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Biomedical subjects

M von Cranach

Publications and source records attributed to M von Cranach.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Abnormalities of adult personality and behaviour (section F 6)--results of the ICD-10 field trial.

Personality disorders, the most important category of section F6, were studied in the ICD-10 field trial. The overall Kappa values for interrater reliability of section F6 is 0.64, for personality disorders 0.61 and for dyssocial personality 0.73. These results are very close to those of the DSM-III field trials. Subjective assessments of feasibility, suitability and goodness of fit demonstrate good acceptance of the diagnostic guidelines by the clinicians. A comparison of ICD-9, DSM-III and ICD-10 diagnoses yielded broad agreement for diagnoses of personality disorders with overlapping Kappa values of 0.91 and 0.94. The acceptance and reliability of the new classification could be increased by a number of improvements and the planned introduction of a multiaxial system.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Summary of the qualitative criticisms made during the ICD-10 field trial and remarks on the German translation of ICD-10.

The 1987 draft of ICD-10 presents many new aspects of the psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. Some were readily accepted by the participants of the field study, including: the purely descriptive approach with the abautonment of many theoretical concepts; the more operationalized descriptions of the diagnoses; similarity in structure and terms to DSM-III-R. Others proved controversial: extension of the term dementia to include even mild and moderately severe organic psychosyndromes; inclusion of all forms of depression in one chapter, and their subdivisioning only by severity; different time criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in DSM-III-R (6 months) and ICD-10 (1 month). Considerable criticism was levelled at the overly long and often tediously formulated text, and the lack of didactic organisation. A number of examples of translation difficulties are given, and the differences between a too literal and a technically correct equivalent translation disu-used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

ICD-10 field trial in German-speaking countries--summary, judgement and perspectives.

On the basis of the results of the field trial, the most important classificatory innovations of ICD-10, together with their advantages and disadvantages are described. The initial good acceptance of the new system could be further improved by structural modifications, such as a uniform and systematic description of the individual diagnostic categories. Criticism of content was focused on affective and neurotic disorders and adult personality disorders. When it is introduced, the psychiatric chapter of ICD-10 will surpass most of the hitherto existing psychiatric classification systems in size, differentiation and international testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Test-retest reliability of a standardized psychiatric interview (DIS/CIDI).

The reliability of DSM-III diagnoses using an expanded version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), called the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), was evaluated by examining 60 psychiatric inpatients on a test-retest basis. Acceptable agreement coefficients of (kappa) 0.5 or above were found for all but two disorders: dysthymic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The subclassification of DSM-III affective disorders also revealed some discrepancies between the test and the retest interviews. When compared with results from earlier versions of the DIS, diagnostic reliability was found to have improved for the DSM-III anxiety disorders in particular. These improvements can possibly be attributed to some changes in the wording of the respective items of this section. Several reasons for lowered test-retest reliability are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Impairment of perception and recognition of faces, mimic expression and gestures in schizophrenic patients.

The perception and recognition of faces, mimic expression and gestures were investigated in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients by means of a movie test described in a previous report (Berndl et al. 1986). The error scores were compared with results from a semi-quantitative evaluation of psychopathological symptoms and with some data from the case histories. The overall error scores found in the three groups of schizophrenic patients (paranoic, hebephrenic, schizo-affective) were significantly increased (7-fold) over those of normals. No significant difference in the distribution of the error scores in the three different patient groups was found. In 10 different sub-tests following the movie the deficiencies found in the schizophrenic patients were analysed in detail. The error score for the averbal test was on average higher in paranoic patients than in the two other groups of patients, while the opposite was true for the error scores found in the verbal tests. Age and sex had some impact on the test results. In normals, female subjects were somewhat better than male. In schizophrenic patients the reverse was true. Thus female patients were more affected by the disease than male patients with respect to the task performance. The correlation between duration of the disease and error score was small; less than 10% of the error scores could be attributed to factors related to the duration of illness. Evaluation of psychopathological symptoms indicated that the stronger the schizophrenic defect, the higher the error score, but again this relationship was responsible for not more than 10% of the errors. The estimated degree of acute psychosis and overall sum of psychopathological abnormalities as scored in a semi-quantitative exploration did not correlate with the error score, but with each other. Similarly, treatment with psychopharmaceuticals, previous misuse of drugs or of alcohol had practically no effect on the outcome of the test data. The analysis of performance and test data of schizophrenic patients indicated that our findings are most likely not due to a "non-specific" impairment of cognitive function in schizophrenia, but point to a fairly selective defect in elementary cognitive visual functions necessary for averbal social communication. Some possible explanations of the data are discussed in relation to neuropsychological and neurophysiological findings on "face-specific" cortical areas located in the primate temporal lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic reliability and validity of the PSE/CATEGO-system (author's transl)].

An unselected series of 100 psychiatric inpatient admissions were interviewed at admission by a psychiatrist using the German version of the PSE (Present State Examination), with a second psychiatrist as an observer. The diagnostic agreement between the two project psychiatrists was considerably higher than the agreement between clinicians and CATEGO, a computerised diagnostic system based on PSE data. The disagreements are discussed.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1981

[The Münchner Klinik and Psychiatric Diagnosis (author's transl)].

The proposals for the classification of psychiatric disorders made at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Munich reflect the development of psychiatric nosology during this century. Kraepelin modified self-critically his classification several times and was attacked by his successor Bumke, who proposed a descriptive "Syndromlehre" but later initiated a period of acceptance of the concept of disease entities lasting until the beginning of the seventies, when the concept of multiaxial classifications came into wider discussion.

Germany↗
PubMed1980

Reliability of the AMDP-system. A preliminary report on a multicentre exercise on the reliability of psychopathological assessment.

The AMDP-System is a documentation system for psychiatric data widely in use in the German-speaking countries. A summary of results of a multicentered study of interrater agreement of the Psychopathology Scale is presented. A new index of rater agreement was tested and the notion is discussed that the judgement of the presence and the absence of a symptom are two different processes with different reliability.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1979

[Stability of the factor structure in the AMDP-Scale (author's transl)].

A factor analytic study of the Psychopathology Scale and the Somatic Symptoms Scale of the AMDP System in reported. The random sample was comprised of 1166 psychiatric inpatients, and the resulting factors are compared with other factor analytic studies based on the AMDP System. The study concluded that the AMDP scales have a stable factorial structure, but more exact comparative methods of factorial structure should be applied in future studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Further developments of the 'present state examination' and CATEGO system.

Some further developments of the PSE and CATEGO system are reported. The shorter ninth revision of the PSE, together with its glossary of definitions of symptoms, has proved useful in skilled hands and certain sources of error in the eighth edition have been reduced. The Syndrome Check List and Aetiology Schedule have proved useful in decreasing the number of coding errors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Further developments of the AMP-system. A report on the 2nd AMP-symposium and training seminar (author's transl)].

This is a report of a symposium and training seminar of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie" (AMP). Video-recordings of two psychiatric interviews were shown during the seminar and rated by the participants using the AMP-3-Scale (Psychopathology). Aim of the seminar was a rater training and the preparation of an expert standard rating. These videotapes with the corresponding standard ratings will enable the different clinics using the AMP-System to compare their rating behaviour. The process of achieving an expert standard rating is described. The training seminar was followed by a symposium during which a series of lectures was presented on "Standardized Assessment in Psychiatry", The different working groups of the Association reported about their work and future prospects of the Association were discussed.

Congresses as Topic↗