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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Biomedical subjects
Manoj Sharma
Publications and source records attributed to Manoj Sharma.
Protective effect of ethanolic and water extracts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against the toxic effects of mustard gas.
Ethanolic extract of H. rhamnoides L. leaf (HL-EOH), water and ethanolic extract of H. rhamnoides fruit (HF-W and HF-EOH), and H. rhamnoides flavone from fruit (HR-flavone) were evaluated against percutaneously administered sulphur mustard (SM), a chemical warfare agent. The animals administered with SM (9.7, 19.3 and 38.7 mg/kg) died at various days depending upon the dose and there was a significant reduction in the body weight. The H. rhamnoides extracts (1 g/kg; 3 doses; po) significantly protected the lethality, with a protective index of 2.4, 1.7, 1.7 and 2.2 for HL-EOH, HF-W, HF-EOH and HR-flavone respectively. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutalthione (GSSG) levels were reduced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was elevated after percutaneous administration of SM. Oral administration of HL-EOH and HR-flavone significantly protected the body weight loss. Recovery in the levels of GSH, GSSG and MDA were also observed following oral administration of HL-EOH and HR-flavone. All the extracts were non-toxic and the LD50 was more than 5 g/kg. The present study shows that percutaneous administration of SM induces oxidative stress and ethanolic extract of leaf of H. rhamnoides and H. rhamnoides flavone from fruit can significantly protect it.
Animals↗
Performance standards for continuous glucose monitors.
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Blood Glucose↗
Viable methods for evaluation of community-based rehabilitation programmes.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to discuss some viable and practically feasible methods for evaluation of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programmes in developing country settings. METHOD: Based on review of literature the role of qualitative approaches for evaluation of CBR programmes are analysed. RESULTS: Aspects of the qualitative paradigm are discussed. The specific qualitative methods of case studies, focus groups, nominal groups, participatory techniques, content analysis, and key informant interviews are deliberated. CONCLUSIONS: Viable alternatives to the qualitative paradigm offer promise in evaluation of CBR programmes. Issues in qualitative designing, sampling, data collection, analysis, and interpretation are discussed. The classical, quantitative paradigm needs to be complemented with viable qualitative methods for evaluation of CBR programmes.
Community Health Services↗
Association of outdoor air pollution with chronic respiratory morbidity in an industrial town in northern India.
A cross-sectional study was performed in one industrial (study) and one non-industrial (reference) town in Punjab State, northern India. Ambient air quality samples were collected and analyzed each week for 2 yr. Subjects were 3,603 individuals >15 yr old who were interviewed and whose lung functions were measured spirometrically. Their biomarkers were categorized in terms of obstructive or restrictive defects. Levels of total suspended particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and ozone were significantly higher in the study town than in the reference town. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, breathlessness, or wheezing) was 27.9 and 20.3% in the study and reference towns, respectively (p < 0.05). That of obstructive ventilatory defect was 24.9 and 11.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that residence in the study town was independently associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.8; p < 0.001) and spirometric ventilatory defect (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.0, 2.9; p < 0.001) after controlling for other demographic effects.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy & tolerability of ondansetron compared to metoclopramide in dose dependent cisplatin-induced delayed emesis.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Delayed emesis with cisplatin is a significant problem, which is often poorly controlled with conventional antiemetics. There is a relative paucity of data on the control of delayed emesis and rather inconsistent results have been reported. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of ondansetron versus metoclopramide in dose related grades of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. METHODS: A total of 80 chemotherapy naive patients with malignancy were randomized to receive cisplatin 60 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) either as a single dose on day 1 (high dose regimen) or split into three doses of 20 mg/m2 each on 3 days (low dose regimen) along with bleomycin +5- fluorouracil in 40 patients each. Patients were further randomized in each cisplatin regimen to receive either 20 mg metoclopramide (20 patients) or 8 mg ondansetron (20 patients) iv 30 min prior to cisplatin administration followed by the respective antiemetic orally 8 hourly for five days after the last cisplatin administration. Ten patients receiving high dose cisplatin in each group were also given dexamethasone 8 mg iv with the primary antiemetic. The assessment period started 24 h after last cisplatin infusion and ended at midnight on day 5. RESULTS: In low dose cisplatin regimen, complete suppression of delayed emesis occurred in 55 per cent patients receiving ondansetron and in 30 per cent patients receiving metoclopramide. Neither ondansetron nor metoclopramide could completely suppress delayed emesis in high dose cisplatin regimen. Protection from nausea in the delayed phase was seen in 85 per cent patients receiving ondansetron and in 70 per cent patients receiving metoclopramide in low dose regimen, while nausea protection rates were 70 vs 0 per cent respectively in the high dose regimen. Addition of dexamethasone to metoclopramide significantly augmented its antiemetic efficacy (P<0.02) and the combination of metoclopramide + dexamethasone was found to be as efficacious as ondansetron monotherapy. Twenty out of 80 patients reported 39 adverse events of mild intensity. No significant effects on QOL (quality of life) parameters were observed in any group over the 5-day period. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that delayed emesis due to cisplatin is also dose related, and superior antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron compared to metoclopramide is maintained, though its superiority is less marked than against acute emesis. Metoclopramide and dexamethasone combination matched the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron monotherapy.
Adult↗
Comparison of ondansetron with metoclopramide in prevention of acute emesis associated with low dose & high dose cisplatin chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Nausea and vomiting remain the most distressing side effects of cancer chemotherapy. The present study aimed to study the efficacy and tolerability of ondansetron versus (vs) metoclopramide in different dose related grades of cisplatin induced acute emesis. METHODS: A total of 137 patients were enrolled and 80 completed the study. Cisplatin 60 mg/m2 was given intravenously (iv) either as a single dose on day 1 (high dose regimen) or in three doses of 20 mg/m2 each on days 1-3 (low dose regimen) along with bleomycin +5-flurouracil in 40 patients each. Patients were randomized in each cisplatin regimen to receive either 20 mg metoclopramide (20 patients) or 8 mg ondansetron (20 patients) iv 30 min prior to cisplatin administration followed by 20 mg metoclopramide or 8 mg ondansetron orally 8 h respectively for 24 h after the last cisplatin administration. Ten patients receiving high dose cisplatin in each group were also given dexamethasone 8 mg iv with the primary antiemetic. Patients were assessed for 24 h after the last cisplatin injection. RESULTS: In low dose cisplatin regimen, complete suppression of acute emesis occurred in 65 per cent patients receiving ondansetron versus 30 per cent receiving metoclopramide, while in high dose regimen, complete response rate was 20 per cent with ondansetron versus 0 per cent with metoclopramide. Dexamethasone significantly augmented the antiemetic efficacy of metoclopramide but not that of ondansetron. Protection from nausea in the acute phase was seen in 95 per cent patients receiving ondansetron vs 70 per cent receiving metoclopramide in low dose regimen. With high dose the protection rates were 90 vs 0 per cent respectively. Combination of dexamethasone + metoclopramide achieved 70 per cent protection while dexamethasone + ondansetron was effective in 90 per cent. Dropouts and withdrawals were more among patients receiving high dose cisplatin and antiemetic regimens without dexamethasone. Thirty nine adverse events were reported by 20 out of 80 patients. All adverse events were mild. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate dose related emetogenicity of cisplatin and superior antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron, especially against high dose cisplatin regimen. Dexamethasone potentiated efficacy of metoclopramide but not that of ondansetron. The combination of metoclopramide plus dexamethasone was found to be as efficacious as ondansetron monotherapy.
Adult↗
Development and expert evaluation of "Moms on the Move," a physical activity intervention for WIC mothers. Women, Infants, and Children.
The purpose of this descriptive study was to develop and evaluate "Moms on the Move," a provider-counseled physical activity intervention for mothers enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. The intervention was based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change. The evaluation occurred in two stages. In the first stage, physical activity behavioral experts (n=4) evaluated the: (a) rationale for intervention components; (b) linkages between behavior change constructs, intervention activities, and study outcomes; (c) literature support for the TTM behavior change constructs; and (d) the intervention brochure. The expert evaluation tool was adapted from the "Educational Materials Review Form." Each item in the expert evaluation met the <or= 3.0 mean criterion for acceptability (range, 1.33-2.67). Revisions were made based on expert comments before stage 2. In the second stage, WIC mothers (n=5) evaluated the intervention brochure. The 9-item WIC mothers' evaluation tool was adapted from a simple tool for community members. In the second stage evaluation, the mean total score for the intervention brochure evaluation was 44.0 (SD=1.22), which met the a priori criterion to retain as is. Mean item responses ranged from 4.8 to 5.0 (5.0=great). This evaluation indicates that "Moms on the Move" is a promising physical activity intervention for WIC mothers, which should be implemented for efficacy testing.
Adult↗
Predictors of leisure-time physical activity among African American women.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the extent to which social support and self-efficacy were related to the duration of leisure-time physical activity in a sample of African American women. METHODS: Two hundred forty African American women completed a 45-item questionnaire at community health centers and churches. RESULTS: Mean weekly physical activity was found to be 88 minutes. Self-efficacy (P < or = 0.01) and frequency of social support from friends (P < or = 0.01) were found to be significant predictors for physical activity and accounted for 23.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity interventions for Black women must build on the constructs of self-efficacy and friends' social support.
Adolescent↗