Biomedical subjects

Mary Grzybowski

Publications and source records attributed to Mary Grzybowski.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

ST-segment depression on the initial electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction-prognostic significance and its effect on short-term mortality: A report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2, 3, 4).

This study analyzed 255,256 patients who had acute myocardial infarction and were enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2, 3, and 4 (1994 to 2002). The objective was to determine in-hospital mortality rate among patients who had ST-segment depression on the initial electrocardiogram. Patients who had ST-segment depression had an in-hospital mortality rate (15.8%) similar to that of patients who had ST-segment elevation or left bundle branch block (15.5%). After adjusting for observed differences, ST-segment depression was associated with only a slightly lower odds ratio (0.91) of mortality compared with ST-segment elevation or left bundle branch block.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

The association between white blood cell count and acute myocardial infarction in-hospital mortality: findings from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction.

OBJECTIVES: Although cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown that the white blood cell (WBC) count is associated with long-term mortality for patients with ischemic heart disease, the role of the WBC count as an independent predictor of short-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been examined as extensively. The objective of this study was to determine whether the WBC count is associated with in-hospital mortality for patients with ischemic heart disease after controlling for potential confounders. METHODS: From July 31, 2000, to July 31, 2001, the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 4 enrolled 186,727 AMI patients. A total of 115,273 patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS: WBC counts were subdivided into intervals of 1,000/mL, and in-hospital mortality rates were determined for each interval. The distribution revealed a J-shaped curve. Patients with WBC counts >5,000/mL were subdivided into quartiles, whereas patients with WBC counts <5,000/mL were assigned to a separate category labeled "subquartile" and were analyzed separately. A linear increase in in-hospital mortality by WBC count quartile was found. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for the fourth versus the first quartile showed strong associations with in-hospital mortality among the entire population and by gender: 4.09 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 3.83 to 4.73) for all patients, 4.31 (95% CI = 3.93 to 4.73) for men, and 3.65 (95% CI = 3.32 to 4.01) for women. Following adjustment for covariates, the magnitude of the ORs attenuated, but the ORs remained highly significant (OR, 2.71 [95% CI = 2.53 to 2.90] for all patients; OR, 2.87 [95% CI = 2.59 to 3.19] for men; OR, 2.61 [95% CI = 2.36 to 2.99] for women). Reperfused patients had consistently lower in-hospital mortality rates for all patients and by gender (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The WBC count is an independent predictor of in-hospital AMI mortality and may be useful in assessing the prognosis of AMI in conjunction with other early risk-stratification factors. Whether elevated WBC count is a marker of the inflammatory process or is a direct risk factor for AMI remains unclear. Given the simplicity and availability of the WBC count, the authors conclude that the WBC count should be used in conjunction with other ancillary tests to assess the prognosis of a patient with AMI.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed2003

Mortality benefit of immediate revascularization of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy: a propensity analysis.

CONTEXT: There are no definitive recommendations for the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with ST-segment elevation who have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. It is not clear whether, and the extent to which, immediate mechanical reperfusion (IMR) reduces in-hospital mortality in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether IMR (defined as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) is associated with a mortality benefit in patients with acute ST-segment elevation AMI who are eligible for IMR but have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: From June 1994 to January 2003, the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2, 3, and 4 enrolled 1 799 704 patients with AMI. A total of 19 917 patients with acute ST-segment elevation were eligible for IMR but had thrombolytic contraindications after excluding patients who were transferred in from or out to other facilities, patients who received intracoronary thrombolytics, and those who received no medications within 24 hours of arrival. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: In-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Of the 19 917 patients, 4705 patients (23.6%) received IMR and 5173 patients (25.9%) died. In-hospital mortality rates in the IMR and non-IMR treated groups in the unadjusted analysis were 11.1%, representing 521 of 4705 patients, and 30.6%, representing 4652 of 15 212 patients, respectively, for a risk reduction of 63.7% (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.31). In a further analysis using a propensity matching score to reduce the effects of bias, 3905 patients who received IMR remained at lower risk for in-hospital mortality than 3905 matched patients (10.9% vs 20.1%, respectively, for a risk reduction of 45.8%; OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.55). Following a second logistic model applied to the matched groups to adjust for residual differences, a significant treatment effect persisted (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, IMR was associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality after appropriate adjustments. Of those we studied who were eligible for IMR, 15 212 patients (76.4%) did not receive it. These results suggest that using IMR in patients with acute ST-segment elevation AMI and contraindications to thrombolytics should be strongly considered.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

The prevalence of latex-specific IgE in patients presenting to an urban emergency department.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Since the first report of immediate hypersensitivity to latex was documented in 1979, latex allergy has been increasingly recognized as a medical problem in patient populations. However, there are no data available regarding the seroprevalence of latex sensitization in patients presenting to the emergency department. The overall aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of latex IgE seropositivity (L-IgE) in ED patients. METHODS: We measured latex-specific IgE antibodies among a convenience sample of 1,027 patients using the AlaSTAT assay. We also measured serum IgE antibodies specific for 12 common inhalant allergens using the AlaTOP Microplate Allergy Screen assay. Demographic data were collected. Two questions related to latex allergy were queried. Descriptive statistics are presented. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each seroprevalence test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to assess the relationship between sex, race, and seropositivity to inhalant allergens and L-IgE. RESULTS: The participation rate was 90% (1,027). The mean age of the patients was 46.9 years, 47.6% (489) were male, and 13.9% (143) were white. Eighty-four (8.2%; 95% CI 6.5% to 10.0%) had positive L-IgE results, and 23.8% (20) of patients with positive L-IgE results were classified as having strongly positive results. Bivariate analyses showed that being nonwhite (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 15.1) and being seropositive for inhalant allergens (OR 7.4; 95% CI 4.2 to 13.1) were associated with L-IgE. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of latex sensitization in our sampling is substantial and higher than previously estimated in the general adult population. The clinical significance of seropositivity requires further evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Disaster modeling: medication resources required for disaster team response.

INTRODUCTION: Responses to disasters involve many factors beyond personnel, such as medical and non-medical equipment and supplies. When disaster teams respond, they must do so with sufficient amounts of medicine and supplies to manage all of the patients expected for several days before re-supply. In order for this process to be efficient and expedient, accurate and advanced planning for supplies needed by disaster workers is necessary. These supplies must provide for general medical care and for hazard-specific problems. OBJECTIVE: To develop a model that provides the framework for determining supply requirements for the National Disaster Medical System, Disaster Medical Assistance Teams, or other responding disaster teams in a civilian environment. METHODS: A community hospital was modeled to determine patient characteristics when presenting to an emergency department (ED), including patient demographics and chief complaint, medications administered during the ED visit and prescribed at discharge, and laboratory tests ordered to assess disaster team supply requirements. Data were downloaded from a patient tracking software package and abstracted from various hospital data information systems. Data from the community hospital were compared with data published from two hurricane disasters by members of the National Disaster Medical System. RESULTS: To the extent possible, the model predicted the proportion of patient complaints and, therefore, the medicine and supplies needed for the management of these patients. CONCLUSION: This model offers a first step in preparing disaster medical teams for deployment.

Adolescent↗