Chemistry of Antoine Baumé (1774).
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Chemistry↗
Biomedical subjects
Marius Fahrer
Publications and source records attributed to Marius Fahrer.
Bartholomeo Eustachio--the third man: Eustachius published by Albinus.
In 1744, Albinus from Leyden, the most illustrious anatomist of his time, published, with ample comments, the long lost anatomical Tables of Eustachius. Engraved on copper plates in 1552, these tables illustrated the results of the dissections of Eustachius. Albinus considered this work to be vastly superior to that of Vesalius, first published in 1543. The rivalry between the famous and flamboyant Vesalius and the almost unknown Eustachius marked the official acceptance of dissection of the human body as a legitimate research and teaching method. The tale unfolds against a backdrop of Renaissance and Reformation effervescence, with Popes, Kings and an Emperor playing a direct or indirect part in the development of anatomy as a science.
Anatomy↗
Mobilization of the rectum: anatomic concepts and the bookshelf revisited.
INTRODUCTION: Sound surgical technique is based on accurate anatomic knowledge. In surgery for cancer, the anatomy of the perirectal fascia and the retrorectal plane is the basis for correct mobilization of the rectum to ensure clear surgical margins and to minimize the risk of local recurrence. METHODS: This review of the literature on the perirectal fascia is based on a translation of the original description by Thoma Jonnesco and a later account by Wilhelm Waldeyer. The Jonnesco description, first published in 1896 in French, is compared with the German account of 1899. These were critically analyzed in the context of our own and other techniques of mobilizing the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: Mobilization of the rectum for cancer can be performed along anatomic planes with minimal blood loss, preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves and a low prevalence of local recurrence. Different techniques including total mesorectal excision are based on the same anatomic principles, however, popular words have been used to replace accepted, established terminology. In particular, the description of total mesorectal excision has been confusing because of its emphasis on the words "total" and "mesorectum." The use of the word "mesorectum" anatomically is inaccurate and the implication that total excision of all the perirectal fat contained within the perirectal fascia "en bloc" in all patients with rectal cancer will minimize local recurrence remains contentious.
Fascia↗
Undiagnosed fracture in a common foot variant: the biphalangeal little toe.
The biphalangeal little toe is an anatomical anomaly that has been previously well described in the early anatomical literature. But, as is the case with many anomalies, there is a lack of awareness of it amongst current clinicians. We report the case of a fracture through the distal phalanx of the little toe, with a delay in the diagnosis due to confusion over the X-ray findings. X-rays revealed a biphalangeal toe with a fracture through the distal phalanx, which mimicked the usual triphalangeal toe. This is the first reported case of clinical confusion over this anatomical variation. A review of 102 human skeletal feet at the Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, was performed to evaluate the frequency of the biphalangeal little toe variant, revealing an incidence of 26%.
Adult↗