stimulants was increased. This enhanced lymphokine release and/or production was closely connected with the tumor load. The implications of these findings to the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response in cancer patients are briefly discussed.