Biomedical subjects

Manabu Shiozawa

Publications and source records attributed to Manabu Shiozawa.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

A multicenter survey on BRAF screening for the implementation of perioperative cancer genomic medicine for resectable colorectal oligometastases.

BACKGROUND: Genomic screening is an essential, but potentially time-consuming procedure, especially in neoadjuvant settings. We evaluated the preoperative screening of the BRAF V600E mutation for recruitment to a clinical trial among patients with resectable colorectal oligometastases (CRM). METHODS: In April 2022, an investigator-initiated trial was launched to investigate the efficacy and safety of perioperative use of the BEACON triplet regimen for BRAF V600E mutant resectable CRM. BRAF screening was retrospectively conducted in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases in 2019 for planning the trial and prospectively conducted in preoperative patients with resectable CRM from January 2022 to June 2025 for patient recruitment to the trial. RESULTS: BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 12 (3.2%) of 379 postoperative patients retrospectively and in 36 (1.7%) of 2140 preoperative patients prospectively, with 1840 patients (86.0%) carrying the wild-type and 264 patients (12.3%) classified as untested. The detection rate of the BRAF V600E mutation was significantly lower when the screening was performed prospectively in preoperative patients (P < 0.001). The untested rates varied across metastatic organs, with 10.3% in the liver, 18.1% in the lungs, 12.0% in the lymph nodes, 16.7% in the peritoneum, and 7.8% in other organs. The untested rates decreased consistently across semiannual comparisons: 28.5% in the first evaluation, followed by 15.0%, 12.0%, 8.4%, 9.1%, 7.3%, and 7.1% (P < 0.01 when compared with the first period). CONCLUSION: Raising physician awareness, as reflected by the untested rate, is a crucial factor in conducting clinical trials to implement perioperative cancer genomic medicine.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

[A case of flat elevated type carcinoma in adenoma of the duodenum with gastric cancer].

Duodenal adenoma is rare, and there have been very few case reports of flat elevated type adenoma. We report a case of flat elevated type carcinoma in adenoma of the duodenum with gastric cancer. A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital for gastric cancer. Endoscopic examination revealed the gastric cancer and a flat elevated tumor in the descending part of the duodenum, measuring 6 cm in diameter. The biopsy specimen of the duodenal lesion was diagnosed as adenoma. Distal gastrectomy and segmental partial resection of the duodenum were performed with no complication. Histologically, the gastric cancer was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with submcosal invasion and without lymph node metastasis, and the duodenal tumor was a well differentiated carcinoma in villous adenoma. The duodenal adenocarcinoma was limited to the mucosal layer and the resected margins were free of tumor. It is difficult to distinguish a carcinoma from a benign elevated lesion in the duodenum. Therefore, a resection of the whole tumor is necessary. Though endoscopic resection is the first choice of therapy, a surgical partial resection is necessary when it is difficult. Then, a segmental resection may be one of the useful procedures of surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2002

In-vitro effect of a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) on human gastric cancer cell lines: timing of cisplatin treatment.

BACKGROUND: To date, we have few effective chemotherapeutic agents against advanced and recurrent gastric cancer. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) are the most widely used drugs, and their combination has demonstrated favorable outcomes. However, the method (especially the timing) of CDDP administration is not well established. METHODS: We examined the in-vitro effect of a combination of 5-FU and CDDP on four human gastric cancer cell lines: MKN-1, MKN-28, MKN-45, and MKN-74. The cell lines were exposed to 50% of the inhibitory concentrations of 5-FU and CDDP for 72 h and 8 h, respectively. CDDP was applied before, simultaneously with, and after the start of treatment with 5-FU. RESULTS: When CDDP was applied after 5-FU, the cytotoxic activity against MKN-28, MKN-45, and MKN-74 was significantly potentiated. Against MKN-1, the earlier the initiation of CDDP treatment, the stronger was the cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the cytotoxicity of a combination of 5-FU and CDDP against human gastric cancer cells is both cell-line- and schedule-dependent and is especially affected by the timing of the CDDP treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2002

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas.

A rare case of osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas is reported. A 45-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal pain and weight loss. Examination revealed a tumor in the tail of pancreas, and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. Pathological findings showed the tumor was composed of two cell types: atypical mononuclear round cells and abundant osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells with central nucleoli. Immunohistochemical study showed that the atypical cells were strongly reactive for vimentin and negative for CD68, while the giant cells were immunoreactive for CD68, but negative for vimentin. The tumor was diagnosed as osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas. We report this case and review 31 cases previously described in the literature.

Female↗

PubMed2002

[Is sentinel lymph node navigation useful for laparoscopic gastrectomy].

The aim of this paper is to assess the usefulness of sentinel lymph node navigation for laparoscopic gastrectomy. The standard lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a D2 dissection. D2 dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy can be performed with laparoscopic gastrectomy as well as with open surgery. Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for gastric cancer has not yet been established, but once a strong consensus is reached we will be able to perform the laparoscopic gastrectomy safely.

Gastrectomy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical usefulness of intraoperative sentinel-node biopsy in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Minimally invasive surgery has been used to improve the quality of life after operation in patients with gastric cancer. Sentinel-lymphnode biopsy can help to limit the extent of lymph node dissection, but the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of this technique has not been accurately evaluated in gastric cancer. This study was designed to clarify the role of intraoperative sentinel-node biopsy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY: We were conducted to evaluate 1) mapping sentinel nodes according to tumor location 2) comparison sentinel node metastases as assessed by frozen section, permanent section (HE stain) and immunohistochemical diagnoses, and 3) comparison non-sentinel node metastases as assessed by permanent section (HE stain) and immunohistochemical diagnosis. RESULTS: All sentinel nodes were identified in the regional perigastric lymph node group close to the tumor. Four of the 43 sentinel lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. Similar diagnostic results were obtained by the 3 different procedures. Lymph node metastasis was found in 10 (4 sentinel nodes and 6 non-sentinel nodes) of 779 lymph nodes (1.28%) on HE staining. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a similar number of positive sentinel nodes as that obtained on HE staining, but identified metastases in 15 in non-sentinel nodes in 2 patients, as compared with only 6 nodes on HE staining. In one patient, sentinel nodes at No. 1 and No. 3 were negative for metastasis, whereas non-sentinel lymph nodes at NO. 3 were positive for metastasis. The other patient had negative sentinel nodes at No. 3 and No. 4d, but positive non-sentinel nodes at No. 4d. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this small study do not yet provide a firm basis for recommending that sentinel-node biopsy is used to reduce the extent of lymph node dissection.

Frozen Sections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

How to eradicate Helicobacter pylori using amoxicillin and omeprazole in the remnant stomach.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We previously investigated the effects of amoxicillin/omeprazole combined therapy on patients who were Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) positive after gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer, and we determined the difference in amoxicillin dosage between the therapeutic successes and failures. In the present study, assuming that amoxicillin dosage should be determined on the basis of body weight of each patient, we examined whether the eradication of H. pylori would be improved by using this novel dose-selection method. METHODOLOGY: We have previously reported about eradication of H. pylori of remnant stomach as follows. Patients who underwent gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer were enrolled if H. pylori was detected in their remnant stomach after the operation. Of these patients, 22 were treated with amoxicillin at 750 mg/day for 2 weeks and omeprazole at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. For the evaluation of H. pylori eradication, endoscopic examination and 13C-urea breath test were performed 12 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. The amoxicillin dosage in the therapeutic successes was compared with that in the therapeutic failures, and we found that the dosage was 14.1 +/- 1.5 and 12.5 +/- 1.5 mg/kg/day in the successes and the failures, respectively. Following these results, another 10 H. pylori-positive patients were treated with amoxicillin greater than 16 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks and omeprazole at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks, and H. pylori eradication was evaluated as mentioned above. The efficacy of the drug therapy on H. pylori infection was compared between the two groups that one group (Group A) is treated with amoxicillin 750 mg/day for 2 weeks and omeprazole at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks and the other group (Group B) is treated with 1250 mg/day for 2 weeks and omeprazole at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The eradication rate of H. pylori in Group B (84.6%) was higher than that in Group A (42.1%). There was significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: We assumed that the optimal dosage of amoxicillin was over 15.6 mg/kg/day for omeprazole-amoxicillin combined therapy for gastrectomized patients who were H. pylori positive, and the favorable therapeutic effects could be obtained by applying this amoxicillin dosage to the eradication of H. pylori.

Amoxicillin↗