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Biomedical subjects

Mary K Rayens

Publications and source records attributed to Mary K Rayens.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Racial variations in cephalometric analysis between Whites and Kuwaitis.

The objective of this study is to determine whether (1) Kuwaiti adolescents differ from Caucasian adolescents with respect to their cephalometric values; (2) sex plays a role in the differences between the two groups; and (3) a need exists to develop cephalometric standards for the Kuwaiti population. Standardized cephalometric films were obtained from 36 Kuwaiti females and 32 Kuwaiti males between the ages 11 and 14 years. Only subjects with Class I molar occlusion and a positive overjet of no more than 4 mm were selected. Each subject was age matched with White cephalometric values. Intraexaminer error, paired, and two-sample t-tests were made. The results show that there were significant differences between the Kuwaiti population and the Caucasian population for the majority of the variables tested (P < .01). Sex produced no significant effect on any of the variables studied. The Kuwaiti population has fuller lips, more facial convexity, greater dental protrusion, a more retruded and smaller mandible, and shorter posterior face height than the Caucasian population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of anxiety between smokers and nonsmokers with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Increased anxiety correlates with increased complications after acute myocardial infarction. Anxiety levels and use of anxiolytic agents have not been compared between smokers and nonsmokers hospitalized because of acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES: To compare anxiety level, sociodemographic factors, and clinical variables between smokers and nonsmokers hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and to examine predictors of use of beta-blockers and anxiolytic agents among smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a prospective multisite study on anxiety in 181 smokers and 351 nonsmokers with acute myocardial infarction. Anxiety was measured by using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety subscale of the Basic Symptom Inventory within 72 hours of admission. RESULTS: Smokers reported higher anxiety levels than nonsmokers reported on both anxiety scales. Female smokers reported the highest anxiety and peak pain levels of all, yet women were the least likely to receive anxiolytic agents. Smoking status was not a predictor for anxiety level when sex, peak pain, use of beta-blockers in the hospital, and age were controlled for. However, smokers were twice as likely as nonsmokers to receive an anxiolytic agent and 60% more likely to receive a beta-blocker in the emergency department, and smokers were 80% more likely than nonsmokers to receive an anxiolytic agent during hospitalization when these variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Older female smokers are at risk for complications because they are older than their male counterparts and less likely to receive beta-blockers and antianxiety medications in the emergency department.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2003

Smoking behavior and desire to quit among low-income female caregivers.

The purpose of this study was to examine smoking behavior and the desire to quit among low-income women. Two hundred and eight women caregivers were surveyed about their smoking status, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home, and desire to quit smoking. Most of the smokers (74%) wanted to quit smoking. With a logistic regression model, the number of years smoked was the only significant predictor variable for the dependent variable of thoughts about quitting when age, years of smoking, number of children, marital status, number of smokers in the home, cigarettes smoked per day, and money spent per week on cigarettes were entered as independent variables. The fewer years smoked the more likely the women wanted to quit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

CYP2D6, GST-M1 and GST-T1 enzymes: expression in parathyroid gland and association with the parathyroid hormone concentration during early renal replacement therapy.

AIMS: The purpose of this research was to characterize CYP2D6, GST-M1 and GST-T1 enzyme expression in human parathyroid tissue, and to determine whether or not there is any association between deficiencies in these enzymes and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Surgical human parathyroid tissue was obtained and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cellular localization of CYP2D6, GST-M1 and GST-T1 and colocalization of CYP2D6 with parathyroid hormone. Blood samples were collected from 328 Caucasian patients with end-stage renal disease for genetic testing of CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6, *7 and GST-M1*0 and GST-T1*0 alleles. Clinical chemistry data and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were obtained from patient medical records. In 277 of the patients, the same laboratory performed all clinical tests. RESULTS: CYP2D6, GST-M1 and GST-T1 were present in human parathyroid tissue. CYP2D6 was colocalized with parathyroid hormone in parathyroid chief cells. Within the end-stage renal disease population, a nonfunctional CYP2D6 genotype was present in 18.2%[95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0, 28.4] of patients in the 1st iPTH concentration quintile (iPTH < 64 pg x mL(-1)), in 0% (95% CI 0, 7.5) of those in the 2nd quintile, in 1.8% (95% CI 0, 9.3) of those in the 3rd quintile, in 9.1% (95% CI 1.5, 16.7) of those in the 4th quintile, and in 16.7% (95% CI 6.8, 26.5) of those in the 5th quintile (iPTH > 347 pg x mL(-1)) (P = 0.001). Out of 12 CYP2D6-deficient females, seven were in the 1st iPTH concentration quintile and the remaining five were in the 5th quintile. Patients deficient in the GST-M1 and GST-T1 enzymes displayed a far more uniform frequency distribution relative to serum iPTH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CYP2D6, GST-M1 and GST-T1 in parathyroid cells was observed. An association is reported between a lack of CYP2D6 and iPTH concentrations in newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease patients. Gender and concomitant deficiency in GST-M1 and/or GST-T1 appear to define this association further. It remains to be established whether these associations reflect a cause-effect relationship between deficient expression of metabolizing enzymes and severity of secondary manifestation of renal failure.

Adolescent↗