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Biomedical subjects

Marilyn Rantz

Publications and source records attributed to Marilyn Rantz.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

Nurse care coordination in community-based long-term care.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a nurse care coordination program for people receiving services from a state-funded home and community-based waiver program called Missouri Care Options (MCO). DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design was used to compare 55 MCO clients who received nurse care coordination (NCC) and 30 clients who received MCO services but no nurse care coordination. METHODS: Nurse care coordination consists of the assignment of a registered nurse who provides home care services for both the MCO program and Medicare home health services. Two standardized datasets, the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for resident care and planning and the Outcome Assessment Instrument and Data Set (OASIS) were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months on both groups. Cognition was measured with the MDS Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), activities of daily living (ADL) as the sum of five MDS ADL items, depression with the MDS-Depression Rating Scale, and incontinence and pressure ulcers with specific MDS items. Three OASIS items were used to measure pain, dyspnea, and medication management. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method was used to test the association between the NCC intervention and clinical outcomes. FINDINGS: At 12 months the NCC group scored significantly better statistically in the clinical outcomes of pain, dyspnea, and ADLs. No significant differences between groups were found in eight clinical outcome measures at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Use of nurse care coordination for acute and chronic home care warrants further evaluation as a treatment approach for chronically ill older adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗

Predicting death in the nursing home: development and validation of the 6-month Minimum Data Set mortality risk index.

BACKGROUND: Currently, 24% of all deaths nationally occur in nursing homes making this an important focus of care. However, many residents are not identified as dying and thus do not receive appropriate care in the last weeks and months of life. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a predictive model of 6-month mortality risk using functional, emotional, cognitive, and disease variables found in the Minimum Data Set. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study developed and validated a clinical prediction model using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Our study sample included all Missouri long-term-care residents (43,510) who had a full Minimum Data Set assessment transmitted to the Federal database in calendar year 1999. Death was confirmed by death certificate data. RESULTS: The validated predictive model with a c-statistic of.75 included the following predictors: a) demographics (age and male sex); b) diseases (cancer, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and dementia/Alzheimer's disease); c) clinical signs and symptoms (shortness of breath, deteriorating condition, weight loss, poor appetite, dehydration, increasing number of activities of daily living requiring assistance, and poor score on the cognitive performance scale); and d) adverse events (recent admission to the nursing home). A simple point system derived from the regression equation can be totaled to aid in predicting mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A reasonably accurate, validated model has been produced, with clinical application through a scored point system, to assist clinicians, residents, and family members in defining good goals of care around end-of-life care.

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Older adults' attitudes towards and perceptions of "smart home" technologies: a pilot study.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The study aim is to explore the perceptions and expectations of seniors in regard to "smart home" technology installed and operated in their homes with the purpose of improving their quality of life and/or monitoring their health status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three focus group sessions were conducted within this pilot study to assess older adults' perceptions of the technology and ways they believe technology can improve their daily lives. Themes discussed in these groups included participants' perceptions of the usefulness of devices and sensors in health-related issues such as preventing or detecting falls, assisting with visual or hearing impairments, improving mobility, reducing isolation, managing medications, and monitoring of physiological parameters. The audiotapes were transcribed and a content analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 15 older adults participated in three focus group sessions. Areas where advanced technologies would benefit older adult residents included emergency help, prevention and detection of falls, monitoring of physiological parameters, etc. Concerns were expressed about the user-friendliness of the devices, lack of human response and the need for training tailored to older learners. CONCLUSIONS: All participants had an overall positive attitude towards devices and sensors that can be installed in their homes in order to enhance their lives.

Accidental Falls↗

Hospice and nonhospice nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: To compare hospice residents in nursing homes with residents who are noted as end-stage, but not in hospice programs. DESIGN: Descriptive comparison of the outcomes reported on Minimum Data Set (MDS) for all residents admitted to Missouri nursing homes in 1999. SETTING: Nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: Residents of nursing homes designated as either hospice or end-stage on admission MDS. MEASUREMENTS: Percentage of hospice residents having various conditions as compared with other end-stage residents. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Overall the clinical conditions of both hospice and nonhospice end-stage residents were similar. A greater percentage of hospice residents were found to have living wills, DNR orders, and cancer, and to be in moderate or severe pain. Hospice and nonhospice residents experienced similar time from admission to death or discharge (20 and 36 days, respectively). Based on the clinical condition of the two groups, it would appear that there are limited clinical reasons for the low utilization of the hospice benefit in nursing homes. The increased prevalence of advance care planning may lead toward use of hospice or may result from hospice enrollment. Hospice services seem to be thought of more frequently for residents with cancer and residents experiencing pain. Nursing homes must recognize their role as caregivers to the dying before palliative care is seen as a need for nursing home residents. Nursing homes need education in determining when a patient is appropriate for palliative care as only 4% are designated as end of life, and only 2% are shown to be receiving hospice care in hospice-contracted facilities.

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Lower respiratory infections in nursing home residents with dementia: a tale of two countries.

PURPOSE: A focus on palliative care for residents with dementia is much more common in Dutch nursing homes than in the United States. We compared treatment and mortality in U.S. and Dutch nursing home residents with lower respiratory infections (LRI), which are often the immediate cause of death in dementia. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied two prospective cohorts--a study of pneumonia (n = 706) conducted in 61 psychogeriatric nursing homes throughout the Netherlands and 701 subjects with likely dementia from a study of LRIs in 36 nursing homes in Missouri. RESULTS: Nursing home residents with dementia were more often treated without antibiotics in the Netherlands (23%) than in Missouri (15%). Indicators of severe illness operate in opposite directions: more severe illness is associated with antibiotic treatment in the United States, but with palliative treatment without antibiotics in the Netherlands. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings are consistent with others in indicating problems with transition to palliative care for U.S. nursing home residents with dementia.

Aged↗

Why older adults with light care needs enter and remain in nursing homes.

Many patients in nursing homes receive limited services. In 1996, approximately 17% of the 1.6 million nursing home residents received assistance with two or less activities of daily living (ADL). This descriptive study addressed this issue by investigating why residents with light care needs enter and remain in nursing homes. Residents with light care needs (N = 20) identified by directors of nursing were interviewed to elicit why they entered and remain in nursing homes. Their care level was estimated using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Resource Utilization Groups, Version III (RUG-III). In this study, older adults with light care needs who decide to enter and remain in nursing homes were found to be influenced by a prior hospitalization or a health event; the perceived inability to manage instrumental ADLs (IADLs), ADLs, or health monitoring at home; and lack of knowledge about alternatives to nursing home care. This study demonstrates the vital role nurse case managers can play in both acute care settings and nursing homes. They can help older adults with light care needs to make informed decisions about long-term care, seek out community options, and set in place assistive care systems that can help them age in the community.

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Clinical outcomes of aging in place.

BACKGROUND: Programs such as Medicaid Home and Community-based Services (HCBS) have provided an alternative to institutionalization through community-based, long-term care services; however, there are limited studies on the clinical outcomes of participants in these programs as compared to nursing home (NH) residents. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes of individuals in a community-based, long-term care program to individuals of similar case mix in institutional-based, long-term care. METHODS: A program called Aging in Place (AIP) was developed by the Sinclair School of Nursing in cooperation with the state of Missouri's HCBS program. The AIP intervention consisted of nurse coordination of the HCBS program and Medicare home health services. A total of 78 AIP participants were matched with 78 NH residents on admission period, activities of daily living (ADLs), cognitive status, and age. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) was collected on the AIP group at admission and every 6 months over a 30-month period. Cognition was measured by the MDS Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), ADLs by the sum of 5 MDS ADL items, depression by the MDS-Depression Rating Scale, and incontinence by rating on 2 MDS items related to urinary continence. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method was used to test the association between the AIP intervention and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The AIP group clinical outcomes were better at a statistically significant level (less than .05) for the following outcomes: (a) cognition at 6, 12, and 18 months (p = .00); (b) depression at 6 and 12 months (p = .00); (c) ADL at 6 (p = .02), 12 (p = .04), and 24 (p = .00) months; and (d) incontinence at 24 (p = .02) months. In all 4 outcome measures, the AIP group stabilized or improved outcome scores whereas the NH group's outcome scores deteriorated. DISCUSSION: Study results suggest that community-based care with nurse coordination enhances clinical outcomes of long-term care participants.

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The power of dialogue with the Global Nursing Exchange.

The Global Nursing Exchange is a welcoming, unstructured environment that connects colleagues in deeper ways. Nurses from a variety of environments dialogue about what could be and how to create it. Discussions are affirming, confirming, and challenging, creating personal and professional growth and innovation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

A profile of residents admitted to long-term care facilities for end-of-life care.

INTRODUCTION: Permanent placement in a Long-Term-Care (LTC) facility following hospitalization or when staying at home is no longer a viable option is the reality for a growing number of Americans. When death is imminent, the specialized knowledge and skill of the hospice team is required and accepted as an important component of end-of-life (EOL) care. The provision of appropriate care at the EOL is contingent on accurate identification of those residents who are approaching the final stage of life. This study describes the prevalence, profile, and survivorship of residents admitted to LTC facilities, using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) designation of being at the EOL. METHODS: A descriptive, correlational, retrospective cohort design was used to analyze all residents admitted to certified LTC facilities with hospice contracts in Missouri in 1999. Variables for analysis were selected from the MDS items that are clinically relevant for those residents at the EOL, for example, pain, incontinence, skin condition, activities of daily living (ADLs), depression, and weight loss. In addition, items regarding advance directives, use of special treatments, and diagnoses were selected because they are important to the care of residents at the EOL. RESULTS: Of 492 eligible facilities, 159 were confirmed as providing hospice care. Of 9615 admissions to these facilities, 432 (4.5%) met the EOL care definition; half of these were receiving specialist hospice care. The EOL residents were distinguishable in terms of symptoms. Median survival time for EOL admissions was 33 days. At 6 months, only 17% of EOL admissions remained in the facility. CONCLUSIONS: Residents designated as EOL who are admitted to LTC are a distinct group from other new residents, with identifiable needs requiring specialist attention. Accurate recognition that EOL is imminent is required for the development of appropriate strategies and resources for care.

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Moving from a culture of blame to a culture of safety in the nursing home setting.

TOPIC: A culture of safety. PURPOSE: To explore the current culture of blame and what organizational elements must be impacted to move toward a culture of safety in the nursing home setting. METHODS: A mixed-method approach incorporating a case study and staff member survey results were used to explicate the organizational elements impacting the current nursing home culture. CONCLUSION: Nurse leaders can create an environment in which every member of the team feels a responsibility and an ability to insure that residents are safe by improving communication and participation in decision making.

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