Discrepancies in pelvic anatomy.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
Man-Wah Pang
Publications and source records attributed to Man-Wah Pang.
Measurement of tension-free vaginal tape trocar insertion and exit forces.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aims to establish a model to measure the forces required for tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) trocar application using a pressure transducer. METHODS: A 3.5 x 3.5 cm pressure transducer was constructed from piezo-resistive material. The transducer digitally recorded the surface contact pressure (pressure = force/area) profile continuously during TVT trocar application. Recordings were successfully obtained from 24 subjects. RESULTS: The mean (standard error) peak contact pressures during application at the right and left side vaginal walls, and right and left side abdominal walls were 1.05 (0.12) pounds per square inch (psi), 1.08 (0.21) psi, 2.49 (0.3) psi and 2.49 (0.3) psi, respectively. On both the right and left side, pair-wise comparisons between trocar insertion and exit forces were significantly different (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A model has been developed by which TVT trocar application forces can be objectively measured. The TVT trocar exit force is substantially greater than the insertion force, regardless of side.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Changing prevalence and knowledge of urinary incontinence among Hong Kong Chinese women.
A territory-wide telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong to assess the prevalence, knowledge, and treatment-seeking behaviour of Chinese women with urinary incontinence, using validated Chinese version of Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Women, 540, aged between 17 to 77 years were interviewed. Of the respondents, 40.8% reported stress urinary incontinence, 20.4% had urge incontinence and 15.9% had mixed incontinence. Among these, 16.0% reported quality of life impairment; 9.3% felt frustrated with low morale, and 15.2% had nervous and anxiety problems. However, as many as 78.3% of the respondents did not know that stress urinary incontinence is a disease entity, and 60.6% thought that leakage of urine was a normal aging process. For those respondents having stress urinary incontinence, the first treatment of choice was physiotherapy. The second choice was medication, and surgical treatment was the last option. Respondents with stress urinary incontinence showed higher education level.
Adult↗
Screening test model using duration of labor for the detection of postpartum urinary retention.
AIMS: To construct a screening test model for postpartum urinary retention (PUR), using the duration of labor, which was shown to be the risk factor for PUR. METHODS: A group of 691 consecutive patients were recruited at postpartum day 1. Of the 691 patients, 101 (14.6%) had PUR. The 691 patients were computer-randomized into two groups, 'A' and 'B.' A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for Group A to determine the optimum cutoff value for screening PUR using the duration of labor. The cutoff value was then applied to Group B to determine the screening test characteristics of the duration of labor: sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS: An ROC curve with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.63 (95% CI 0.57-0.69, P < 0.0001) was constructed. A range of cutoff values (with specificity ranging from 0.60 to 0.99) for the duration of labor was determined and the test characteristics computed. According to the test characteristics the optimal cutoff value for the duration of labor was 700 min. This cutoff value for the duration of labor has a specificity of 0.95, negative predicative value of 0.86, and likelihood ratio for a positive test of 0.88. CONCLUSION: A screening test model using the duration of labor can be constructed to predict PUR.
Adult↗
Placental transfer of Zidovudine in first trimester of pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: Zidovudine is one of the most common antiretroviral drugs used to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. However, it is not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy because of reservations about its potential teratogenicity during the organogenesis phase. The objective of this study was to investigate the placental transfer of zidovudine in the first trimester of human pregnancy. METHODS: Twenty-six pregnant women were given 2 oral doses of zidovudine (200 mg) before first trimester surgical termination of pregnancy. Maternal blood, fetal tissue, and coelomic and amniotic fluid were collected for drug analysis. RESULTS: Zidovudine was detected in all samples of maternal serum and fetal tissue but present in only 7 samples of amniotic and coelomic fluid. Zidovudine concentration in fetal tissue was similar to that of maternal serum. The median fetal/maternal ratio was 0.92 and was not associated with gestational age (r = 0.03, P = .89). CONCLUSION: Zidovudine crossed the first trimester human placenta readily and achieved the level of maternal serum rapidly. Patients who choose to take zidovudine in first trimester of pregnancy should be counseled about the potential fetal effects.
Abortion, Legal↗
A study of female urinary tract infection caused by urodynamic investigation.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of female urinary tract infection before and after urodynamic investigation and to identify the risk factors for urinary tract infection after urodynamic investigation. STUDY DESIGN: Eight hundred twenty-two consecutive incontinent women were recruited. All women were "double-screened" and treated for urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation: first by mid stream urine culture 4 to 6 weeks before investigation and then by reagent strips for urine leukocytes and nitrites at the time of investigation. The investigation was postponed until the urinary tract infection had been treated. All women then received a standard urodynamic investigation. RESULTS: The prevalence of urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation was 5.1% (95% CI, 3.6-6.6), and the prevalence after the investigation was 8.4% (95% CI, 6.5-10.3). Three independent risk factors were identified: age >or=70 years (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14-3.48), previous continence surgery (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05-3.43), and urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation (odds ratio, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.43-6.83). The 3 most common uropathogens in the urinary tract infections after the urodynamic investigation were Escherichia coli (46.3%), Enterococcus spp (16.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (11.9%). CONCLUSION: Despite a stringent screen-and-treat protocol before urodynamic investigation, patients still experienced urinary tract infection.
Adult↗