Biomedical subjects

Marie Pope

Publications and source records attributed to Marie Pope.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Do clinicians understand why individuals stop taking lithium?

BACKGROUND: Previous research highlights that, over a 2-year period, up to 50% of individuals receiving lithium prophylaxis are non-adherent with medication against medical advice. The main reasons identified by clinicians only partially reflect the reasons given by patients. METHODS: Seventy-two subjects who were identified from biochemistry laboratory data as receiving lithium for an affective disorder and who gave written informed consent, completed the 'Reasons for Stopping Medication' questionnaire. Forty-one clinicians involved in treating these 72 patients also completed the same questionnaire. Ratings on the 'Reasons for Stopping Medication' questionnaire were compared between adherent and non-adherent patients and between patients and their clinicians. RESULTS: Adherent (n=39) and previously non-adherent patients (n=33) showed a high level of concordance in their rank ordering of reasons for considering stopping taking lithium (Kendall's W=0.059; P=0.001), with 'bothered by the idea that moods were controlled by medication', 'bothered by the idea of a chronic illness' and 'felt depressed' being the most commonly endorsed items. Clinicians and patients views showed low levels of concordance (Kendall's W=0.019; P=0.32). Clinicians identified 'missing highs', and 'felt well, saw no need to take medication' as the most likely reasons for non-adherence. The differences in the primary reasons for stopping lithium identified by clinicians and patients were statistically significant (chi(2)=61.1; df 40, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Patients' reasons for stopping lithium appear to be influenced by concerns about what having an affective disorder and taking medication says about them. Clinicians are not fully aware of the main reasons patients would stop prophylactic treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Cognitive styles in individuals with bipolar disorders.

BACKGROUND: Published studies of emotional processing and cognitive style in bipolar disorders tend to have small sample sizes or use non-clinical samples. Larger clinically representative studies are needed. METHOD: Self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes and personality style were compared in unipolar (N=16) and bipolar disorder (N=77); and then investigated in the different phases of bipolar disorder (remitted=26; depressed=38; hypomanic=13). One-year outcome was assessed in 36 bipolar subjects. RESULTS: Unipolar subjects and bipolar subjects differed significantly in their mean levels of negative self-esteem (unipolar=15.5; bipolar=12.7; P<0.05). Bipolar subjects with hypomania reported mean levels of dysfunctional beliefs that were higher than individuals in remission but lower than depressed subjects (remitted=136.7; depressed=153.8; hypomanic=144.8; P<0.05). Hypomanic subjects recorded the highest levels of negative as well as positive self-esteem. In the exploratory analysis of outcome, negative self-esteem (Exp [B] 1.91; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.32; P<0.05) was the most robust predictor of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: There are similarities in the cognitive style of individuals with unipolar as compared to bipolar disorders. Cognitive style in hypomania represents a phase between remission and depression rather than the polar opposite of depression. The implications of these findings are considered for psychological and neural network models.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: empirical evidence.

Metacognitive awareness is a cognitive set in which negative thoughts/feelings are experienced as mental events, rather than as the self. The authors hypothesized that (a) reduced metacognitive awareness would be associated with vulnerability to depression and (b) cognitive therapy (CT) and mindfulness-based CT (MBCT) would reduce depressive relapse by increasing metacognitive awareness. They found (a) accessibility of metacognitive sets to depressive cues was less in a vulnerable group (residually depressed patients) than in nondepressed controls; (b) accessibility of metacognitive sets predicted relapse in residually depressed patients; (c) where CT reduced relapse in residually depressed patients, it increased accessibility of metacognitive sets; and (d) where MBCT reduced relapse in recovered depressed patients, it increased accessibility of metacognitive sets. CT and MBCT may reduce relapse by changing relationships to negative thoughts rather than by changing belief in thought content.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Self-reported adherence to treatment with mood stabilizers, plasma levels, and psychiatric hospitalization.

OBJECTIVE: The authors explored the relationship of adherence to treatment with mood stabilizers (lithium, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate) and plasma levels of these drugs to future psychiatric hospitalizations. METHOD: They prospectively followed 98 patients with mood disorders who were prescribed mood stabilizers. These patients participated in an initial interview and completed a questionnaire regarding their adherence to the medications. Data on their plasma levels of these drugs were taken from assays done in the 3 months before the interview. RESULTS: Six of the 98 patients were not classified as to medication adherence or plasma levels. Twenty-nine (32%) of the remaining patients reported partial adherence to the medication regimen, and 33 (36%) had an index plasma level that was suboptimal. At 18 months, rates of admission to a psychiatric hospital were significantly higher in the 16 partially adherent patients with subtherapeutic plasma levels (N=13, 81%) than in the 46 adherent patients with therapeutic plasma levels (N=4, 9%). However, hospital admission was also more likely in partially adherent patients with therapeutic plasma levels than in adherent patients with subtherapeutic plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to medication regimens may be a proxy measure of other healthy behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Nonadherence with mood stabilizers: prevalence and predictors.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of nonadherence with mood stabilizers ranges from about 18% to 52%. Only 1% of publications on mood stabilizers address this issue. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors of nonadherence in a cohort of individuals with affective disorders receiving long-term treatment with mood stabilizers. METHOD: Subjects receiving lithium, carbamazepine, and/or valproate were identified from biochemistry laboratory data. Ninety-eight of these subjects had major depressive disorder (N = 20) or bipolar disorder (N = 78) (DSM-IV) and gave informed consent to participate in a structured clinical interview to assess their medication adherence and the factors that influenced it. RESULTS: Just under 50% of subjects (46/98) acknowledged some degree of medication nonadherence in the previous 2 years, and 32% (29/92) reported only partial adherence in the last month (missing 30% or more of their prescribed medication). Backward stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that partially adherent subjects were best distinguished from adherent subjects by a more frequent past history of nonadherence, denial of severity of illness, and greater duration of being prescribed a mood stabilizer. CONCLUSION: Rates of mood stabilizer nonadherence are high. Attitudes and behaviors are better predictors of nonadherence than side effects from medication. Clinicians need to inquire routinely about problems with adherence.

Adult↗