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Mark Bartlett

Publications and source records attributed to Mark Bartlett.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Causes of death after diagnosis of hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection: a large community-based linkage study.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections are common causes of death related to liver disease. In this large study, we aimed to investigate all cause mortality of the viruses in a community-based setting. METHODS: In the study population, 39,109 people had hepatitis B, 75,834 had hepatitis C, and 2604 had hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection, notified to the New South Wales state health department, Australia, between 1990 and 2002. Their data were probabilistically linked to the National Death Index. Standardised mortality ratios for all causes of death were calculated and adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year. RESULTS: The number of deaths identified by the linkage were 1233 (3.2%) for hepatitis B, 4008 (5.3)% for hepatitis C, and 186 (7.1)% for hepatitis B and C co-infection. Raised risk of liver-related death (standardised mortality ratios 12.2, 95% CI 10.7-13.9; 16.8, 15.4-18.3, and 32.9, 23.1-46.7, for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B and C co-infected patients, respectively) and drug-induced death (1.4, 1.0-2.0; 19.3, 18.1-20.5; and 24.7, 18.2-33.5, respectively) were detected. In people with hepatitis C, raised risk of dying from drug-related causes was significantly greater than from liver-related causes (p=0.012), with the greatest excess risk in women aged 15-24 years (56.9, 39.2-79.9). INTERPRETATION: All groups had increased risk of liver-related death compared with the standard population, with the greatest excess in people diagnosed with hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection. Our data highlight that young people with hepatitis C and with co-infection face a higher mortality risk from continued drug use than from their infection, whereas the main cause of hepatitis B death was liver related.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cancer incidence in people with hepatitis B or C infection: a large community-based linkage study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) infection are well known, those for other cancers are less well understood. The aim was to quantify the risk of cancers among persons diagnosed with HBV/HCV infections. METHODS: The data from a cohort of 39109 HBV, 75834 HCV, and 2604 HBV/HCV co-infected persons notified to the State health department, 1990-2002, were probabilistically linked to the Cancer Registry and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancer were calculated. RESULTS: The match rate for any cancer was 2.7%, 2.3% and 3.3% for HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV co-infected notifications. SIRs for HCC were 30.6 (95% CI 25.7-36.5), 22.7 (95% CI 19.1-26.5) and 30.3 (95% CI 13.6-67.5), respectively. Increased risk was detected for Burkitt's lymphoma and HBV (SIR 12.9, 95% CI 5.4-30.9) and immunoproliferative malignancies following HCV (SIR 5.6, 95% CI 1.8-17.5). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of HCC in the infected cohort was 20-30 times greater than in the uninfected population with SIRs two to three times greater than those for the other HBV/HCV infection associated cancers. The modest though significant risk of immunoproliferative malignancies associated with HCV infection is consistent with recent findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2004, annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

In 2004, 60 diseases and conditions were nationally notifiable in Australia. States and Territories reported a total of 110,929 cases of communicable diseases to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS): an increase of 4 per cent on the number of notifications in 2003. In 2004, the most frequently notified diseases were sexually transmissible infections (46,762 cases; 42% of total notifications), gastrointestinal diseases (25,247 cases; 23% of total notifications) and bloodborne diseases (19,191 cases; 17% of total notifications). There were 13,206 notifications of vaccine preventable diseases, 6,000 notifications of vectorborne diseases, 1,799 notifications of other bacterial infections (includes, legionellosis, leprosy, meningococcal infections and tuberculosis) and 877 notifications of zoonotic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2004.

There were 2,375 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in Australia in 2004; a notification rate of 11.8 cases per 100,000 population. The rate varied between states and territories and by geographical region with the highest rates in the Northern Territory. Invasive pneumococcal disease was reported most frequently in children aged less than 5 years (55.4 cases per 100,000 population). Enhanced surveillance for IPD was carried out in all states and territories, in 2004, providing additional data on 2,023 (85%) cases. The overall rate of IPD in Indigenous Australians was 3.2 times the rate in non-Indigenous Australians. There were 154 deaths attributed to IPD resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 7.6 per cent. Rates of IPD in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous under 2-year-old population were similar in 2004 (91.5 and 93.6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively) following a targeted introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in mid-2001 for Indigenous infants and children. Serotypes of isolates were identified from 80 per cent of all notified cases, with 72 per cent of isolates belonging to serotypes represented in the 7vPCV and 91 per cent in the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV). Comparison of serotypes in the 7vPCV target population showed that the rate of IPD due to 7vPCV serotypes decreased by 74 per cent between 2001-02 and 2003-04. Of 216 isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility, 83 per cent belonged to pneumococcal serotypes in the 7vPCV and 95 per cent in the 23vPPV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2003 annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

In 2003, 58 diseases and conditions were notifiable at a national level in Australia. States and territories reported a total of 104,956 cases to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System an increase of 3.2 per cent on the total number of notifications in 2002. In 2003, the most frequently notified diseases were sexually acquired infections (38,854, 37% of total notifications), gastrointestinal diseases (24,655 notifications, 24%) and bloodborne viruses (20,825 notifications, 20%). There were 11,113 notifications of vaccine preventable diseases, 6,780 notifications of vectorborne diseases, 1,826 notification of other bacterial infections and 903 notifications of zoonotic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

An holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community-controlled midwifery programme in Western Sydney.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct an holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community (Daruk)-controlled midwifery service in Western Sydney. METHODS: The study estimated direct programme costs and downstream savings to the health sector. Measures of antenatal attendance and perinatal outcome were compared between Aboriginal women with and without experiences of the antenatal programme through examination of antenatal clinic records and the New South Wales Midwives Data Collection for the period 1991-1996. Qualitative outcomes were analysed through interviews and focus groups. RESULTS: The net cost to the health sector was estimated to be $A1200 per client. Compared with Aboriginal women who received antenatal care in two conventional settings, there were no statistically significant differences in birthweight and perinatal survival. Gestational age at first visit was lower (17.2 vs 21.2 and 19.9 weeks), mean number of antenatal visits was higher (10.5 vs 5.5 and 9.5) and attendance for routine antenatal tests was better (94% vs 71% and 84%). Aboriginal clients were strongly positive about their experience of the Daruk service in terms of relationship and trust, accessibility, flexibility, provision of clear and appropriate information, continuity of care, empowerment and family-centred care. CONCLUSIONS: Net per client costs to the health service were modest. Quantitative evidence of improved antenatal outcomes was limited, but qualitative evaluation suggested the service was strongly valued. The outcomes examined in this study were broader than those used in conventional forms of economic evaluation and this enabled identification and analysis of more diverse sources of value from this programme.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2003.

There were 2,174 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) in Australia in 2003; a rate of 10.9 per 100,000 population. The notification rate varied between states and territories and by geographical region with the highest rates in the north of the country. Invasive pneumococcal disease was reported most frequently in children aged less than two years (98.8 cases per 100,000 population). Enhanced surveillance for IPD in 2003 was carried out in all states and territories, providing additional data on 1,842 (85%) of all notified cases. Rates of IPD in Indigenous Australians were three times the rate in non-Indigenous Australians. There were 125 deaths attributed to IPD resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 6.8 per cent. Seventy-one percent of all pneumococcal isolates serotyped were serotypes in the seven-valent conjugate vaccine and 91 per cent were serotypes in the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. The clinical presentation and risk factors for IPD varied between Indigenous and non-Indigenous cases and non-vaccine serotypes occurred more frequently among Indigenous children and adults. Data from three years of surveillance indicate an early impact of the 7-valent vaccine in the target population.

Adolescent↗