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Martin Iguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Martin Iguchi.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Psychiatric effects of ephedra use: an analysis of Food and Drug Administration reports of adverse events.

OBJECTIVE: As part of a synthesis of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ephedra, the authors describe data on psychiatric adverse events from reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). METHOD: The authors reviewed all 1,820 adverse event reports related to dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra from FDA MedWatch files as of Sept. 30, 2001. Fifty-seven serious psychiatric events were reported. RESULTS: The most commonly reported events were psychosis, severe depression, mania or agitation, hallucinations, sleep disturbance, and suicidal ideation. Ten events involved physical harm to self or others; five events resulted in legal action due to criminal behavior. Twenty-six events resulted in hospitalization, at least six of which were involuntary. Of importance, two-thirds of all cases involved patients with preexisting psychiatric conditions and /or use of other medications or illicit substances. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware that serious psychiatric symptoms could be associated with ephedra use.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Psychiatric symptoms associated with ephedra use.

The objective of this review is to describe psychiatric adverse events occurring after ingestion of dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra and to assess the possible relationship between supplement use and the events. The authors reviewed all adverse event reports related to dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra from US FDA MedWatch files as of 30 September, 2001. Psychosis, mania or severe agitation, severe depression, hallucinations, delusions, suicide attempts, paranoia and violent behaviour were classified as serious psychiatric events. Events were categorised based on the amount of information supporting a causal relationship. Out of almost 1800 total adverse events, 57 were classified as both psychiatric in nature and serious. Two-thirds of these psychiatric cases involved patients with pre-existing psychological/psychiatric conditions and/or use of other mood-altering medications or illicit substances. The majority of case reports were insufficiently documented to make an informed judgment about a relationship between the use of ephedra and the adverse event in question. The case reports evaluated do not prove a definitive causal link between ephedra and psychiatric complications. However, they do raise concern that such a relationship may exist.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2003

College on Problems of Drug Dependence taskforce on prescription opioid non-medical use and abuse: position statement.

This position paper from the College on Problems of Drug Dependence addresses the issues related to non-medical use and abuse of prescription opioids. A central theme throughout is the need to strike a balance between risk management strategies to prevent and deter prescription opioid abuse and the need for physicians and patients to have appropriate access to opioid pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pain. The epidemiology of prescription opioid use and abuse is reviewed. Non-medical use and abuse of prescription opioids are on the rise in the United States, illicit use of several widely prescribed opioids has increased disproportionately more than illicit use, and the prevalence of prescription opioid abuse appears to be similar to that of heroin and cocaine abuse. There is a paucity of abuse liability testing of prescription opioids, and methods should be developed to fill critical gaps in our knowledge in this area. The role of regulatory agencies in preventing diversion of prescription opioids and identifying potential sources of diversion are discussed. More research is needed to identify those populations most at risk for abusing prescription opioids, and then to develop appropriately targeted prevention programs. Treatment options are discussed; these depend on whether or not an abuser is in pain. Prescription opioid abuse has harmful ramifications for the legitimate and appropriate use of opioids, including stigmatization, opiophobia, and undertreatment of pain. Recommended steps to take include further epidemiological research, laboratory testing of prescription opioids to determine abuse liability, and clinical trials to determine the efficacy of different approaches to the prevention and treatment of prescription opioid abuse.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2002

A decade of drug treatment court research.

As drug treatment courts have multiplied over the past decade, so too have research evaluations conducted on their implementation and effectiveness. This article explores the decade of drug treatment court research conducted at RAND, starting with the experimental field evaluation of Maricopa's drug testing and treatment options to the most current 14-site national evaluation of courts funded in 1995-96 by the Drug Court Program Office. The article presents summaries of findings, a brief description of a drug treatment court typology, and suggestion of where future research might focus.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users.

The Methamphetamine Treatment Project (MTP) offers the opportunity to examine co-occurring psychiatric conditions in a sample of 1016 methamphetamine users participating in a multisite outpatient treatment study between 1999-2001. Participants reported high levels of psychiatric symptoms, particularly depression and attempted suicide, but also anxiety and psychotic symptoms. They also reported high levels of problems controlling anger and violent behavior, with a correspondingly high frequency of assault and weapons charges. Findings continue to support the value of integrated treatment for co-occurring conditions, especially the importance of training counseling staff to handle psychotic symptoms when needed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Placebo practice trials: a tool to assess and improve adherence readiness.

PURPOSE: Antiretroviral therapy is being increasingly delayed until later stages of illness. Therefore, prior to prescribing HAART, providers are emphasizing the need for patients to be ready to adhere well to the treatment regimen. Unfortunately, providers are no better than chance at predicting a patient's adherence, and there are no established methods for accurately assessing a patient's adherence readiness. This pilot study assessed the utility of a series of up to five 1-week placebo practice trials accompanied by adherence counseling as a clinical tool to both assess and improve adherence readiness. METHOD: Participants were not prescribed treatment until they demonstrated readiness, which was defined as 90+% adherence during a single practice trial. Once HAART was initiated, adherence to one selected antiretroviral was monitored for 4 weeks. Electronic monitoring caps were used to measure adherence. RESULTS: Twenty men enrolled in the study at two HIV outpatient clinics in Southern California. Mean age was 33, 50% were non-White, 35% were employed, 30% had not completed high school, 15% were Spanish monolingual, and 30% had unstable housing. Nine participants achieved 90+% adherence in the first practice trial, with an additional 8 participants demonstrating readiness after two to four practice trials; two participants withdrew from the study because of intolerance of the restrictions related to the use of the caps; and one participant was removed from the study after no effort was given during two practice trials. Of the 17 participants who completed the program and demonstrated adherence readiness, 15 started on an antiretroviral regimen and 2 decided to defer treatment indefinitely. Of the 15 who started therapy, 13 (87%) achieved 90+% adherence during the first month of antiretroviral therapy. The sample's mean adherence during the first 4 weeks of treatment was 93% (SD = 13). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that once a patient is able to adhere well to a 1-week practice trial they are likely to adhere equally well to HAART. A larger controlled study is needed to further assess the effectiveness of practice trials as a clinical tool for both assessing and improving adherence readiness.

Adult↗