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Biomedical subjects

M Ziskind

Publications and source records attributed to M Ziskind.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity in silicosis.

Selected parameters of cell-mediated immunity were determined in a group of 16 patients with silicosis. The results were compared with those of a control group of 13 subjects without silica exposure. There were no group differences in the mean number of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests to a battery of recall antigens (purified protein derivative, candida, streptokinase-streptodornase, and trichophyton) or in the mean number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and the antigens listed, and the percentage of lymphocytes that formed sheep red blood cell rosettes (t cells) and complement rosettes (B cells) were also similar in both groups; however, the silica-exposed group demonstrated depressed lymphocyte stimulation in response to low concentrations of concanavalin A.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in sandblasters' silicosis.

Of 39 silicotic sandblasters evaluated in 1972 and 1973, 17 (44 per cent) had positive serum antinuclear antibody reactions. This prevalence is higher than those reported for other pneumonconioses. Comparison of the groups positive and negative for antinuclear antibodies showed that patients positive for antinuclear antibodies were unlikely to have normal ventilatory function and were more likely to have roentgenograms showing large opacities. Both groups had similar proportions showing lobar cavitation or contraction.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1976

Silicosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The efficiency of protective hoods used by sandblasters to reduce silica dust exposure.

Several types of respiratory protective hoods used by sandblasters were investigated in two steel fabrication yards. MSA Gravimetric Dust Samplers were used to collect respirable dust samples outside and inside hoods during sandblasting. Colorimetric and x-ray diffraction techniques were applied to the samples for free-silica determination. The majority of the sandblasters, who wore various types of air-supplied hoods, were exposed to an average level of silica dust several times higher than the TLV. Sandblasters wearing non-air-supplied hoods were at the greatest risk. Modern well maintained and properly worn air-supplied hoods offered fair protection during sandblasting periods, but the concentration of suspended respirable dust in ambient air during non-blasting intervals exceeded the TLV by several times.

Air↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory effects in toluene diisocyanate manufacture: a multidisciplinary approach.

A new plant manufacturing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of TDI vapor inhalation on respiratory health in a group of exposed workers who have been studied prior to the start of plant operation. In order to establish dose-response relationships and determine host factors, complete biologic monitoring, including pulmonary function and immunologic studies, has been performed concurrently with a comprehensive environmental monitoring program including continuous sampling for atmospheric concentrations of TDI. Study groups include workers with regular exposure to TDI in production jobs (83), workers with intermittent contact with this vapor, usually in maintenance (28), and a control group of workers employed outside the TDI area (55). This population is being followed for a period of 5 yr. The plant began operations in August 1973 with start-up procedures completed by the end of October. TDI spills occurred for numerous reasons, usually attributed to pump failure and resultant line blockage. Significant exposures also occurred in the drumming operation. The influence of these malfunctions is noted in the continuous monitoring data on atmospheric TDI concentrations which continue to reveal frequent excursions above the threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.02 ppm ceiling. These data are presented in relation to time and plant location. Although the first full year follow-up following initial exposure was not complete, certain preliminary clinical observations were made. A number of workers had episodes of acute respiratory symptoms related to single exposure to an irritant gas at work, usually either TDI or phosgene. It appears that two or three workers in the study population have become "clinically sensitized" to TDI and have been removed from regular TDI exposure. To date, the total number of workers who report the presence of recurring respiratory symptoms has not increased in comparison with the pre-exposure survey. Pulmonary function data after one full year of TDI exposure are not yet available. Pre- and post-shift ventilatory function studies do not indicate significant differences between the exposed and control groups. Selected individuals had carefully controlled inhalation challenge tests to monitored concentrations of TDI vapor under laboratory conditions. In workers suspected of having become "sensitized", immediate and/or late air flow obstruction was demonstrated and could be related to dose of inhaled TDI.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of asbestos and beryllium on release of alveolar macrophage enzymes.

Rabbit alveolar macrophages were exposed in culture medium to asbestos, beryllium sulfate, and beryllium oxide. The specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, acid phosphatase beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase plus the glycolytic enzyme, phosphohexose isomerase were determined in the medium, whole-cell homogenates, mitochondrial fractions, and supernatant. These hydrolases increased significantly in the medium but not in the mitochondrial fraction of cells exposed to dusts. Asbestos and beryllium sulfate were highly cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages in vitro and the data suggested that these agents were not associated with an increase in enzyme synthesis but rather a direct cytotoxic effect at the macrophage membrane level. For induction of enzyme release in vitro, a higher concentration of beryllium oxide was needed when compared with asbestos and beryllium sulfate. The cytotoxicity and enzyme release induced by these agents may represent an important nonspecific mechanism by which they induce inflammation and perhaps local proliferation of fibroblasts.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary function in sandblasters' silicosis.

Lung function was examined in 55 patients with sandblasters' silicosis. In this type of silicosis, patients with simple nodular disease had normal function. Restrictive and obstructive impairment was present in patients with large opacities, and was more marked in patients with radiographic evidence of contraction or cavitation. In the last group, striking average annual declines in ventilatory function occurred. Compared to patients with classical silicosis, these patients were younger and had intense, short exposures to free crystalline silica. The pattern of functional abnormalities suggested that restriction of lung volumes is a fundamental abnormality in this form of silicosis.

Adult↗