Biomedical subjects

Margarita Levario-Carrillo

Publications and source records attributed to Margarita Levario-Carrillo.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Body composition of patients with hypertensive complications during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the body composition of women with the diagnoses of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, including four groups of patients who were in the third trimester: those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 110), those with a diagnosis of gestational hypertension (n = 38), those with mild preeclampsia (n = 8), and those with severe preeclampsia (n = 11). Their fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body water were estimated by bioelectric impedance. RESULTS: The fat mass was 20 +/- 7 kg in the control group and 26 +/- 13 kg in the group with gestational hypertension (p < 0.05). The total body water was 36 +/- 6 L in the control group, 50 +/- 10 L in the patients with gestational hypertension, 52 +/- 10 L in those with mild preeclampsia, and 48 +/- 9 L in those with severe preeclampsia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that maternal body composition shows significant differences in patients with hypertensive complications during pregnancy. These data may be related to a possible inadequate distribution of the volume of water as a result of alterations in capillary permeability.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Relation between maternal body composition and birth weight.

In order to establish the relationship between maternal body composition indicators (fat-free mass, fat mass, total body water) and birth weight, a cross-sectional study was designed, based on 196 pairs of mothers and live singleton newborns with gestational age of 37 weeks or more. Immediately after delivery, the mothers were interviewed to obtain information about different birth weight predictors. An analysis of maternal body composition through bioelectric impedance was held. Multiple linear regression was used to measure the effect of each variable on birth weight. The birth weight mean was 3,251 +/- 514 g. Maternal height was 160.44 +/- 6.3 cm, total net weight gain was 5.85 +/- 5.15 kg, fat mass consisted of 15.84 +/- 6.72 kg, and fat-free mass was 50.42 +/- 7.65 kg; total body water was 34.82 +/- 5.61 liters. The model which included total body water and all predictors found to be associated with birth weight in the bivariate analysis (maternal age, gestational age, gender, placenta weight, and placenta weight squared) was found to be the best in explaining the variability of birth weight (R(2) = 45.26%). Fat mass was an important predictor only in the subgroup of women within the low tertile of body mass index. In conclusion, fat-free mass and total body water explained a major proportion of the variability of birth weight in comparison with the mother's weight gain during the pregnancy period, which has already been considered an important predictor of birth weight.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Relation between pesticide exposure and intrauterine growth retardation.

The increased use of organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture and their widespread existence in the environment poses a potential health hazard. To determine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), live newborns from singleton pregnancies, with (n = 79) and without (n = 292) IUGR were studied. During the gestational period the mothers were living in agricultural communities in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Exposure to agrochemical products was evaluated. A significant association between the history of positive exposure to pesticides (i.e. the women themselves or their newborns who showed acetylcholinesterase activity levels lower than 20%) and the presence of IUGR was found. The proportions of exposure in the cases were 18% and 8% in the control group; the adjusted OR (fat free mass, anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies and placental weight) was 2.33 (p = 0.04).

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed2004

Placental morphology of rats prenatally exposed to methyl parathion.

Although prenatal exposure to pesticides has been associated with numerous adverse reproductive effects, data on the effects of such toxics in the placenta is limited. Thus, the present study was carried out to determine the morphology of the rat placenta exposed to the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion (MP) in ad libitum fed and restricted diet animals. The pregnant females were randomly divided into control groups and experimental groups, the latter of which received MP at the doses of 0.0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg. Most cells in the maternal-fetal interface showed significant alterations in the presence of MP. Trophoblast giant cells exhibited either prominent characteristics of degeneration or normal morphology with many phagosome vacuoles, apparently containing cell debris. Vascular congestion was also more frequent in the labyrinth of the treated animals. Areas of fibrosis and hemorrhage were found in the decidua, as well as decidual cells presenting pyknotic nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm. In the placentas of females treated with both restricted diet and MP, such changes were much more severe. Together, these alterations suggest a direct, toxic effect of MP on the placental cells. The phagocytic activity exhibited by trophoblast cells, may be playing a role in the removal of death cells from the maternal-placental interface and/or in a compensatory mechanism to maintain the uptake of maternal nutrients, following decreased metabolic exchange functions of the labyrinth due to the toxic effect of the MP.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

[Effects of iron-deficiency anemia on placenta and birth weight].

OBJECTIVE: To determine placenta alterations in iron deficiency anemia cases and the effect of this condition on birthweight. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty three women with term-pregnancy and their newborns were included. Patients with iron deficiency anemia were those with an hemoglobin of less than 11.0 g/dL and serum ferritin below 12 micrograms/L. Outcome variables were: placenta weight, placenta weight/newborn weight ratio, macroscopic and microscopic alterations on placenta, weight and height of the newborn. RESULTS: The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was determined in 26 patients, 17%. The placenta weight in the group of women with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was 558 +/- 105 g and in the group of women without this diagnosis 527 +/- 107 g (p = 0.18). Placenta weight/newborn weight ratio was higher in the anemia group patients (p = 0.04). The most frequent microscopic lesions observed were intervillous thrombosis, infarcts and fibrosis. The birthweight and length of newborn was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: A trend towards an increase in placenta weight and in the placenta weight/newborn weight ratio in patients fulfilling the anemia criteria was observed, but a significant effect on the weight and height of the newborn was not determined, suggesting that the changes present in the placenta would be enough to ensure a fetal growth.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Beliefs and knowledge of a group of doctors about the nutritional management of the child with acute diarrhea].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the beliefs and knowledge of a group of rural physicians on the dietary management of children under five years of age, with acute diarrhea. Physicians' dietary management was compared with that recommended by the World Health Organization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cognitive anthropology study was carried out from July to December 1998, on ten physicians that care for the infant population ascribed to Hospital Rural IMSS-Solidaridad of San Juanito Bocoyna, Chihuahua, Mexico. Data were collected through focus groups, case vignettes, free listing, pile sorting, and a semi-structured questionnaire, and then cross-referred. RESULTS: The physicians recognized the negative impact of diarrhea on the nutritional state of the child, but not all of them evaluated this state. Prevailing interventions were antibiotic therapy, fluid management, and feeding recommendations. Among the latter, the most consistent were breastfeeding, delayed feeding, and gradual feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained information is in conflict with WHO's recommendations, specially with that of sustained feeding. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Acute Disease↗