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Maria Papadaki

Publications and source records attributed to Maria Papadaki.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Isothermal calorimetry: impact of measurements error on heat of reaction and kinetic calculations.

Heat flow and power compensation calorimetry measures the power generation of a reaction via an energy balance over an appropriately designed isothermal reactor. However, the measurement of the power generated by a reaction is a relative measurement, and calibrations are used to eliminate the contribution of a number of unknown factors. In this work the effect of the error in the measurement of temperature of electric power used in the calibrations and the heat transfer coefficient and baseline is assessed. It has been shown that the error in all aforementioned quantities reflects on the baseline and it can have a very serious impact on the accuracy of the measurement. The influence of the fluctuation of ambient temperature has been evaluated and a means of a correction that reduces its impact has been implemented. The temperature of dosed material is affected by the heat loses if reaction is performed at high temperature and low dosing rate. An experimental methodology is presented that can provide means of assessment of the actual temperature of the dosed material. Depending on the reacting system, the heat of evaporation could be included in the baseline, especially if non-condensable gases are produced during the course of the reaction.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

The engineering of craniofacial tissues in the laboratory: a review of biomaterials for scaffolds and implant coatings.

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interactions between cells, growth factors, and scaffolds to produce replacement tissue and organs. Recent developments in tissue engineering technology include refinements in isolation and differentiation of progenitor cells, 3-D printing technology to produce scaffolds, new biomaterials for scaffolds, and growth factor delivery systems. The purpose of this article is to review advances in biomaterials, scaffolds, and implant coatings for craniomaxillofacial (bone) tissue engineering.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Global kinetic model: a case study on the N-oxidation of alkylpyridines.

The homogeneous catalytic N-oxidation of two picolines and two lutidines by hydrogen peroxide has been studied calorimetrically using a heat flow and power compensation SIMULAR reaction calorimeter. The objective of this work was to extend a previously developed kinetic model [J. Sempere, R. Nomen, J.L. Rodriguez, M. Papadaki, Modelling of the reaction of 2-methylpyridine using hydrogen peroxide and a complex metal catalyst, Chem. Eng. Process. 37 (1998) 33-46] for 2-methylpyridine to more reactions in the same family. The kinetic model is in good agreement with our experimental data on beta-picoline. 3,5-Lutidine is in adequately good agreement with the model. However, the formation of two phases during the course of the reaction imposes the need for modifications to allow for mass transfer considerations. The N-oxidation of 2,6-lutidine is controlled by the addition or availability of hydrogen peroxide. A different reactor design is necessary for operation at the kinetic regime. High temperatures and catalyst concentrations enhance the selectivity towards N-oxidation of all alkylpyridines studied. The power evolution of all reactions has similar profiles thus indicating that similar kinetics are followed. The study of the N-oxidation of this family of compounds indicates that it is possible to design a process where hydrogen peroxide decomposition can be practically totally suppressed.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed2005

Effects of heating rate, temperature and iron catalysis on the thermal behaviour and decomposition of 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride.

Runaway reactions arising from the decomposition of thermally unstable materials are a concern in industry due to the potentially devastating effects that they yield. Studies into the occurrence of thermal runaway incidents have shown the most likely cause to be a result of an inadequate investigation of the process prior to its operation on a large-scale. The chlorination of ortho-nitrated carboxylic acids is an industrially important reaction in the fine and agrochemical industries. The products of these reactions, ortho-nitrated acid chlorides, have been involved in runaway incidents that have resulted in violent explosions; hence, their thermal stability must be studied. Previous studies [S.D. Lever, M. Papadaki, Study of condition-dependent decomposition reactions: the thermal behaviour and decomposition of 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride, Part I, J. Hazard. Mater. 115 (2004) 91-100] showed that the decomposition of the parent molecule, 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride, is highly condition-dependent with the sample heating rate and temperature of decomposition playing a preponderant role in the course of the decomposition. Here, we present the results of studies of the decomposition of 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride, when the sample is subjected to various heating treatments, temperatures and in the presence of iron. As the temperature of decomposition was increased from 150 to 162 degrees C, the heat of decomposition was reduced from -215 to -90 kJ/mol. As the heat up rate applied in bringing the sample to the decomposition temperature increased, the heat of decomposition also increased. An increase in the heat up rate from 2 to 7.5 degrees C/min resulted in an increase in the heat of decomposition from -90 to -215 kJ/mol. The presence of iron and silver was observed to lower the heat of decomposition from -185 to -160 and -110 kJ/mol, respectively. Under most conditions investigated, the temperature at which gas flow was initiated was 147-150 degrees C. The presence of iron reduced this temperature to 140 degrees C. Decomposition was observed to take place over two stages, where the sample was heated directly from 40 degrees C at the required heat up rate. Where the sample was heated in stages and where calibrations had been carried out preceding decomposition, the decomposition took place in one stage alone.

Benzoates↗
PubMed2005

Extent of sonochemical degradation and change of toxicity of a pharmaceutical precursor (triphenylphosphine oxide) in water as a function of treatment conditions.

The degradation of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) in water, a toxic compound typically found in effluents from the pharmaceutical industry, by means of ultrasonic irradiation at 20 kHz has been investigated with emphasis on the effect of various parameters on conversion and acute toxicity. Experiments were carried out at liquid volumes of 50 and 80 ml, electric power outputs of 125, 187.5 and 250 W, initial TPPO concentrations of 10, 100 and 350 mg/L and temperatures of 5, 20, 35, 50 and 70 degrees C. TPPO conversion was found to increase with increasing power output and decreasing initial concentration and temperature. Measurements of dissolved total carbon showed that liquid-phase degradation by-products were more stable to ultrasonic irradiation than TPPO. Addition of t-butanol as a radical scavenger at a concentration of 1000 mg/L nearly completely suppressed TPPO degradation. Conversely, addition of radical promoters (Fe(2+) ions or H(2)O(2)) had a positive effect on degradation. Acute toxicity to marine bacteria vibrio fischeri was measured before and after ultrasonic irradiation. At the conditions employed in this study, irradiated TPPO samples were always more toxic than TPPO itself with toxicity levels being a function of treatment conditions.

Aliivibrio fischeri↗
PubMed2004

Study of condition-dependent decomposition reactions; Part I. The thermal behaviour and decomposition of 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride.

The risks associated with batch processing in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals via highly exothermic reactions are of special interest due to the possibility of runaway reactions. o-Nitrated benzoyl chlorides are intermediates in the production of agrochemicals and are produced via the reaction of o-nitrated carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride in a solvent mixture. ortho-Nitrated acyl chlorides have exploded violently on attempted distillation on numerous occasions. An inadequate investigation of the process prior to large-scale operation is the most likely cause. Here we present preliminary results of studies on the decomposition of 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride. This study has revealed that the decomposition reaction is strongly condition dependent. The heating rate of the sample plays a preponderant role in the course of the decomposition reaction. That renders the interpretation of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or adiabatic calorimetry measurements, which are routinely used to assess the thermochemistry and safety of the large-scale reactions, problematic. Following this on-going study, we report here key features of the system that have been identified.

Benzoates↗
PubMed2003

Cultivation in rotating bioreactors promotes maintenance of cardiac myocyte electrophysiology and molecular properties.

We tested the hypothesis that cardiomyocytes maintained their phenotype better if cultured as three-dimensional tissue constructs than if cultured as confluent monolayers. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on biomaterial scaffolds in rotating bioreactors for 1 week, and resulting tissue constructs were compared with confluent monolayers and slices of native ventricular tissue with respect to proteins involved in cell metabolism (creatine kinase isoform MM), contractile function (sarcomeric myosin heavy chain), and intercellular communication (connexin 43), as well as action potential characteristics (e.g., membrane resting potential, maximum depolarization slope, and action potential duration), and macroscopic electrophysiological properties (maximum capture rate). The molecular and electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes cultured in tissue constructs, although inferior to those of native neonatal ventricles, were superior to those of the same cells cultured as monolayers. Construct levels of creatine kinase, myosin heavy chain, and connexin 43 were 40-60% as high as ventricle levels, whereas monolayer levels of the same proteins were only 11-20% as high. Construct action potential durations were 1.8-fold higher than those in ventricles, whereas monolayer action potential durations were 2.4-fold higher. Pharmacological studies using 4-aminopyridine showed that prolonged action potential duration and reduced maximum capture rate in tissue constructs as compared with native ventricles could be explained by decreased transient outward potassium current.

Action Potentials↗