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Biomedical subjects

Martin H Teicher

Publications and source records attributed to Martin H Teicher.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Hand preference and diagnosis in major mental illness.

A sample of 1,671 patients in a long-term psychiatric inpatient hospital were polled for hand preference in writing. Nonright-handers (n = 420) were more often diagnosed schizophrenic than Right-handers (n = 1,251), but the overall proportion of psychotic illness was the same in both handedness groups, suggesting the possibility that nonright-handedness may be associated with a change in the expression of psychotic illness so it is somewhat more likely to be manifest as thought disorder than mood disorder.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

24-h Monitoring of plasma norepinephrine, MHPG, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in depression.

UNLABELLED: Depression is associated with alterations in hormone and catecholamine circadian rhythms. Analysis of these alterations has the potential to distinguish between three neurobiological models of depression, the catecholamine model, the phase advance model and the dysregulation model. Although a number of studies of 24-h rhythms have been reported, inconsistencies among the findings have complicated efforts to model the chronobiology of depression. The present study takes advantage of frequent plasma sampling over the 24-h period and a multioscillator cosinor model to fit the 24-h rhythms. METHOD: Plasma levels of norepinephrine, cortisol, prolacatin and growth hormone were sampled at 30-min intervals, and MHPG at 60-min intervals, over a 24-h period in 22 patients with major depressive disorder and 20 healthy control volunteers. RESULTS: The depressed patients had phase advanced circadian rhythms for cortisol, norepinephrine and MHPG, phase advanced hemicircadian rhythms for cortisol and prolactin, and a phase advanced ultradian rhythm for prolactin compared to healthy control subjects. In addition, the rhythm-corrected 24-h mean value (mesor) of norepinephrine was lower in the depressed patients compared to the healthy controls. There also was a poorer goodness-of-fit for norepinephrine to the circadian oscillator in the depressed patients relative to the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide partial support for the dysregulation model of depression and are consistent with those studies that have found phase advances in cortisol, norepinephrine and MHPG rhythms in depression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment.

Early severe stress and maltreatment produces a cascade of neurobiological events that have the potential to cause enduring changes in brain development. These changes occur on multiple levels, from neurohumoral (especially the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis) to structural and functional. The major structural consequences of early stress include reduced size of the mid-portions of the corpus callosum and attenuated development of the left neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Major functional consequences include increased electrical irritability in limbic structures and reduced functional activity of the cerebellar vermis. There are also gender differences in vulnerability and functional consequences. The neurobiological sequelae of early stress and maltreatment may play a significant role in the emergence of psychiatric disorders during development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal T2 relaxation time in the cerebellar vermis of adults sexually abused in childhood: potential role of the vermis in stress-enhanced risk for drug abuse.

Recent studies suggest that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) elicits a cascade of neurohumoral events that affect brain development and is also a risk factor for the later development of substance abuse. We hypothesize that the cerebellar vermis may be a key region linking these observations. The vermis has a protracted ontogeny and a high density of glucocorticoid receptors, rendering it highly susceptible to early stress. The vermis modulates dopamine turnover in the accumbens and receives direct dopamine input through fibers with dopamine transporters. To test this hypothesis, steady-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (T2 relaxometry) was performed to assess resting blood flow in the vermis of 24 young adults (18-22 years) selected by screening from a large community sample. Eight subjects had a history of repeated CSA but were unmedicated and not under psychiatric care. Sixteen subjects were age-matched controls who had no personal or family history of Axis I psychiatric disorders. All subjects were screened to exclude known abnormalities affecting brain development, and any history of drug or alcohol abuse. CSA subjects had higher T2 relaxation time (T2-RT) than controls in the vermis but not in cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres. Vermal T2-RT correlated strongly with Limbic System Checklist (LSCL-33) ratings of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)-like symptomatology. From 537 prescreened young adults we found that their frequency of substance use was associated with a monotonic increase in LSCL-33 ratings and depression scores. Together these findings suggest that early trauma may interfere with the development of the vermis, and produce neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with drug use.

Adolescent↗