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Manuel J Castillo

Publications and source records attributed to Manuel J Castillo.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Moderate alcohol intake and heart rate variability adaptations to high-intensity interval training in healthy young adults: the BEER-HIIT study.

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether daily alcohol consumption influences training effects on heart rate variability (HRV). This study investigated: (i) the effects of a 10-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on HRV in healthy young adults; and (ii) the effects of daily alcohol consumption on HRV responses to exercise. METHODS: 71 healthy young adults (18-40 years old; 52.1% women) participated in the BEER-HIIT study. We conducted a 10-week (2 days/week) controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03660579). Participants were allocated to 5 groups: a non-training group (N-T) and four HIIT groups. Participants in the training groups chose whether to consume alcohol. Those choosing alcohol were randomly allocated to receive beer (5.4%; T-Beer) or an equivalent amount of alcohol (vodka; T-Ethanol) in sparkling water. Those choosing no alcohol were randomly allocated to receive alcohol-free beer (0.0%; T-Zero) or sparkling water (T-Water). Training comprised eight weight-bearing exercises performed in circuit form. HRV was measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: No statistically significant between-group differences in HRV outcomes were detected after the intervention (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that: (i) no statistically significant differences in HRV responses were detected following a 10-week HIIT program using weight-bearing exercises performed twice per week; and (ii) no statistically significant differences in HRV responses were observed among the assigned beverage intervention groups. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because HRV was a secondary outcome and the study was not specifically powered to detect differences in these parameters.

alcohol↗
PubMed2006

Anthropometric determinants of a clustering of lipid-related metabolic risk factors in overweight and non-overweight adolescents--influence of cardiorespiratory fitness. The Avena study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To explore in adolescents the associations between simple anthropometric variables with a continuously distributed summary score for lipid-related metabolic risk in both overweight and non-overweight adolescents, and to test whether these associations are modified by the level of cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences, and a continuously distributed clustering of lipid- related metabolic risk (calculated from LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) were measured in 524 adolescents (265 males, 259 females, 15.3 +/- 1.4 years) from the cross-sectional multicentric AVENA study. Participants were classified as overweight (including obesity) or non-overweight. RESULTS: Most anthropometric parameters were univariately related to the continuous lipid-related metabolic risk. However, after multicollinear analysis and generalized linear modelling, suprailiac skinfold thickness in males (p < 0.001, explained variance 12.2%) and waist-to-height ratio in females (p < 0.001, explained variance 10.0%) were the best determinants of the continuous metabolic risk score, after adjustment for age, sexual maturation, and economic status. These associations were slightly weakened in overweight males (p = 0.034) and females (p = 0.087), and did not interact with cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSION: Our data emphasize the usefulness of suprailiac skinfold thickness in males and waist-to-height ratio in females as simple anthropometric measurements associated to an overall lipid-related metabolic risk, mainly in non-overweight adolescents and regardless their cardiorespiratory status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Aerobic physical fitness in relation to blood lipids and fasting glycaemia in adolescents: influence of weight status.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We explored the associations between aerobic physical fitness with blood lipids and a composite index of blood lipids and fasting glycaemia in adolescents, analysing possible interactions with weight status. METHODS AND RESULTS: Body mass index and aerobic physical fitness was measured in 2090 adolescents (1034 males and 1056 females) 13-18.5 years by using the 20-m shuttle run test. Plasma glucose, total, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B-100 and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were measured in 460 of the 2090 subjects. After adjustment for confounding factors, a continuously distributed summary score for blood lipids and fasting glycaemia was significantly related to aerobic fitness in males (P=0.018) and females (P=0.045, from the 2nd to the 4th quartile of aerobic fitness). After adjustment for gender, age, sexual maturation and economic status, aerobic fitness was related to the composite index of blood lipids and glycaemia in both overweight and non-overweight adolescents (P< 0.05). However, for the same level of aerobic fitness, the composite index of blood lipids and glycaemia was significantly higher in overweight adolescents (P=0.001). After setting the minimal aerobic fitness standards to present a healthy lipid profile, about 50% of males did not reach such values. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that both aerobic fitness and weight management are associated with a composite index of blood lipids and glycaemia in adolescents. Our study also provides the minimal levels of aerobic physical fitness associated with a favourable lipid profile in male adolescents, a new tool which should be adopted by schools as "aerobic fitness standards".

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers.

PURPOSE: To determine if there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum handgrip strength in male and female teenagers, and if the optimal grip span was related to hand span. If they are related then the second aim was to derive a mathematic equation relating hand span and optimal grip span. METHODS: One hundred healthy teenage boys (15.1 +/- 1.1 y) and 106 girls (15.4 +/- 1.3 y) were evaluated (age range, 13-18 y). Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans, allowing a 1-minute rest between attempts. The hand span was measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the small finger with the hand opened as wide as possible. RESULTS: The results showed that an optimal grip span to determine the maximum handgrip strength was identified for both genders, and the optimal grip span and hand span correlated in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is an optimal grip span to which the dynamometer should be adjusted when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers. The optimal grip span was influenced by hand span in both genders. For males the optimal grip span can be derived from the equation y = x/7.2 + 3.1 cm, and for females from the equation y = x/4 + 1.1 cm. where y is the optimal grip span and x is the hand-span. These equations may improve the reliability and accuracy of the results and may guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the optimal grip span on the hand dynamometer when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Low level of physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Relevance for future cardiovascular health (AVENA study)].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have demonstrated that physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is related to cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Current data on the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents are not available. Therefore, the aims of this study were: a) to assess the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents and establish reference values for use in health and educational settings as indicators of cardiovascular health, and b) to determine the percentage of Spanish adolescents below the minimum level of aerobic fitness needed to guarantee future cardiovascular health. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The modified EUROFIT battery of tests was used to assess physical fitness in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents (n=2859; 1357 boys and 1502 girls) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes) study. RESULTS: Standard parameters for the physical condition of Spanish adolescents are reported in this study. The 5th percentile for maximum aerobic capacity (Course Navette test) ranged from 2.0-3.3 palier in boys and from 1.4-1.9 palier in girls. The findings indicate that, on the basis of aerobic fitness, approximately 20% of Spanish adolescents have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. This subgroup also performed poorly in all other tests of physical fitness used. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported in this study enable the level of physical fitness in adolescents to be interpreted as an indicator of future cardiovascular health. They also indicate that the physical fitness of Spanish adolescents must be improved to help protect against cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Sports requiring stressful physical exertion cause abnormalities in plasma lipid profile].

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of different types of sports on plasma lipid profile. Subjects and method. Fasting plasma levels of total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (TC, LDLc, HDLc), triglycerides, phospholipids, apo A-I, apo B-100, and Lp(a) were measured in 28 swimmers, 17 volleyball players and 23 soccer players, and in a control group. All subjects participated in official national competitions except the control group. The results were compared to those in a control group of 26 healthy sedentary subjects. All groups were matched according to age, body mass index and nutritional status. Cutoff points to classify subjects with high plasma concentrations of Lp(a) and LDLc were 32 mg/dL and 128 mg/dL, respectively. For other variables the cutoff points were the third quartile values recorded in the control group, except for apo A-I and HDLc, for which we used the first quartile values. RESULTS: Persons who practice sports involving a high level of physical exertion (volleyball and soccer players) had a less favorable lipid profile compared to control subjects. In contrast, swimmers had a more favorable lipid profile. The odds ratio for lipid profile anomalies was significantly higher in volleyball and soccer players, and lower in swimmers. In the former two groups we observed a clear tendency toward simultaneous elevations in LDLc, apo B-100 and Lp(a). In contrast, the opposite interaction was seen in swimmers, who had lower values for all lipids. CONCLUSION: Our results show that stressful physical exertion can lead to abnormalities in plasma lipid profile.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Folate revisited].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed2002

Hand size influences optimal grip span in women but not in men.

This study investigates which position (grip span) on the standard grip dynamometer results in maximum grip strength. Our null hypotheses included (1) no optimal grip span exists for measuring grip strength and (2) optimal grip span is unrelated to hand size. We also intended to derive a simple mathematical algorithm to adapt grip span to hand size. Seventy healthy subjects (40 women/30 men; mean age, 40 years; range; 20-80 years) free of upper-limb lesions were evaluated. Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans. Our findings showed that (1) optimal grip span was identified for both genders and (2) hand size and optimal grip span correlated in women but not in men. When measuring handgrip strength in women, hand size must be taken into consideration. We provide a mathematical equation (y = x/5 + 1.5 cm) to adapt optimal grip span (y) to hand size (x) in women. In adult men, optimal grip span can be set at a fixed value (5.5 cm).

Adult↗