Biomedical subjects

Martin Lísal

Publications and source records attributed to Martin Lísal.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Mesoscale simulation of polymer reaction equilibrium: combining dissipative particle dynamics with reaction ensemble Monte Carlo. I. Polydispersed polymer systems.

We present a mesoscale simulation technique, called the reaction ensemble dissipative particle dynamics (RxDPD) method, for studying reaction equilibrium of polymer systems. The RxDPD method combines elements of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC), allowing for the determination of both static and dynamical properties of a polymer system. The RxDPD method is demonstrated by considering several simple polydispersed homopolymer systems. RxDPD can be used to predict the polydispersity due to various effects, including solvents, additives, temperature, pressure, shear, and confinement. Extensions of the method to other polymer systems are straightforward, including grafted, cross-linked polymers, and block copolymers. To simulate polydispersity, the system contains full polymer chains and a single fractional polymer chain, i.e., a polymer chain with a single fractional DPD particle. The fractional particle is coupled to the system via a coupling parameter that varies between zero (no interaction between the fractional particle and the other particles in the system) and one (full interaction between the fractional particle and the other particles in the system). The time evolution of the system is governed by the DPD equations of motion, accompanied by changes in the coupling parameter. The coupling-parameter changes are either accepted with a probability derived from the grand canonical partition function or governed by an equation of motion derived from the extended Lagrangian. The coupling-parameter changes mimic forward and reverse reaction steps, as in RxMC simulations.

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PubMed2006

Low-temperature vapor-liquid equilibria from parallelized molecular dynamics simulations. Application to 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene.

A parallelized sampling version of the Gibbs Ensemble (Mol. Phys. 2000, 98, 1887) has been implemented to predict low-temperature vapor-liquid equilibria of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene modeled by anisotropic united atom potentials. The simulation were performed at the low temperature of 364.2 K at which common direct simulation methods fail due to particle transfer problems. The simulation results are compared with published results obtained from the Gibbs-Duhem integration method and with experimental data. Both methods are compared and discussed in terms of computational efficiency and with respect to their future use at other thermodynamic conditions.

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PubMed2006

Chemical reaction equilibrium in nanoporous materials: NO dimerization reaction in carbon slit nanopores.

We present a molecular-level simulation study of the effects of confinement on chemical reaction equilibrium in nanoporous materials. We use the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC) method to investigate the effects of temperature, nanopore size, bulk pressure, and capillary condensation on the nitric oxide dimerization reaction in a model carbon slit nanopore in equilibrium with a bulk reservoir. In addition to the RxMC simulations, we also utilize the molecular-dynamics method to determine self-diffusion coefficients for confined nonreactive mixtures of nitric oxide monomers and dimers at compositions obtained from the RxMC simulations. We analyze the effects of the temperature, nanopore width, bulk pressure, and capillary condensation on the reaction equilibrium with respect to the reaction conversion, fluid structure, and self-diffusion coefficients. We show that the influence of the temperature, nanopore size, and capillary condensation on the confined reaction equilibrium is quite dramatic while the effect of the bulk pressure on the reaction equilibrium in the carbon slit nanopore is only moderate. This work is an extension of previous work by Turner et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 114, 1851 (2001)] on the confined reactive nitric oxide system.

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PubMed2005

Molecular simulations of aqueous electrolyte solubility: 1. The expanded-ensemble osmotic molecular dynamics method for the solution phase.

We have developed a molecular-level simulation technique called the expanded-ensemble osmotic molecular dynamics (EEOMD) method, for studying electrolyte solution systems. The EEOMD method performs simulations at a fixed number of solvent molecules, pressure, temperature, and overall electrolyte chemical potential. The method combines elements of constant pressure-constant temperature molecular dynamics and expanded-ensemble grand canonical Monte Carlo. The simulated electrolyte solution systems contain, in addition to solvent molecules, full and fractional ions and undissociated electrolyte molecular units. The fractional particles are coupled to the system via a coupling parameter that varies between 0 (no interaction between the fractional particle and the other particles in the system) and 1 (full interaction between the fractional particle and the other particles in the system). The time evolution of the system is governed by the constant pressure-constant temperature equations of motion and accompanied by random changes in the coupling parameter. The coupling-parameter changes are accepted with a probability derived from the expanded-ensemble osmotic partition function corresponding to the prescribed electrolyte chemical potential. The coupling-parameter changes mimic insertion/deletion of particles as in a crude grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation; if the coupling parameter becomes 0, the fractional particles disappear from the system, and as the coupling parameter reaches unity, the fractional particles become full particles. The method is demonstrated for a model of NaCl in water at ambient conditions. To test our approach, we first determine the chemical potential of NaCl in water by the thermodynamic integration technique and by the expanded-ensemble method. Then, we carry out EEOMD simulations for different specified values of the overall NaCl chemical potential and measure the concentration of ions resulting from the simulations. Both computations give consistent results, validating the EEOMD methodology.

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PubMed2004

Reaction ensemble molecular dynamics: direct simulation of the dynamic equilibrium properties of chemically reacting mixtures.

A molecular simulation method to study the dynamics of chemically reacting mixtures is presented. The method uses a combination of stochastic and dynamic simulation steps, allowing for the simulation of both thermodynamic and transport properties. The method couples a molecular dynamics simulation cell (termed dynamic cell) to a reaction mixture simulation cell (termed control cell) that is formulated upon the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC) method, hence the term reaction ensemble molecular dynamics. Thermodynamic and transport properties are calculated in the dynamic cell by using a constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulation method. RxMC forward and reverse reaction steps are performed in the control cell only, while molecular dynamics steps are performed in both the dynamic cell and the control cell. The control cell, which acts as a sink and source reservoir, is maintained at reaction equilibrium conditions via the RxMC algorithm. The reaction ensemble molecular dynamics method is analogous to the grand canonical ensemble molecular dynamics technique, while using some elements of the osmotic molecular dynamics method, and so simulates conditions that directly relate to real, open systems. The accuracy and stability of the method is assessed by considering the ammonia synthesis reaction N2 +3 H2 <-->2N H3 . It is shown to be a viable method for predicting the effects of nonideal environments on the dynamic properties (particularly diffusion) as well as reaction equilibria for chemically reacting mixtures.

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PubMed2002

Direct Monte Carlo simulation methods for nonreacting and reacting systems at fixed total internal energy or enthalpy.

A Monte Carlo computer simulation method is presented for directly performing property predictions for fluid systems at fixed total internal energy, U, or enthalpy, H, using a molecular-level system model. The method is applicable to both nonreacting and reacting systems. Potential applications are to (1) adiabatic flash (Joule-Thomson expansion) calculations for nonreacting pure fluids and mixtures at fixed (H,P), where P is the pressure; and (2) adiabatic (flame-temperature) calculations at fixed (U,V) or (H,P), where V is the system volume. The details of the method are presented. The method is compared with existing related simulation methodologies for nonreacting systems, one of which addresses the problem involving fixing portions of U or of H, and one of which solves the problem at fixed H considered here by means of an indirect approach. We illustrate the method by an adiabatic calculation involving the ammonia synthesis reaction.

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