Biomedical subjects

Manoj Patel

Publications and source records attributed to Manoj Patel.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Short-term emissions of ammonia and carbon dioxide from cattle urine contaminated tropical grassland microcosm.

The study was designed to understand the emissions of ammonia (NH(3)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from a single cattle urination event on a tropical grassland and underline the significance of the emissions in the context of huge animal population grazing on large pasture areas in some countries. Emissions of ammonia (NH(3)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were monitored for three weeks from a tropical grassland (dominated by Cynodon dactylon Pers.) microcosm contaminated with cow and buffalo urine. The grassland microcosms were treated with urine (50 and 100 ml of each) only once and irrigated with water once every week. Ammonia was sampled by an automatic sampling system comprising of a vacuum pump, three-way stopcocks and rubber tubing and an impinger containing suitable absorbing solution (H(2)SO(4)), connected to the tubing suitably. The sampled gas, after sucked by the vacuum pump and absorbed in H(2)SO(4), was allowed to enter the closed microcosm again maintaining internal pressure of the microcosm. Carbon dioxide was sampled by absorption in an alkali (NaOH) trap inside the microcosm. Both NH(3) and CO(2) emissions were highly variable temporally and there was no continuous increasing or decreasing emission trend with time. Respectively, 45 and 46% of total NH(3)-N were emitted within first 48 h from 50 and 100 ml cow urine application while the corresponding values for buffalo urine were 34 and 32%. Total NH(3)-N emissions, integrated for sampling days (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 15, 18 and 21st) were 11 and 6% in cow and 8 and 5% in buffalo urine, of the total-N added through 50 and 100 ml urine samples. Carbon dioxide emissions were standardized at 25 degrees C by using a suitable formula which were lower than actual emissions at actual soil temperature (> 25 degrees C). Carbon dioxide emission rates were classified on the basis of soil repiratory classification and classes ranged from moderately low soil activity up to unusually high soil activity, the latter observed only on very few sampling days. Grasses in the microcosm had shown appreciable growth after urine application. Although variable and somewhat unpredictable, emissions were appreciable and that too only from a patch of single urination, indicating to the huge magnitude of total emissions under the scenario of thousands of cattle grazing on hundreds of acres of grasslands in a tropical country.

Air↗

PubMed2005

Blastocyst implantation failure in mice due to "nonreceptive endometrium": endometrial alterations by Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract.

Many plants are known to possess antifertility activity. However, limited attempts have been made to scientifically evaluate these claims. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers have been shown to possess antifertility and abortifacient activity. In this report, antiimplantation activity of water extract of leaves of H. rosa-sinensis was investigated. Pregnant female mice were dosed with extract (100 mg/kg body weight) from days 1 to 6 of pregnancy. No implantation sites were observed in treated animals when they were surgically opened on day 15 of pregnancy. Biochemical and biophysical alterations were observed in the endometrium in treated animals, especially on day 5, at 4:40 a.m., the day of implantation. A sharp increase in superoxide anion radical and a sharp fall in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as seen in the endometrium from control animals, were altered in treated animals. The extract also exhibited antiestrogenic activity, as judged by increase in uterine weight. The physiological alterations induced by water extract of H. rosa-sinensis are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Olanzapine induced thrombocythemia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Olanzapine was administered orally (20 mg/kg/day) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups of six animals each. Four groups of animals received olanzapine for 7, 14, 21 and 48 days. There were no significant changes in hematological, clinical biochemistry parameters and superoxide dismutase activity in pancreas, liver and brain of all the groups. No significant changes in malonaldehyde levels were observed in liver and brain of all the groups. A significant increase in malonaldehyde levels in pancreas were observed in all the treatment groups; however, no increase in serum glucose levels were seen in these animals. A significant increase in platelet numbers in the treatment groups poses a serious threat regarding long-term use of olanzapine.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed2003

Novel drug designing approach for dual inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents: implication of pyridine template.

Compounds incorporating thiophene moiety, a pi excess five membered heterocycle, have attracted a great deal of research interest, owing to the therapeutic utility of the template as useful drug molecular scaffolding. We report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of thiophenes substituted with 4-methanesulfonyl benzoyl moiety at the fifth position of the ring, as possible anti-inflammatory lead candidates. The aryl sulfonyl methyl thiophene analogs AP29, AP82, and AP37, when screened for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin induced rat paw edema, an acute in vivo model, exhibited moderate to good activity at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight P.o compared to Ibuprofen. In a five day formalin induced rat paw edema, a chronic in vivo anti-inflammatory model, candidates AP29, AP82, and AP37 inhibited the disease progression by 53%, 34%, and 65%, respectively on the fifth day, at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight P.o compared to Rofecoxib, Ibuprofen, and Dexamethasone at therapeutic doses which gave a protection of 53.8%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. The replacement of the 4-methanesulfonyl benzoyl moiety in AP82 with the pyridine template, 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-2-pyridyl function, gave rise to AP84, which was less active in the acute model, but gave 54% and 75% protection both during the first day and fifth day, respectively, in the chronic model. A dual mechanism of action is proposed for AP84, a non-steroidal drug which has exhibited remarkable activity when compared to the steroid dexamethasone. These results open up new avenues in designing novel anti-inflammatory drugs as dual inhibitors with the incorporation of a pyridine template as part of the pharmacophore.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

A novel model of pneumonia from intraperitoneal injection of bacteria.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains a major clinical problem in the surgical patient. Experimental modeling by intratracheal injection of bacteria is not consistently reproducible. In an attempt to produce peritonitis by Klebsiella, we found evidence of pneumonia on autopsy and further developed this approach as a new experimental model. METHODS: Male Swiss Webster mice were given intraperitoneal (IP) injections of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 2 in different doses and this was compared with similar doses given intravenously (IV). A dose dependent survival curve was generated. Subsequently, 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria were used in further experiments. Blood, peritoneal fluid and lung tissue were collected at time points up to 72 hours after injection and were cultured for levels of bacteria. Lung weights and myeloperoxidase levels were also measured. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of Klebsiella was uniformly lethal with as few as 10(2) bacteria. Lung weight increased after IP Klebsiella, and all animals became bacteremic within 24 hours correlating with high bacterial levels in the lung. Conversely, most animals (72%) survived IV injection of bacteria, and were able to clear bacteria from the blood and lung. CONCLUSIONS: We found that this model produced no clinically apparent peritonitis after 48 hours, but uniformly resulted in histopathologic changes of pneumonia by 24 hours. Survival time was related to initial dose of Klebsiella and there was a linear correlation between bacterial levels in the blood and lung. This model is reproducible, simple to perform, and the severity is easy to manipulate.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The renal length nomogram: multivariable approach.

PURPOSE: We built a multivariate renal length nomogram based on ultrasound measurements in pediatric patients with normal renal anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Included in the study were 707 children 1 week to 18 years old without vesicoureteral reflux, urinary obstruction or other known anatomical anomalies. Renal length was compared among subgroups of children. Multivariate regression approach was used to model renal length, incorporating important demographic variables. RESULTS: Subgroup comparisons of renal lengths showed diverse patterns of renal length differences in children with various demographic characteristics. In addition to age, factors significant in the multivariate nomogram model of renal length included gender, race, weight and height. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that renal length is not only age dependent, but also significantly correlates with other important demographic variables. Variability in renal length can be better described by multivariate analysis. The multivariate approach provides clinically useful information regarding renal outcomes in individuals. The ability to compare renal length among patient subgroups receiving different interventions adds additional usefulness to this approach.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Sperm membrane modulation by Sapindus mukorossi during sperm maturation.

AIM: To observe the alterations in the biochemical and biophysical changes in the sperm membrane during sperm maturation in male rats treated with the water extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged the aqueous extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d for 45 days. On day 46, the sperm parameters were observed in different sections of the epididymis and the sperm superoxide dismutase and the lipid peroxidation was determined and compared with the controls. The testis and epididymis were routinely prepared for histological examination under the light microscope. RESULTS: No significant differences in the sperm number and morphology were observed between the control and treated groups. However, a significant inhibition (P<0.05-0.01) of sperm motility in the caput, corpus and cauda regions of the epididymis was seen in the treated group. No significant histopathological changes were found in the testis and epididymis. The important finding was that in the treated animals, the spermatozoa showed an abnormal distribution of the superoxide dismutase activity, being minimum in the caput and maximum in the corpus, which was just opposite to that of the controls. CONCLUSION: The study provides a unique observation where the plant extract alters the sperm membrane physiology without change the testicular and epididymal morphology.

Animals↗