Biomedical subjects

Mariko Momoi

Publications and source records attributed to Mariko Momoi.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Cerebral ventricular volume assessment by three-dimensional ultrasonography.

We assessed ventricular volume with three-dimensional ultrasonography. The study group consisted of 54 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Gestational age was 32.9+/-3.5 weeks and birth weight was 1774+/-623 g. To obtain images, the transducer was placed on the anterior fontanel. Sagittal sections were serially and automatically scanned from left to right. The angle of scanning was 60 degrees and five seconds were spent on e scanning. Two hundred fifty B-mode images were stored in the built-in computer for later retrieval. We chose the parasagittal sections from the midline to the lateral portion and traced manually an area of the lateral ventricle in each section at intervals of 1 mm. The built-in computer integrated them and measured the ventricular volume. The lateral ventricular size became larger during the first two weeks after birth. The left ventricle was larger than the right one. There was no correlation between lateral ventricular volume and birth weight. Our study shows the normal value of the lateral ventricular volume in neonates.

Cerebral Ventricles↗

PubMed2005

Utility of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic performance (Tei index) for detecting hypoxic cardiac damage in newborns.

The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac function of newborns with mild asphyxia by a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic performance (Tei index). We studied 20 preterm infants with mild asphyxia. A control group consisted of 20 gestational age-matched preterm infants without asphyxia. Echocardiograms were performed during the fourth and seventh days after birth. Peak velocities of an early filling wave (E) and an atrial contraction wave (A) were measured from the mitral inflow velocity profile and the ratio of peak E to A was calculated. Ejection time was measured from the left ventricular outflow Doppler signal. The sum of isovolumetric times was obtained by subtracting the ejection time from the interval between cessation and onset of mitral inflow. The index was the sum of isovolumetric times divided by ejection time. Ejection fraction was also calculated. The ratio of peak E to A and ejection fraction were the same in both groups. The myocardial performance index in patients with asphyxia was higher than that in patients without asphyxia. We concluded that patients with mild asphyxia have a mild cardiac dysfunction and this change can be detected by a myocardial performance index.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗

PubMed2005

[Pediatric neurologist and medical practice after adolescence: introductory remarks].

Medical practice after adolescence in child neurology was discussed. Major issues to be solved included; who should play major role in the practice, what medical facilities are available for inpatients, how medical networks are built in the community (especially for disabled patients), and which medical benefits were required to support patients after the cessation of support for childhood disorders. As child neurologists, we must decide whether we need training in adult neurology as an elective course or compulsory. All these considerations have to be solved by child neurologists for the benefit of maturing patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

High-dose immunoglobulin therapy for Guillain-Barré syndrome in Japanese children.

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy, presumed to be immune-mediated. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used to treat GBS and was found to be effective. However, a well-controlled study of pediatric GBS has not been conducted in Japan. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of IVIg in the treatment of GBS, an open-labeled study was performed in pediatric patients. METHODS: Participants in the study were required to be younger than 15 years old, and diagnosed as having moderate or severe GBS. IVIg (400 mg/kg per day) was administered to patients for five consecutive days. Predefined outcome measures were defined on a seven-point scale of motor function (Hughes' functional grade [FG]). RESULTS: Eleven patients were treated with IVIg. The median time taken to improve by one grade on the FG scale was 10.0 days after initial treatment. Two weeks after initial treatment, 72.7% of patients treated with IVIg improved by one or more grades, and 36.4% improved by two or more grades, measured on the FG scale. After 4 weeks an improvement by one or more grades was observed in 81.8% of patients, and two or more grades in 63.6% of patients. These improvement rates were markedly greater than would occur with the natural course of GBS1. Adverse events (subjective symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings) were observed in four patients, although all were temporary and mild. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that IVIg is a safe and effective treatment for childhood GBS, which shortens the time to recovery.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Difference between left and right lateral ventricular sizes in neonates.

The objective of this study is to determine the causes of asymmetry of the lateral ventricles in neonates. We also studied the effect of head position and the relationship of body weight at birth in regard to lateral ventricular size. Eligible for inclusion in this study were 60 neonatal infants whose gestational age was 33.1+/-3.5 weeks and whose birth weight was 1793+/-613 g. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at the first and the second weeks after birth. In parasagittal and coronal scans through the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, the lateral ventricle was traced and its area was measured. We found no significant variation of ventricular size in relation to body weight at birth. The left ventricular size was larger than the right one. The difference of the left and right ventricular sizes was partially effected by head position. The ratio of left to right lateral ventricular sizes showed a very wide distribution. We considered that ventricular asymmetry is not pathological, but due to individual differences.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

Effect of head position to the cerebral arterial flow in neonates.

The objective of this study is to determine the difference of the flow velocities of left and right cerebral arteries. We also studied the effect of head position to the cerebral arterial flow velocities. Eligible for inclusion in this study were 60 neonatal infants whose gestational age was 33.1+/-3.5 weeks and whose birth weight was 1793+/-613 g. The ultrasonographic examinations were performed in the first and second weeks after birth. In an axial scan through a temporal window, the Doppler sample volume was positioned at the center of the M1 portion of the middle cerebral artery and the flow velocity curve was detected. No statistical difference was seen in the flow velocities between the left and right middle cerebral arteries. However, the flow velocities in the upper side were significantly higher than those in the lower side. RI in the upper side was significantly smaller than that in the lower one. This change of flow velocities stabilized in 5 min after the head was turned upside down. The effect of head positioning to the intracranial blood flow must be considered when cerebral ultrasonography of neonates is performed.

Blood Flow Velocity↗