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Biomedical subjects

Markus Henriksson

Publications and source records attributed to Markus Henriksson.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Adolescent adjustment disorder: precipitant stressors and distress symptoms of 89 outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Research on adolescent adjustment disorder (AD) is scarce. We characterized adolescent outpatients with AD in psychosocial background and treatment received compared with patients with other non-psychotic disorders (OND). Furthermore, we explored precipitant stressors, distress symptoms and behavioral problems among males and females with AD. METHOD: Data were collected prospectively on 290 consecutive psychiatric outpatients, aged 12-22 yrs, at a secondary care clinic in Finland. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned, based on all available information, at the end of treatment. RESULTS: AD was the second most common diagnosis among non-psychotic patients (31% of 290). Compared to OND-patients, those with AD were predominantly female and had less severe psychosocial impairment. In multivariate comparisons school-related stressors, problems with law and restlessness characterized males, and parental illness and internalizing symptoms females with AD. Intensity and duration of treatment of AD-patients varied widely. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment disorder comprised a common clinical entity among adolescent outpatients. Psychiatric assessment and treatment should be individually targeted by taking into account gender-specific stressors and distress symptoms among young people with AD.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2006

ZnGeP2 parametric oscillator pumped by a linewidth-narrowed parametric 2 microm source.

A tandem optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is used to convert radiation from 1.064 microm to the mid-infrared. Spectral bandwidth narrowing close to 80 times compared with a conventional cavity was achieved by using a bulk Bragg grating as an outcoupler in a near-degenerate periodically poled KTiOPO(4) OPO. The narrowed 2,008 nm radiation was subsequently used for pumping the ZnGeP(2) OPO, which was tunable between 3.3 and 5.2 microm. Pulse energies of 170 microJ and pump depletion close to 70% were obtained in the ZnGeP(2) OPO. To our knowledge this is the first time the output from a near-degenerate type I PPKTP OPO has been used for ZnGeP(2) OPO pumping.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Detection probabilities for photon-counting avalanche photodiodes applied to a laser radar system.

Arrays of photon-counting avalanche photodiodes with time-resolved readout can improve the performance of three-dimensional laser radars. A comparison of the detection and false-alarm probabilities for detectors in linear mode and in Geiger mode is shown. With low background radiation their performance is comparable. It is shown that in both cases it will be necessary to process several laser shots of the same scene to improve detection and reduce the false-alarm rate. Additional calculations show that the linear mode detector is much better at detecting targets behind semitransparent obscurations such as vegetation and camouflage nets.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Suicidality in adjustment disorder--clinical characteristics of adolescent outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Although a remarkable proportion of adolescents suffering from adjustment disorder (AD) are suicidal, few studies have documented the characteristics of suicidal AD patients. We examined background, psychopathology and treatment-related factors among suicidal adolescent AD outpatients. METHOD: Data on 302 consecutively referred psychiatric outpatient adolescents, aged 12-22 years, were collected. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned at the end of treatment based on all available data. Of the patients 89 received a diagnosis of AD, 25% of whom showed suicide attempts, suicidal threats or ideation. RESULTS: Compared with non-suicidal AD patients, suicidal AD patients were characterized by previous psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.1), poor psychosocial functioning at treatment entry (OR = 16.2), suicide as a stressor (OR = 33.3), dysphoric mood (OR = 6.9) and psychomotor restlessness (OR = 3.7). CONCLUSIONS: Common risk factors for suicidality in major psychiatric disorders characterized suicidal AD patients. Psychiatric assessment of AD patients should include careful monitoring of both symptomatology and exposure to suicide of significant others.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Premorbid intellectual functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: results from a cohort study of male conscripts.

OBJECTIVE: Premorbid intellectual impairment has been described in schizophrenia, but little is known about premorbid intellectual functioning in bipolar disorder or other psychoses. In this study, premorbid intellectual ability was investigated in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychoses. METHOD: Results on verbal, arithmetic, and visuospatial reasoning tests were obtained for 195,019 apparently healthy male subjects conscripted into the Finnish Defense Forces during 1982-1987 (mean age, 19.9 years). Linkage with the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (mean follow-up time, 7.1 years) identified conscripts later diagnosed with bipolar disorder (N=100), schizophrenia (N=621), or other psychoses (N=527). RESULTS: Poor performance on the visuospatial reasoning test at age 20 was associated with higher risks for all three disorders. The odds ratios indicating the difference in risk of illness between the lowest and highest of nine performance categories were 34.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.05-296.44) for bipolar disorder, 13.76 (95% CI=5.49-34.47) for schizophrenia, and 4.28 (95% CI=2.09-8.77) for other psychoses. In contrast, the higher the score for arithmetic reasoning, the greater the risk of bipolar disorder; a high score was associated with a more than 12-fold greater risk. Verbal test performance was not associated with higher risk for psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that premorbid visuospatial reasoning is impaired in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and, to a smaller extent, in other psychoses. This suggests that a subtle neurodevelopmental aberration is involved in the etiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. High arithmetic test performance may be associated with greater risk for bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Violent victimization in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the 3-year prevalence, and the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of violent victimization in a large and unselected nationwide sample of deinstitutionalized patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The sample comprised 670 schizophrenic patients aged 15-64 years, who had been discharged from psychiatric hospitals in Finland in 1994. Comprehensive data were collected from psychiatric case records on the patients' sociodemographic factors and psychiatric history, as well as the patients' overall level of functioning. The patients were interviewed 3 years after discharge by each district's psychiatric professionals using a structured interview schedule specifically designed for the purposes of the present study project. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported violent victimization during the 3-year follow-up was 5.6%. In the multivariate analysis, a poor financial situation, alcohol abuse and being a perpetrator of a violent or some other crime were associated with violent victimization. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of violent victimization among schizophrenic patients in Finland was markedly lower than that reported on patients in the United States or Great Britain, but correlates were similar. Patients with a poor financial situation and a history of alcohol misuse, as well as of violent behaviour, seem to have an increased risk for violent victimization, and constitute a vulnerable subgroup in this respect. This subgroup of deinstitutionalized patients with schizophrenia may need additional care and protection from the danger posed to them from other members of the society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Patients' evaluation of their psychiatric consultation after attempted suicide.

Few studies have previously investigated patients' evaluation of their psychiatric consultation after attempted suicide. The aim of the present study was to examine the patients' view of their psychiatric consultation after a suicide attempt. Of a systematic sample of 114 suicide attempters in Helsinki, 73 subjects were referred to psychiatric consultation at an emergency room or department, and 53 of these evaluated the consultation received. Half of these suicide attempters considered their psychiatric consultation had occurred too soon after the attempt. Those whose prior attitude toward the consultation was indifferent had higher Hopelessness Scale (HS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores than those who were positive. Psychiatric assessment should not take place before the patient has recovered from toxic effects caused by any overdose attempt. Suicide attempters with severe depression and hopelessness are likely to be those most indifferent to the prospect of psychiatric consultation. The presence of severe depression or hopelessness should not deter active evaluation and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Nursing home suicides-a psychological autopsy study.

OBJECTIVE: Older adults comprise a fifth of all suicides. Elders are the fastest growing part of the population, thus the number of persons needing nursing home care will increase dramatically in the near future. Little information has been available about suicides in nursing homes. The present study described all suicides among older adults in nursing homes in Finland during a 12-month period emphasizing the factors that have been found to be associated with suicide in the general elderly population. METHODS: Drawing on data from a psychological autopsy study of all suicides (n=1397) in Finland during one year, all suicides committed by patients in nursing homes were identified. Retrospective DSM-IV consensus diagnoses were assigned. RESULTS: Twelve elderly (aged 60 years or more) nursing home residents who died by suicide, 0.9% of all suicides, were identified. The primary finding of the present study was that nursing home residents who died by suicide had suffered from highly comorbid somatopsychiatric disorders. One or more diagnoses on Axis I were made for all who died by suicide in nursing home. Depressive syndrome was diagnosed in three-quarters of subjects. Only a third of these were identified to have suffered from depressive symptoms before their death. CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition and adequate treatment of both somatic diseases and mental disorders, particularly depression, as well as early recognition of suicide risk among nursing home residents, are needed in order to prevent suicide.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Adult schizotypal personality characteristics and prenatal influenza in a Finnish birth cohort.

Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia may result from a disruption of normal brain development during a critical, prenatal risk period in the 6th month of gestation. The phenotypic diagnostic manifestation of a basic genetic-neurodevelopmental disorder may consist of characteristics approximated by the DSM-IV diagnosis of "schizotypal personality disorder" (SPD). We identified male conscripts in Finland who, as fetuses, were exposed to the 1969 Hong Kong Influenza epidemic, along with a group of controls born during a relatively low year (1971) for infectious epidemics. It was hypothesized that among fetuses exposed to the influenza epidemic in their 6th month of gestation, we would observe an increased frequency of elevated (upper quartile) scores on a schizotypal personality characteristics (SPC) scale as compared to controls. A significantly higher proportion of the 6th month index exposed subjects (39%) had "elevated" SPC scale scores as compared to their controls (26%) (p<0.003). Further analyses revealed that these differences were accounted for by those exposed to the influenza epidemic in week 23 (51% vs. 24%) of the 6th month (p<0.005). Exploratory analyses for the other months did not reveal any significant differences. Implications and limitations of the week 23 findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

General hospital suicides--a psychological autopsy study in Finland.

Although both severe medical disorders and mental disorders are established risk factors for suicide, it is not known if patients who commit suicide in general hospitals differ from others. This study investigated current mental disorders and other clinical characteristics among general hospital suicide victims and compared them with other suicide victims in an unselected nationwide population. Drawing on data from a psychological autopsy study of all suicides (N = 1397) in Finland during one year, all suicides committed by patients in a general hospital setting were identified. Retrospective DSM-III-R consensus diagnoses were assigned and general hospital suicide victims were compared with other suicide completers in terms of clinical characteristics. Twenty-six general hospital suicide victims, 1.9% of all suicides, were identified. Subjects who completed suicide during general hospital treatment were older and used more violent suicide methods than other suicide victims. One or more diagnoses of psychiatric (Axis I) disorders were assigned for 88% of the general hospital suicide victims. Overall, the most prevalent disorder was major depression, which was more common among the general hospital suicide victims, even when age was controlled for. The findings of this study suggest that most people who commit suicide during a spell of general hospital treatment suffer from current mental disorder, as do suicide victims in general. The recognition and treatment of major depression in particular should be improved in order to prevent suicide in general hospitals.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord↗