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Biomedical subjects

Mario Caltabiano

Publications and source records attributed to Mario Caltabiano.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A sella turcica bridge in subjects with dental anomalies.

Calcification of the interclinoid ligament (ICL) of the sella turcica, or sella turcica bridging, has been associated with severe craniofacial deviations. Despite no comprehensive study on the sella turcica bridge, a relationship with tooth and eruption disturbances has been reported. In order to investigate whether congenital absence of the second mandibular premolar, or the presence of a palatally displaced canine (PDC), is associated with sella bridging, a retrospective study was performed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 20 males and 14 females, aged between 8 and 16 years, with a PDC and second mandibular premolar aplasia were reviewed and compared with a control group. A standardized scoring scale was established to quantify the extent of a sella turcica bridge from each radiograph (no calcification, partially calcified, and completely calcified). The prevalence of complete calcification of the ICL in adolescents with dental anomalies was equal to 17.6 per cent, while an incidence 9.9 per cent was found in the control group. A partially calcified sella turcica was observed in 58.8 per cent of adolescents with dental anomalies compared with 33.7 per cent in the control group. The association between the degree of calcification of the ICL and the presence of dental anomalies in the studied adolescents was statistically significant according to chi-square statistics (P = 0.004). This was confirmed by Fisher's exact test (P = 0.003). According to these findings, the prevalence of a sella turcica bridge in adolescents with dental anomalies is increased, while age and gender do not greatly influence ossification of the ICL. The very early appearance during development of a sella turcica bridge should alert clinicians to possible tooth anomalies in life later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in human gingival crevicular fluid during initial tooth movement.

INTRODUCTION: During orthodontic treatment, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves several metabolic changes that allow tooth movement. Many studies have evaluated these modifications through the analysis of various metabolites released into gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 in the GCF of human teeth exposed to orthodontic force on both the tension and compression sides in the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: GCF samples were obtained from 11 healthy orthodontic patients (8 girls, 3 boys; age, 13-15 years; mean, 13.9 years) who needed their 4 first premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. In each patient, the left maxillary canine having the fixed orthodontic appliance was used as the test tooth, and its antagonist, with no appliance, was the control tooth. Orthodontic force was applied by using a Sentalloy coil-spring (GAC International, Bohemia, NY) of 150 g. The GCF sampling on the mesiobuccal and distobuccal aspects of each experimental and control tooth was performed at specific times up to 8 hours with paper strips. Processing was carried out with western blot analysis to detect MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels on the compression and tension sides. RESULTS: Compression force induced a significant increase of MMP-1 protein after 1 hour; the increase lasted until the third hour of force application and disappeared thereafter. The tension force induced significantly increased levels of the MMP-1 protein after just 1 hour of force application. MMP-2 protein was induced by compression and increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion, reaching a peak after 8 hours of force application. On the tension side, MMP-2 was significantly increased after 1 hour but gradually returned to basal levels within 8 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic forces affect both MMP-1 and MMP-2 protein levels on the compression and the tension sides, although to different extents, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-2 protein levels change in a time-dependent fashion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mandibular growth in subjects with infraoccluded deciduous molars: a superimposition study.

The aim of this longitudinal cephalometric study was to analyze the growth characteristics of the mandible in subjects with infraocclusion of the mandibular deciduous molars. A group of 28 subjects with bilateral infraocclusion of mandibular deciduous molars (IG) were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study on the growth characteristics of the mandible and compared with a control group (CG) of 28 subjects. Lateral cephalograms were collected in both groups at T1 and at T2, after a mean 19-month interval in the IG and after a mean 16-month interval in the CG. All subjects were observed in the early mixed dentition before the pubertal peak and did not receive any orthodontic treatment during the observation interval. Cephalometric analysis at T1 and superimposition of tracings at T1 and T2 were performed, and statistical comparisons between the two groups were carried out by means of independent sample t-tests. Discriminant analysis on the superimposition data identified Co-Gn angle (angle formed by line Co-Gn at T1 and at T2) as the single discriminant variable between IG and CG. There were significant differences between the two groups as to morphological changes of the mandible and direction of condylar growth, thus demonstrating anterior growth rotation of the mandible in subjects with infraocclusion. Because of the high levels of alveolar bone turnover and remodeling in anterior rotating mandibles, this study suggested that skeletal growth characteristics of the mandible may influence the clinical expression of infraocclusion.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2004

Interactive online program to improve cephalometric tracing skills.

Cephalometric analysis has a key role in orthodontic clinical practice and research. The skills needed to accurately trace radiographs can be acquired only through practice. We developed an interactive, Internet-based system to help students hone their cephalometric tracing skills. The online system allows students to practice any time and at their own pace, and receive immediate graphical feedback on the quality of their work. It also allows instructors to update the collection of cases available to students for practice.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2003

Palatally displaced canine anomaly in monozygotic twins.

The palatally displaced canine (PDC) anomaly is a tooth malposition occurring in 1% to 3% of most populations. From the results of family studies, the PDC phenotype appears to be under strong genetic influence. In this study we report monozygotic (MZ) twin girls with bilateral PDC expression. The finding of PDC anomaly in MZ twins--to our knowledge, the first such published case--lends further support to evidence of genetic control of the PDC anomaly.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in human temporomandibular joint discs of patients with internal derangement.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are believed to represent a cellular stress response mechanism that protects intracellular proteins from damaging events. Some studies have demonstrated an enhanced expression of large-molecular-weight HSPs in diseased systematic joints. Small heat shock proteins, and among these HSP27, have been studied to a lesser extent. HSP27 has cytoprotective and biosynthetic functions within chondrocytes, and it is an estrogen-associated protein that is under hormonal modulation. To improve understanding at a molecular level of the pathophysiology of certain temporomandibular joint disorders, the authors carried out this immunohistochemical study to assess the presence of HSP27 in human TMJ discs. Twelve adult human TMJ discs (10 diseased and 2 healthy discs) and 5 TMJ fetal human discs were used in this study. Adult discs and TMJ tissues of human fetuses were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Samples were then processed for histologic examination. Sections were immunohistochemically stained using the streptavidin-biotin detection method. No reaction product for HSP27 in the discs of fetuses was noted. HSP27 was weakly expressed in normal TMJ discs and highly up-regulated in discs of patients showing new vessel formation and chondroid metaplasia. Any correlation between gender and HSP27 was found in the sample, being the up-regulation of HSP27 related mostly to major histopathological changes. This different pattern of HSP27 immunostaining in human TMJ discs detected in the authors' specimens suggests that the expression of this small HSP is functionally modulated. In fact HSP27 up-regulates in internal derangement specimens with major histopathological changes; on the other hand, it is not expressed or only weakly expressed in TMJ discs of fetuses and normal TMJ discs.

Adult↗